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... through the exchange of energy, matter, or information. In a closed system energy enters the environment, but matter does not. In an open system both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and the surrounding environment. Sometimes a system’s output can serve as input to the same system; t ...
... through the exchange of energy, matter, or information. In a closed system energy enters the environment, but matter does not. In an open system both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and the surrounding environment. Sometimes a system’s output can serve as input to the same system; t ...
Shake, Rattle, and Roll the Earth
... • move toward each other (converging boundaries) • move away from each other (divergent boundaries) • move past each other (transform boundaries) ...
... • move toward each other (converging boundaries) • move away from each other (divergent boundaries) • move past each other (transform boundaries) ...
Course Outline - School of Geosciences
... Holland, G., and C.J. Ballentine, 2006: Seawater subduction controls the heavy Noble gas composition of the mantle. Nature, v. 441, 186191. Hobbs, B.E., W. D. Means, and P.F. Williams, 1976. An Outline of Structural Geology, Wiley. Husson, L. and Y. Ricard, 2004. Stress balance above subduction: App ...
... Holland, G., and C.J. Ballentine, 2006: Seawater subduction controls the heavy Noble gas composition of the mantle. Nature, v. 441, 186191. Hobbs, B.E., W. D. Means, and P.F. Williams, 1976. An Outline of Structural Geology, Wiley. Husson, L. and Y. Ricard, 2004. Stress balance above subduction: App ...
Power Point view
... • Precambrian Y, from 1600 to 800 million years ago, overlaps with the Middle and part of the Late Proterozoic • Precambrian Z is from 800 million years to the end of the Precambrian, within the Late Proterozoic ...
... • Precambrian Y, from 1600 to 800 million years ago, overlaps with the Middle and part of the Late Proterozoic • Precambrian Z is from 800 million years to the end of the Precambrian, within the Late Proterozoic ...
Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
... B. A rising price for a scarce mineral resource can increase supplies and encourage more efficient use. Economics determines what part of a known mineral supply is extracted and used. Higher prices often mean more resources can be used (at a higher extraction cost), but this can be affected by natio ...
... B. A rising price for a scarce mineral resource can increase supplies and encourage more efficient use. Economics determines what part of a known mineral supply is extracted and used. Higher prices often mean more resources can be used (at a higher extraction cost), but this can be affected by natio ...
Mountains - SharpSchool
... lithosphere), made up of the crust and upper mantle, which contain the continents and ocean floors. ...
... lithosphere), made up of the crust and upper mantle, which contain the continents and ocean floors. ...
Plate tectonics note-taker - Tanque Verde Unified School District
... A. SUBDUCTION occurs when an oceanic plate (denser) is forced ______________ a continental (lighter) plate. 1. At the subduction zone a ________________________________ is formed where the plate is being forced downwards under the continental plate. 2. Subduction causes rocks to _____________, and m ...
... A. SUBDUCTION occurs when an oceanic plate (denser) is forced ______________ a continental (lighter) plate. 1. At the subduction zone a ________________________________ is formed where the plate is being forced downwards under the continental plate. 2. Subduction causes rocks to _____________, and m ...
Period Readings
... activity. We know from recent volcano eruptions that large eruptions can cause the temperature to drop all around the world. The Permian Period gets its name from a region of west-central Russia called Perm Oblast. This is where rocks from this time were first found. Even though it was first found i ...
... activity. We know from recent volcano eruptions that large eruptions can cause the temperature to drop all around the world. The Permian Period gets its name from a region of west-central Russia called Perm Oblast. This is where rocks from this time were first found. Even though it was first found i ...
Introduction to Structural Geology
... -metamorphic equivalents of above rocks Temperature gradient - +25oC per km in crust and mantle (this change decreases with depth) Convection -moves heat out of liquid core -carries heat transferred from core & from radioactive decay w/in mantle to surface Heat escapes earth by: - Conduction through ...
... -metamorphic equivalents of above rocks Temperature gradient - +25oC per km in crust and mantle (this change decreases with depth) Convection -moves heat out of liquid core -carries heat transferred from core & from radioactive decay w/in mantle to surface Heat escapes earth by: - Conduction through ...
rocks guided reading
... Below ground = from ________________ (intrusive igneous rock) Usually have ___________________ crystal grains (they cooled ____________________) Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Above ground = from _____________________ (extrusive igneous rock) Usually have _____________ or _______ crystals (they cooled ___ ...
... Below ground = from ________________ (intrusive igneous rock) Usually have ___________________ crystal grains (they cooled ____________________) Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Above ground = from _____________________ (extrusive igneous rock) Usually have _____________ or _______ crystals (they cooled ___ ...
Rocks
... Pumice rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks will actually float in water. Pumice is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals. Because this rock is ...
... Pumice rocks are igneous rocks which were formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. You can see where little pockets of air had been. This rock is so light, that many pumice rocks will actually float in water. Pumice is actually a kind of glass and not a mixture of minerals. Because this rock is ...
Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks
... Igneous rocks are called extrusive when they cool and solidify above the surface. These rocks usually form from a volcano, so they are also called volcanic rocks ( Figure 1.3). Extrusive igneous rocks cool much more rapidly than intrusive rocks. There is little time for crystals to form, so extrusiv ...
... Igneous rocks are called extrusive when they cool and solidify above the surface. These rocks usually form from a volcano, so they are also called volcanic rocks ( Figure 1.3). Extrusive igneous rocks cool much more rapidly than intrusive rocks. There is little time for crystals to form, so extrusiv ...
(2006), Decreasing magmatic footprints of individual volcanoes in a
... Peak and Hidden Cone). If their dike lengths were much longer than the footprint of the volcanoes themselves, the feeder dikes would have first intersected the surface at lower altitudes and volcanic vents would have formed there [Gaffney and Damjanac, 2006]. Therefore, we expect that the Pliocene v ...
... Peak and Hidden Cone). If their dike lengths were much longer than the footprint of the volcanoes themselves, the feeder dikes would have first intersected the surface at lower altitudes and volcanic vents would have formed there [Gaffney and Damjanac, 2006]. Therefore, we expect that the Pliocene v ...
Chapter 1
... 2. The following statements refer to either weather or climate. On the basis of your answer to question 1, determine which statements refer to weather and which refer to climate. One statement includes aspects of both. a. The baseball game was rained out today – b. January is Peoria’s coldest month ...
... 2. The following statements refer to either weather or climate. On the basis of your answer to question 1, determine which statements refer to weather and which refer to climate. One statement includes aspects of both. a. The baseball game was rained out today – b. January is Peoria’s coldest month ...
contents - Less Stress More Success
... The continents are formed mostly of light, granite-like rocks. They are 45 km thick on average, and up to 70 km thick under the mountain ranges. The ocean floors are formed mostly of basalt, which is heavy. They have an average thickness of 8 km, but may be as thin as 3 km in places. ...
... The continents are formed mostly of light, granite-like rocks. They are 45 km thick on average, and up to 70 km thick under the mountain ranges. The ocean floors are formed mostly of basalt, which is heavy. They have an average thickness of 8 km, but may be as thin as 3 km in places. ...
Alper Midterm 1 Solution (1)
... Granitic rocks are termed as mafic and they are rich in (magnesium and ferrum, for iron) in composition. (2pt) a) True b) False Which of the following is not fine grained? (2pt) a) Rhyolite b) Andesite c) Basalt d) Granite Most abundant rock type in oceanic crust is __Gabbro__. (2pt) If an igneous r ...
... Granitic rocks are termed as mafic and they are rich in (magnesium and ferrum, for iron) in composition. (2pt) a) True b) False Which of the following is not fine grained? (2pt) a) Rhyolite b) Andesite c) Basalt d) Granite Most abundant rock type in oceanic crust is __Gabbro__. (2pt) If an igneous r ...
Transitional I-S type characteristics in the Main Range Granite of
... The dominantly Triassic Main Range Granite of Peninsular Malaysia that occurs west of the Bentong‒Raub suture zone was previously regarded exclusively as S–type granite. Among the S-type characteristics of the granite are, (a) high initial 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio > 0.710, (b) low Na2O content, < 3.2 ...
... The dominantly Triassic Main Range Granite of Peninsular Malaysia that occurs west of the Bentong‒Raub suture zone was previously regarded exclusively as S–type granite. Among the S-type characteristics of the granite are, (a) high initial 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio > 0.710, (b) low Na2O content, < 3.2 ...
Tectonic–climatic interaction
Tectonic–climatic interaction is the interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system. The tectonic processes in question include orogenesis, volcanism, and erosion, while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect. As the geological record of past climate changes over millions of years is sparse and poorly resolved, many questions remain unresolved regarding the nature of tectonic-climate interaction, although it is an area of active research by geologists and palaeoclimatologists.