Unit 3 : Oceans
... This unit explores the working of ocean currents and circulation patterns and their influence on global climate cycles. It then turns to biological activity in the oceans, focusing on microscopic plankton that form the base of ocean food webs, and the influence of physical conditions like temperatur ...
... This unit explores the working of ocean currents and circulation patterns and their influence on global climate cycles. It then turns to biological activity in the oceans, focusing on microscopic plankton that form the base of ocean food webs, and the influence of physical conditions like temperatur ...
Summary Table for Three Types of Plate Boundaries
... Oceanic Plate Continental Plate plate Younger, dense Plates fold upward and continent moves over plate plate moves over plate thickens plate is forced , more dense plates are into the mantle in the plate is subducted too light to be subducted subduction zone Volcanoes form island arcs on Volcanic mo ...
... Oceanic Plate Continental Plate plate Younger, dense Plates fold upward and continent moves over plate plate moves over plate thickens plate is forced , more dense plates are into the mantle in the plate is subducted too light to be subducted subduction zone Volcanoes form island arcs on Volcanic mo ...
Ocean dumping - Cornell Engineering
... in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean. Wind-driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region. Estimates of size range from 270,000 sq mi. to more than 5,800,000 sq mi. ...
... in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean. Wind-driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region. Estimates of size range from 270,000 sq mi. to more than 5,800,000 sq mi. ...
Press Release
... a significant drop in biodiversity in the deep waters of Hawaii. Clearly, canyon habitats merit special attention for inclusion in Hawaiian MPAs." Future studies by the team of the Hawaiian canyon fauna include analyses of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in shrimp, urchins and other bottom f ...
... a significant drop in biodiversity in the deep waters of Hawaii. Clearly, canyon habitats merit special attention for inclusion in Hawaiian MPAs." Future studies by the team of the Hawaiian canyon fauna include analyses of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in shrimp, urchins and other bottom f ...
Activity—World Map of Plate Boundaries
... Strike slip faults result from Most of the world’s earthquakes and When two plates move volcanoes toward each other, crustare is destroyed as one plate dives (is subducted) beneath two plates moving horizontally Divergent boundaries occur mostly As surrounding plates Great Rift Valley, Africa. ) in ...
... Strike slip faults result from Most of the world’s earthquakes and When two plates move volcanoes toward each other, crustare is destroyed as one plate dives (is subducted) beneath two plates moving horizontally Divergent boundaries occur mostly As surrounding plates Great Rift Valley, Africa. ) in ...
convergent boundary
... Example: Marianas Trench the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean near the coast of Japan at at 11033 meters (36201 feet) deep. Magma rises to form volcanoes or Island arcs on the ocean floor parallel to the trench. ...
... Example: Marianas Trench the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean near the coast of Japan at at 11033 meters (36201 feet) deep. Magma rises to form volcanoes or Island arcs on the ocean floor parallel to the trench. ...
ODP Greatest Hits
... gas (methane) are frozen within deep-sea marine sediments as gas hydrates and now we’ve discovered that there is enough locked ...
... gas (methane) are frozen within deep-sea marine sediments as gas hydrates and now we’ve discovered that there is enough locked ...
Task 3 - Geysers and Hydrothermal Vents
... read about and view pictures of four creatures that live near hydrothermal vents; and Background for Teachers The Earth's tectonic plates can move apart, collide, or slide past each other. The MidOcean Ridge system - the Earth's underwater mountain range - arises where the plates are moving apart. A ...
... read about and view pictures of four creatures that live near hydrothermal vents; and Background for Teachers The Earth's tectonic plates can move apart, collide, or slide past each other. The MidOcean Ridge system - the Earth's underwater mountain range - arises where the plates are moving apart. A ...
Notes and Investigation
... about the ocean. At the same time, currents inevitably sweep over and carry off living organisms. Discuss how current flows might affect ocean organisms and species. Scientists seek to understand and explain how the natural world works. Many of the questions raised in this endeavor have no absolute ...
... about the ocean. At the same time, currents inevitably sweep over and carry off living organisms. Discuss how current flows might affect ocean organisms and species. Scientists seek to understand and explain how the natural world works. Many of the questions raised in this endeavor have no absolute ...
PosterA0LandscapeFinal3 - The Tidal Irrigation and Electrical System
... crease carbon sequestration through use of open ocean fertilization via iron in the South Atlantic (as iron availability is the limiting factor on phytoplankton growth there) have resulted in primary growth, but this does not result in carbon rich deposits forming on the seafloor. Instead, 99% trans ...
... crease carbon sequestration through use of open ocean fertilization via iron in the South Atlantic (as iron availability is the limiting factor on phytoplankton growth there) have resulted in primary growth, but this does not result in carbon rich deposits forming on the seafloor. Instead, 99% trans ...
Plate Tectonics
... Scientists were surprised to find huge mountains and deep trenches when they mapped the seafloor. The mid-ocean ridges form majestic mountain ranges through the deep oceans (Figure 1.10). Deep sea trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. These volcanoes can be at the edges of continents or ...
... Scientists were surprised to find huge mountains and deep trenches when they mapped the seafloor. The mid-ocean ridges form majestic mountain ranges through the deep oceans (Figure 1.10). Deep sea trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. These volcanoes can be at the edges of continents or ...
The oceans are a connected system.
... floor. For mapping large areas, satellite imaging is much more efficient. Satellites can detect tiny bumps and dips in the ocean’s height. These small surface differences reveal the shape of the ocean floor. For example, water levels are slightly higher over seamounts and lower over trenches. Becaus ...
... floor. For mapping large areas, satellite imaging is much more efficient. Satellites can detect tiny bumps and dips in the ocean’s height. These small surface differences reveal the shape of the ocean floor. For example, water levels are slightly higher over seamounts and lower over trenches. Becaus ...
Plate Tectonics Webquest KEY In this webquest, you will be directed
... Normal polarity occurs when the polarity alignment is the same as the Earth's present day magnetic field, therefore the north end of the rock's "compass needle" points toward magnetic north. Reversed polarity occurs when the polarity alignment is opposite to that of the Earth's present magnetic fiel ...
... Normal polarity occurs when the polarity alignment is the same as the Earth's present day magnetic field, therefore the north end of the rock's "compass needle" points toward magnetic north. Reversed polarity occurs when the polarity alignment is opposite to that of the Earth's present magnetic fiel ...
Seafloor spreading around Australia R. Dietmar Müller, Carmen
... Fig. 6. C31 Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) 67.7 Ma. The ridge in the Tasman Sea propagated N-ward. S-ward the ridge propagated between the Campbell Plateau and Antarctica. The ridge jumped N-ward between Broken Ridge and Kerguelen Plateau. (i) C25 late Paleocene 55.9 Ma The spreading direction bet ...
... Fig. 6. C31 Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) 67.7 Ma. The ridge in the Tasman Sea propagated N-ward. S-ward the ridge propagated between the Campbell Plateau and Antarctica. The ridge jumped N-ward between Broken Ridge and Kerguelen Plateau. (i) C25 late Paleocene 55.9 Ma The spreading direction bet ...
Earth Geodynamic Hypotheses Updated
... affects the rate of rotation. Chandler wobble “resides in the natural resonances in the body of the spinning earth due to detailed distribution of mass in its surface, interior, oceans, and atmosphere. The entire system is teleconnected.” Primarily, though, Earth expansion is a discussion of philoso ...
... affects the rate of rotation. Chandler wobble “resides in the natural resonances in the body of the spinning earth due to detailed distribution of mass in its surface, interior, oceans, and atmosphere. The entire system is teleconnected.” Primarily, though, Earth expansion is a discussion of philoso ...
STRUCTURE OF EARTH
... One way that mantle peridotites may melt is by plastic flow of large regions toward the surface (i.e., lower pressures). ...
... One way that mantle peridotites may melt is by plastic flow of large regions toward the surface (i.e., lower pressures). ...
SUPERPUZZLE
... Supercontinents can also help geologists hunt ing for mineral deposits — imagine discovering gold ore of a certain age in the Amazon and using it to find another gold deposit in a distant landmass that was once joined to the Amazon. More broadly, shifting landmasses have reshaped the face of the pl ...
... Supercontinents can also help geologists hunt ing for mineral deposits — imagine discovering gold ore of a certain age in the Amazon and using it to find another gold deposit in a distant landmass that was once joined to the Amazon. More broadly, shifting landmasses have reshaped the face of the pl ...
Salinity Reading
... about 4˚C (40 ˚F) -- i.e., several degrees above its freezing point. However, for sea water though the temperature of maximum density occurs at the freezing point of seawater (-1.8 ˚C). The temperature of maximum density has a tremendous affect on the circulation of the ocean, since it affects how a ...
... about 4˚C (40 ˚F) -- i.e., several degrees above its freezing point. However, for sea water though the temperature of maximum density occurs at the freezing point of seawater (-1.8 ˚C). The temperature of maximum density has a tremendous affect on the circulation of the ocean, since it affects how a ...
Petrology Lecture 8
... • μ = 238U/204Pb, and is used to evaluate uranium enrichment • The HIMU reservoir is quite distinctive in the Pb system, having a very high 206Pb/204Pb ratio, suggestive of a source with high U, yet not enriched in Rb, and old enough (> 1 Ga) to develop the observed isotopic ratios by radioactive de ...
... • μ = 238U/204Pb, and is used to evaluate uranium enrichment • The HIMU reservoir is quite distinctive in the Pb system, having a very high 206Pb/204Pb ratio, suggestive of a source with high U, yet not enriched in Rb, and old enough (> 1 Ga) to develop the observed isotopic ratios by radioactive de ...
Eds. I. S. Evans, R. Dikau, E. Tokunaga, H. Ohmori... © by TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 2003.
... sector. TOR-1 type basalts rise from the depth of 500 to 700 kilometers and get separated from the mantle at the temperature of about 1,270°C and the pressure of 8–10 kb. Differences in basalt composition are explained by the depth and intensity of magmatic processes. The most deep magmatic processe ...
... sector. TOR-1 type basalts rise from the depth of 500 to 700 kilometers and get separated from the mantle at the temperature of about 1,270°C and the pressure of 8–10 kb. Differences in basalt composition are explained by the depth and intensity of magmatic processes. The most deep magmatic processe ...
Crustal Thickness, Oceanic Lithosphere Distribution and OCT
... The distribution of oceanic and continental crust in the eastern Mediterranean region is not well understood but has major implications for the tectonic evolution of this region and its petroleum systems. Gravity inversion, incorporating a lithosphere thermal gravity anomaly correction, has been use ...
... The distribution of oceanic and continental crust in the eastern Mediterranean region is not well understood but has major implications for the tectonic evolution of this region and its petroleum systems. Gravity inversion, incorporating a lithosphere thermal gravity anomaly correction, has been use ...
Wave powered autonomous surface vessels as components of
... Payload may include a variety of observational equipment. Because they have no motor and no propeller and because they have a portion of the vehicle already at depth, wave gliders make good listening platforms. A connection for a hydrophone is placed at the tail of the glider. The length of the hydr ...
... Payload may include a variety of observational equipment. Because they have no motor and no propeller and because they have a portion of the vehicle already at depth, wave gliders make good listening platforms. A connection for a hydrophone is placed at the tail of the glider. The length of the hydr ...
Answer skills
... Many major landform features are associated with mountain building processes. The Plate Tectonics theory states that the lithosphere is broken into lithospheric plates consisting of continental crust, oceanic crust and the rigid upper mantle. The lithospheric plates float and move over the asthenosp ...
... Many major landform features are associated with mountain building processes. The Plate Tectonics theory states that the lithosphere is broken into lithospheric plates consisting of continental crust, oceanic crust and the rigid upper mantle. The lithospheric plates float and move over the asthenosp ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.