Marine-Policy 74:245-259 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... the Area and the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment” (UNCLOS Art. 145 (a) and (b)) [11]. This is in addition to other obligations in UNCLOS that call for, inter alia, the protection and preservation of the marine environment,” and the taking of measures “necessary t ...
... the Area and the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment” (UNCLOS Art. 145 (a) and (b)) [11]. This is in addition to other obligations in UNCLOS that call for, inter alia, the protection and preservation of the marine environment,” and the taking of measures “necessary t ...
Towards the time dependent modeling of sediment core data on a
... (water column only), and finally the solid sediment species CaCO3 , opal, organic carbon, and clay. For biological particle export production, Michalis-Menten nutrient uptake kinetics are used. Opal and organic carbon production are predicted on the basis of the corresponding nutrient concentrations ...
... (water column only), and finally the solid sediment species CaCO3 , opal, organic carbon, and clay. For biological particle export production, Michalis-Menten nutrient uptake kinetics are used. Opal and organic carbon production are predicted on the basis of the corresponding nutrient concentrations ...
Midterm review
... Correct answer: D. The hydrologic cycle concept has water moving from one reservoir to another. The addition of new water to the system is therefore not part of the cycle because it cannot cycle back to that reservoir. A sharp student could point out that water could recycle to volcanoes. How? Water ...
... Correct answer: D. The hydrologic cycle concept has water moving from one reservoir to another. The addition of new water to the system is therefore not part of the cycle because it cannot cycle back to that reservoir. A sharp student could point out that water could recycle to volcanoes. How? Water ...
Manea - Final - Centro de Geociencias ::.. UNAM
... One of the most prominent bathymetric features in Guatemala basin is the Tehuantepec Ridge. The nature of this major structure and the age of its formation are still unknown. This ridge is considered bathymetrically similar to the great fracture zones of the northeastern Pacific (Menard and Fisher, ...
... One of the most prominent bathymetric features in Guatemala basin is the Tehuantepec Ridge. The nature of this major structure and the age of its formation are still unknown. This ridge is considered bathymetrically similar to the great fracture zones of the northeastern Pacific (Menard and Fisher, ...
Plate Tectonics Questions
... In Anchorage, Alaska, scientists are monitoring sensors located on nearby Mt. Redoubt. The sensors measure seismic activity at the top of the volcano. No one lives near the volcano itself, so there is no danger to humans from lava flows, but ash can be dangerous when breathed in, and can damage airp ...
... In Anchorage, Alaska, scientists are monitoring sensors located on nearby Mt. Redoubt. The sensors measure seismic activity at the top of the volcano. No one lives near the volcano itself, so there is no danger to humans from lava flows, but ash can be dangerous when breathed in, and can damage airp ...
~her~o-mechanical ~od~~~ing of arc
... only obtained for the southwest Honshu subduction zone. The time passed since the initiation of subduction is relatively short for this subduction zone (see Table 1). This may explain the higher heat flow, since it will take time for the lithosphere above the slab to cool, after the initiation of su ...
... only obtained for the southwest Honshu subduction zone. The time passed since the initiation of subduction is relatively short for this subduction zone (see Table 1). This may explain the higher heat flow, since it will take time for the lithosphere above the slab to cool, after the initiation of su ...
DEEP SEA. WASTE DISPOSAL
... 9 All agree in one way or another that it is possible to identify, types of research that will have to be done by any nation that is to be regarded as a serious contributor. This basic element includes the support of techniques needed for a range of research topics and khe support of international ...
... 9 All agree in one way or another that it is possible to identify, types of research that will have to be done by any nation that is to be regarded as a serious contributor. This basic element includes the support of techniques needed for a range of research topics and khe support of international ...
Chapter 10: Plate Tectonics
... found that the youngest rocks are located at the mid-ocean ridges. The ages of the rocks become increasingly older in samples obtained farther from the ridges, adding to the evidence for seafloor spreading. Using submersibles along mid-ocean ridges, new seafloor features and life-forms also were dis ...
... found that the youngest rocks are located at the mid-ocean ridges. The ages of the rocks become increasingly older in samples obtained farther from the ridges, adding to the evidence for seafloor spreading. Using submersibles along mid-ocean ridges, new seafloor features and life-forms also were dis ...
Dipping reflector sequences in the vicinity of the continent
... by the occurrence of intrabasement reflectors but is strongly contradicted over continental crust by the observation of inter-formational sedimentarytype structures, and the shallow basinal form to the dipping sequences, occasionally observed between inner and outer 'highs'. ...
... by the occurrence of intrabasement reflectors but is strongly contradicted over continental crust by the observation of inter-formational sedimentarytype structures, and the shallow basinal form to the dipping sequences, occasionally observed between inner and outer 'highs'. ...
Protection of the High Seas - Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition
... In 2002, the UN Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) recommended that the UN General Assembly call for urgent consideration to improve the management of risks to vulnerable deep-sea areas and biodiversity. This was subsequently endorsed by the UN General Assembl ...
... In 2002, the UN Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) recommended that the UN General Assembly call for urgent consideration to improve the management of risks to vulnerable deep-sea areas and biodiversity. This was subsequently endorsed by the UN General Assembl ...
Did Paleo-Tethyan anoxia kill arc magma fertility for
... associated epithermal Au ± Cu deposits (Fig. 1), but the majority of known deposits are Cretaceous to Cenozoic in age, and are related to subduction and closure of the Neo-Tethyan ocean basin (Aghazadeh et al., 2015; Richards, 2015b). Examples include the Majdanpek porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit in Serbi ...
... associated epithermal Au ± Cu deposits (Fig. 1), but the majority of known deposits are Cretaceous to Cenozoic in age, and are related to subduction and closure of the Neo-Tethyan ocean basin (Aghazadeh et al., 2015; Richards, 2015b). Examples include the Majdanpek porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit in Serbi ...
1 Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from ~50 ka to present, 1
... that is found between ~0 to 50 m, and overlays a warmer, denser water mass of North Atlantic origin (the Atlantic water [AW], ~200 to 1000 m, T= >0°C, S= ~34.6 to 34.8). One branch of the AW flows into the Arctic Ocean from the Nordic seas along the eastern Fram Strait off the west coast of Spitsber ...
... that is found between ~0 to 50 m, and overlays a warmer, denser water mass of North Atlantic origin (the Atlantic water [AW], ~200 to 1000 m, T= >0°C, S= ~34.6 to 34.8). One branch of the AW flows into the Arctic Ocean from the Nordic seas along the eastern Fram Strait off the west coast of Spitsber ...
seamount subduction and earthquakes
... the downgoing slab. It is not known, however, what controls whether a seamount is accreted to the forearc or carried down into the subduction zone and recycled into the deep mantle. Of societal interest is the role seamounts play in geohazards, in particular, the generation of large earthquakes. ...
... the downgoing slab. It is not known, however, what controls whether a seamount is accreted to the forearc or carried down into the subduction zone and recycled into the deep mantle. Of societal interest is the role seamounts play in geohazards, in particular, the generation of large earthquakes. ...
Horizontal and Vertical Crustal Deformation profiles of a simple
... huge moving tectonic plates. The theory of plate tectonics has evolved to be one of the most successful phenomenons explaining the behaviour of rigid tectonic plates floating around the earth‟s surface, leading to different types of interactions (Convergent, Divergent and Transform). It also explain ...
... huge moving tectonic plates. The theory of plate tectonics has evolved to be one of the most successful phenomenons explaining the behaviour of rigid tectonic plates floating around the earth‟s surface, leading to different types of interactions (Convergent, Divergent and Transform). It also explain ...
The Puzzling Plates Part I
... Figure 1. The major lithospheric plates of the earth. The earth is broken into many plates. The boundaries of these plates are well-defined and can be identified by examining the locations of shallow focus earthquakes. Many seafloor features are formed at these plate boundaries, such as trenches and ...
... Figure 1. The major lithospheric plates of the earth. The earth is broken into many plates. The boundaries of these plates are well-defined and can be identified by examining the locations of shallow focus earthquakes. Many seafloor features are formed at these plate boundaries, such as trenches and ...
Unlocking the Opening Processes of the South China Sea
... there is not yet one single deep drilling well in the central SCS basin targeting the oceanic crust or its transition from The SCS is uniquely situated for studying continental the continental crust. This leaves a large gap in understandbreak-up, basin formation, and seafloor spreading processes ing ...
... there is not yet one single deep drilling well in the central SCS basin targeting the oceanic crust or its transition from The SCS is uniquely situated for studying continental the continental crust. This leaves a large gap in understandbreak-up, basin formation, and seafloor spreading processes ing ...
16_3eTIF
... A) occurs in areas where surface currents converge, or flow toward each other B) occurs in areas where currents diverge, or flow away from each other C) of ocean water results in areas of high primary productivity at the ocean surface D) occurs where winds blow at right angles toward the coastline E ...
... A) occurs in areas where surface currents converge, or flow toward each other B) occurs in areas where currents diverge, or flow away from each other C) of ocean water results in areas of high primary productivity at the ocean surface D) occurs where winds blow at right angles toward the coastline E ...
2MA-12 Draft guidelines for measuring Secchi depth
... Secchi depth is measured at stations when the ship is still: under calm seas, or while being held at the position using thrusters. Should the thrusters / side-propellers being used, they may cause considerable advection at typical Secchi depths which has to be accounted for. Allow sufficient time (p ...
... Secchi depth is measured at stations when the ship is still: under calm seas, or while being held at the position using thrusters. Should the thrusters / side-propellers being used, they may cause considerable advection at typical Secchi depths which has to be accounted for. Allow sufficient time (p ...
Do mantle plumes exist?
... pressure allows partial melting of the mantle material within the plume to form basaltic magma. The magma melts its way through the oceanic crust and erupts onto the ocean floor to build up an active volcanic island. As the plate carries on moving over the plume, the original island is carried away ...
... pressure allows partial melting of the mantle material within the plume to form basaltic magma. The magma melts its way through the oceanic crust and erupts onto the ocean floor to build up an active volcanic island. As the plate carries on moving over the plume, the original island is carried away ...
Constructing the Costa Rica-Nicaragua
... beneath the other into the underlying less viscous mantle. It has previously been assumed that as the downgoing plate descends into the mantle, the rate of motion of the plate after it has descended into the mantle is similar to the rate of motion of plate on the Earth’s surface. However, the subduc ...
... beneath the other into the underlying less viscous mantle. It has previously been assumed that as the downgoing plate descends into the mantle, the rate of motion of the plate after it has descended into the mantle is similar to the rate of motion of plate on the Earth’s surface. However, the subduc ...
Earthquake Depth-Energy Release: Thermomechanical Implications
... importance of mineral phase changes in the upper transitional zone. Seismological data collected since the ...
... importance of mineral phase changes in the upper transitional zone. Seismological data collected since the ...
Bathymetry: Assessing Methods - COLORS
... Bathymetry measurements are not static. The rise and fall of the tides can change bathymetry up to several meters in height, depending on when and where measurements are taken. For bathymetric maps seaward of the continental shelf, usually no tidal corrections are made to ship soundings. Most intern ...
... Bathymetry measurements are not static. The rise and fall of the tides can change bathymetry up to several meters in height, depending on when and where measurements are taken. For bathymetric maps seaward of the continental shelf, usually no tidal corrections are made to ship soundings. Most intern ...
High resolution image of the subducted Paci¢c (?) plate beneath
... anomalies 3^6% faster in the slab than the surrounding mantle with slow mantle velocities in the overlying mantle wedge [13], similar to other subduction zones [14]. Alaska is one of the few places undergoing active accretion of exotic terranes, a process that has continued since the Mesozoic [10]. ...
... anomalies 3^6% faster in the slab than the surrounding mantle with slow mantle velocities in the overlying mantle wedge [13], similar to other subduction zones [14]. Alaska is one of the few places undergoing active accretion of exotic terranes, a process that has continued since the Mesozoic [10]. ...
Basin To Basin: Plate Tectonics In Exploration
... Oceanic crust has a basaltic composition and is ...
... Oceanic crust has a basaltic composition and is ...
Lecture Notes Part 1
... for its density to reach a critical value -this situation is found at high latitudes, in particular near Greenland and Antarctica -at these sites, cold air temperature during winter cools surface water (typically to < 2ºC) which, in turn, increases its density -surface waters during winter in these ...
... for its density to reach a critical value -this situation is found at high latitudes, in particular near Greenland and Antarctica -at these sites, cold air temperature during winter cools surface water (typically to < 2ºC) which, in turn, increases its density -surface waters during winter in these ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.