Marine Sediments
... • Abyssal clay- covers most of the deep ocean floor, accumulates at <1mm/1000yr. Source is continent and cosmogenic, carried by ocean currents and ...
... • Abyssal clay- covers most of the deep ocean floor, accumulates at <1mm/1000yr. Source is continent and cosmogenic, carried by ocean currents and ...
“Plate Tectonics Simulation”.
... Spend a few minutes exploring the simulation. Don’t worry, you can’t break it. NEXT: Select the “Crust” tab at the top of the simulation. Under view select “Both”. 1) What are the 3 variables that can be changed in this simulation? (Scale or zoom is a nice feature, but not a variable.) ...
... Spend a few minutes exploring the simulation. Don’t worry, you can’t break it. NEXT: Select the “Crust” tab at the top of the simulation. Under view select “Both”. 1) What are the 3 variables that can be changed in this simulation? (Scale or zoom is a nice feature, but not a variable.) ...
2.36 Deep Ocean Currents
... enough to become very dense • Surface water sinks to the bottom – feeding deep currents ...
... enough to become very dense • Surface water sinks to the bottom – feeding deep currents ...
Plate Tectonics Test Study Guide (A)
... Section 5: Key Terms plate- a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust scientific theory- a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations plate tectonics-the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in ...
... Section 5: Key Terms plate- a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust scientific theory- a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations plate tectonics-the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in ...
Hydrothermal Vents - The Corn Group Unicorn Web Site
... The Identification of Redox Species from Hydrothermal Vents by in situ Raman Spectroscopy: Instrumental analysis of DORISS ...
... The Identification of Redox Species from Hydrothermal Vents by in situ Raman Spectroscopy: Instrumental analysis of DORISS ...
Fast spreading ridges
... • Be able to sketch the structure of fast and slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and describe how they differ • Describe how and why the structure and across-axis bathymetry of slow and fast ridges differ in terms of magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes that form the crust ...
... • Be able to sketch the structure of fast and slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and describe how they differ • Describe how and why the structure and across-axis bathymetry of slow and fast ridges differ in terms of magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes that form the crust ...
File
... 2. ________________________ echo off the ocean bottom – the longer the sound waves take to return to the ship, the deeper the water is. 3. Using ________________________, researchers discovered an underwater system of ________________________, or mountains, and valleys like those found on the contin ...
... 2. ________________________ echo off the ocean bottom – the longer the sound waves take to return to the ship, the deeper the water is. 3. Using ________________________, researchers discovered an underwater system of ________________________, or mountains, and valleys like those found on the contin ...
Geology Chapter 7 Study Guide with lines
... ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Where does seafloor spreading occur? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 15. What cause ...
... ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Where does seafloor spreading occur? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 15. What cause ...
Congestion in the Earth`s Mantle Mineralogists explain in the
... explains. The gaps between the drifting slabs are being filled up by rising melt, solidifying to new oceanic crust. In other regions the slabs dive into the deep interior of the Earth and mix with the surrounding Earth's mantle. The Earth is the only planet in our solar system, conducting such a 'fa ...
... explains. The gaps between the drifting slabs are being filled up by rising melt, solidifying to new oceanic crust. In other regions the slabs dive into the deep interior of the Earth and mix with the surrounding Earth's mantle. The Earth is the only planet in our solar system, conducting such a 'fa ...
Seismic re¯ection image revealing offset of Andean subduction
... Since the advent of plate-tectonic theory over 30 years ago1,2, the geometries of subduction zones have been constrained mainly by the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocentres, known as Wadati±Benioff zones. This is due to the fact that, despite the existence of a wealth of shallow seismic re¯ ...
... Since the advent of plate-tectonic theory over 30 years ago1,2, the geometries of subduction zones have been constrained mainly by the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocentres, known as Wadati±Benioff zones. This is due to the fact that, despite the existence of a wealth of shallow seismic re¯ ...
The Ocean Floor
... deep-ocean floor between the continental margin and the oceanic ridge. Deep-Ocean Trenches • Trenches form at the sites of plate convergence where one moving plate descends beneath another and plunges back into the mantle. ...
... deep-ocean floor between the continental margin and the oceanic ridge. Deep-Ocean Trenches • Trenches form at the sites of plate convergence where one moving plate descends beneath another and plunges back into the mantle. ...
Biome: Ocean - Ohio County Schools
... Artic Ocean, and The Southern Ocean. The ocean has the most biodiversity of all the biomes. The Mariana Trench is the deepest of the ocean and is 12,400 feet. Over 90% of the life on Earth lives in the ocean. Around 90% of all volcanic activity takes place in the world’s oceans. ...
... Artic Ocean, and The Southern Ocean. The ocean has the most biodiversity of all the biomes. The Mariana Trench is the deepest of the ocean and is 12,400 feet. Over 90% of the life on Earth lives in the ocean. Around 90% of all volcanic activity takes place in the world’s oceans. ...
Intro to Plates_Density of Granite_Basalt
... Draw a T chart that compares the thickness and composition of Oceanic and Continental Crust ...
... Draw a T chart that compares the thickness and composition of Oceanic and Continental Crust ...
Pangea torn: answer to the riddle Alfred Wegener`s theory is mainly
... Pangea torn: answer to the riddle Alfred Wegener's theory is mainly based on the mapping between the coasts both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (cartographic arguments). Scientists objected that this could be because of a variable level of the sea, however the topographic indicator is not the only argu ...
... Pangea torn: answer to the riddle Alfred Wegener's theory is mainly based on the mapping between the coasts both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (cartographic arguments). Scientists objected that this could be because of a variable level of the sea, however the topographic indicator is not the only argu ...
Chapter 4
... What is Plate Tectonics Theory? • Earth’s upper mantle (lithosphere) is broken into rigid plates which move with respect to each other • Plates rest on and move in the asthenosphere • There are 3 kinds of plate margins that are marked by earthquakes and volcanoes – Divergent – Convergent – Transfor ...
... What is Plate Tectonics Theory? • Earth’s upper mantle (lithosphere) is broken into rigid plates which move with respect to each other • Plates rest on and move in the asthenosphere • There are 3 kinds of plate margins that are marked by earthquakes and volcanoes – Divergent – Convergent – Transfor ...
Chapter 11- Student Notes
... The time between megaquakes is ________ – __________years (avg. ________ years). Our last big earthquake was ________ years ago. *source: Vancouver Sun (2012) Ocean Basins ___________________plains: is oceanic crust between a ___________________midocean ridge and the trench it subducts (lowers ...
... The time between megaquakes is ________ – __________years (avg. ________ years). Our last big earthquake was ________ years ago. *source: Vancouver Sun (2012) Ocean Basins ___________________plains: is oceanic crust between a ___________________midocean ridge and the trench it subducts (lowers ...
How do ocean plates interact with each other?
... Have you ever been in an earthquake before? Do you know what caused it? It was the manifestation of the release of energy held in bound up plates. As that energy was released, the entire plate shook, resulting in the earthquake that you felt. However, that was on a Continental Plate. What happens wh ...
... Have you ever been in an earthquake before? Do you know what caused it? It was the manifestation of the release of energy held in bound up plates. As that energy was released, the entire plate shook, resulting in the earthquake that you felt. However, that was on a Continental Plate. What happens wh ...
The Sea Floor
... submarine canyons and abyssal fans (California) “turbidity currents” flow down canyons and deposit on fans ...
... submarine canyons and abyssal fans (California) “turbidity currents” flow down canyons and deposit on fans ...
Handout 1 (2-3) pink Chapter 10 Section 2 Directed Reading Pages
... 11. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called a _______________. 12. When oceanic lithosphere collides with continental lithosphere, the oceanic lithosphere is more dense than the continental lithosphere, so it sinks, or ____________________________________ ...
... 11. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called a _______________. 12. When oceanic lithosphere collides with continental lithosphere, the oceanic lithosphere is more dense than the continental lithosphere, so it sinks, or ____________________________________ ...
L10
... Plate Boundaries • Tectonic plates interact in various ways as they move across the asthenosphere, producing volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain systems. • There are 3 primary types of Tectonic Plate boundaries: – Divergent boundaries – Covergent boundaries – Transform ...
... Plate Boundaries • Tectonic plates interact in various ways as they move across the asthenosphere, producing volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain systems. • There are 3 primary types of Tectonic Plate boundaries: – Divergent boundaries – Covergent boundaries – Transform ...
Physics and chemistry of the Earth`s interior – Oceanic
... East Pacific Rise Large (mantle) scale structure • Mantle temperature means that passive upwelling as the plates separate will cause mantle material to melt • Region of partial melt: 100’s km across and ~150 km depth though most melting occurs in the spinel stability field ie <60km • Melt is then fo ...
... East Pacific Rise Large (mantle) scale structure • Mantle temperature means that passive upwelling as the plates separate will cause mantle material to melt • Region of partial melt: 100’s km across and ~150 km depth though most melting occurs in the spinel stability field ie <60km • Melt is then fo ...
Student Notes
... How was the water in the ocean formed? - Oceans formed 3 billion years ago. - Outside of Earth cooled but the inside remained hot. - Water trapped in volcanic materials was released as vapour. - It cooled, condensed and fell back to the earth. - This water collected in the lowest parts of the Earth’ ...
... How was the water in the ocean formed? - Oceans formed 3 billion years ago. - Outside of Earth cooled but the inside remained hot. - Water trapped in volcanic materials was released as vapour. - It cooled, condensed and fell back to the earth. - This water collected in the lowest parts of the Earth’ ...
Oceans 11 – Exam Review
... boundaries. Draw and label an Ocean Profile, using at least 5 features we learned in class. Draw, label & describe the earth’s interior. Water is a “unique” compound. Discuss the properties (cohesion, adhesion, specific heat etc) of water that make it so, covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. D ...
... boundaries. Draw and label an Ocean Profile, using at least 5 features we learned in class. Draw, label & describe the earth’s interior. Water is a “unique” compound. Discuss the properties (cohesion, adhesion, specific heat etc) of water that make it so, covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. D ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.