Regional phases in continental and oceanic environments
... up to 3 km. The continental side has a region of thickened crust close to the continent–ocean margin and then grades into a homogeneous section. The thickness of the crust on the continental side has been chosen to be quite thin (24 km with a thickening to 37 km) but still sufficient to display the ...
... up to 3 km. The continental side has a region of thickened crust close to the continent–ocean margin and then grades into a homogeneous section. The thickness of the crust on the continental side has been chosen to be quite thin (24 km with a thickening to 37 km) but still sufficient to display the ...
Pangaea (240 Myr ago) - University of Hawaii
... Expressed through the 1) Overview plate tectonics & Earth’s major forms of volcanism Creation of the Philippine Archipelago 2) Summarize origin & evolution of the Philippine Archipelago ...
... Expressed through the 1) Overview plate tectonics & Earth’s major forms of volcanism Creation of the Philippine Archipelago 2) Summarize origin & evolution of the Philippine Archipelago ...
The Theory of Tectonic Plates
... Sub means below (submarine, subway) Old ocean crust is pushed below the asthenosphere and gets re-melted and recycled. ...
... Sub means below (submarine, subway) Old ocean crust is pushed below the asthenosphere and gets re-melted and recycled. ...
The Theory of Tectonic Plates
... “Sub” means below (submarine, subway) Old ocean crust is pushed below the asthenosphere and gets re-melted and recycled. ...
... “Sub” means below (submarine, subway) Old ocean crust is pushed below the asthenosphere and gets re-melted and recycled. ...
continental margin
... leads to the deep-ocean floor and marks the seaward edge of the continental shelf. • A submarine canyon is the seaward extension of a valley that was cut on the continental shelf during a time when sea level was lower—a canyon carved into the outer continental shelf, slope, and rise by turbidity cur ...
... leads to the deep-ocean floor and marks the seaward edge of the continental shelf. • A submarine canyon is the seaward extension of a valley that was cut on the continental shelf during a time when sea level was lower—a canyon carved into the outer continental shelf, slope, and rise by turbidity cur ...
Milky Way Plate Boundary Simulation
... To simulate the boundaries: ❃ To show convergent boundary: move two plates toward each other until they collide. Where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate tips down and slides beneath the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench (a long, narrow, deep basin). An ...
... To simulate the boundaries: ❃ To show convergent boundary: move two plates toward each other until they collide. Where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate tips down and slides beneath the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench (a long, narrow, deep basin). An ...
PEUXENOS
... the continent-al lithosphere in that part of the world, which in turn explains its high topography. ...
... the continent-al lithosphere in that part of the world, which in turn explains its high topography. ...
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
... • When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone. • The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench. • The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches. – ...
... • When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone. • The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench. • The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches. – ...
Chapter 21 Notes - Valdosta State University
... At divergent boundaries, magma wells up from below and either passes through the rift in the ridge to form new igneous rock or is deflected horizontally to contribute to the horizontal motion of the plates. The new oceanic crust is composed primarily of basalt. At convergent boundaries, there are th ...
... At divergent boundaries, magma wells up from below and either passes through the rift in the ridge to form new igneous rock or is deflected horizontally to contribute to the horizontal motion of the plates. The new oceanic crust is composed primarily of basalt. At convergent boundaries, there are th ...
Earthquake Occurrences in Different Tectonic Settings
... from interactions between plate boundaries. Therefore, the lines of earthquakes help define the lithospheric plates and three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. ...
... from interactions between plate boundaries. Therefore, the lines of earthquakes help define the lithospheric plates and three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. ...
Plate Boundaries There are 3 primary types of Tectonic Plate
... years pushed up the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years. ...
... years pushed up the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years. ...
Intro to Plate Tectonics
... into each other. There are two kinds of surface features that are associated with a convergent boundary. The first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. One plate made of oceanic crust can slide down underneath another plate, forming this narrow, deep trench. This hap ...
... into each other. There are two kinds of surface features that are associated with a convergent boundary. The first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. One plate made of oceanic crust can slide down underneath another plate, forming this narrow, deep trench. This hap ...
Serpentine Volcano
... form a pool that often is surrounded by a cone similar to the cone we associate with magma volcanoes. A different process, however, forms mud volcanoes in the Mariana region. The mud volcanoes here form only in the zone between the trench and the active volcanic arc. This area is called the “forearc ...
... form a pool that often is surrounded by a cone similar to the cone we associate with magma volcanoes. A different process, however, forms mud volcanoes in the Mariana region. The mud volcanoes here form only in the zone between the trench and the active volcanic arc. This area is called the “forearc ...
Chemical and Physical Properties of Seawater Chapter 3, p 44
... Since water is much heavier than air, marine organisms are under much more pressure than those on land. As the pressure increases, gases are compressed. Gas-filled structures inside organisms like air bladders, floats, and lungs shrink or collapse. Limits depth range of organisms We need special equ ...
... Since water is much heavier than air, marine organisms are under much more pressure than those on land. As the pressure increases, gases are compressed. Gas-filled structures inside organisms like air bladders, floats, and lungs shrink or collapse. Limits depth range of organisms We need special equ ...
Exploring the Ocean 2014
... continental slope formed by accumulation of sediments that wash down. ...
... continental slope formed by accumulation of sediments that wash down. ...
Subduction Zone Lab
... earthquakes cannot form past this depth because as you go further down, we all know that it gets hotter. Below the asthenosphere, the temperature is too high, and the rocks temperature at that point in time prevents earthquakes to occur. Earthquakes need that special force or friction, and so when t ...
... earthquakes cannot form past this depth because as you go further down, we all know that it gets hotter. Below the asthenosphere, the temperature is too high, and the rocks temperature at that point in time prevents earthquakes to occur. Earthquakes need that special force or friction, and so when t ...
Plate Tectonics
... Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other Located at mid-ocean ridges, and most famously, California at the San Andreas Fault ...
... Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other Located at mid-ocean ridges, and most famously, California at the San Andreas Fault ...
Formation of spreading zones on the ocean floor (by the example of
... Sakhalin hydrocarbon deposits, in conditions of oceanic crust extension (transform fault zone), in the thermal convection regime, and with serpentinite layer as a contributing factor. Attention of many foreign companies and investors is focused on exploitation and development of oil deposits on the ...
... Sakhalin hydrocarbon deposits, in conditions of oceanic crust extension (transform fault zone), in the thermal convection regime, and with serpentinite layer as a contributing factor. Attention of many foreign companies and investors is focused on exploitation and development of oil deposits on the ...
PlateBoundaries_Background
... Earth is broken into various plates. These plates drift on the asthenosphere at very slow rates. As plates move away from each other the lithosphere thins and tears. At these divergent plate boundaries new oceanic lithosphere is created in the gaps from upwelling magma from the mantle. This upwellin ...
... Earth is broken into various plates. These plates drift on the asthenosphere at very slow rates. As plates move away from each other the lithosphere thins and tears. At these divergent plate boundaries new oceanic lithosphere is created in the gaps from upwelling magma from the mantle. This upwellin ...
Gravity against tectonics during continental break
... controlled by the sense of shearing at the brittle crust /ductile crust interface (if decoupled) or by the sense of flow within the lower crust during continental break-up. The sense of ductile flow within the ductile levels of the lithosphere is controlled by its tectonic stretching but also by the ...
... controlled by the sense of shearing at the brittle crust /ductile crust interface (if decoupled) or by the sense of flow within the lower crust during continental break-up. The sense of ductile flow within the ductile levels of the lithosphere is controlled by its tectonic stretching but also by the ...
File
... 1. Surface zone organisms (sharks, dolphins, etc.) swim into coral reefs to eat. 2. The “Coral Reef City” lives in balance with the “Suburbs” -seagrass beds and mangrove forests (estuaries) that are usually located closer to shore. Seagrass and mangrove ecosystems serve as nurseries for many fish an ...
... 1. Surface zone organisms (sharks, dolphins, etc.) swim into coral reefs to eat. 2. The “Coral Reef City” lives in balance with the “Suburbs” -seagrass beds and mangrove forests (estuaries) that are usually located closer to shore. Seagrass and mangrove ecosystems serve as nurseries for many fish an ...
plate tectonics notes File
... This is a unifying concept of geology developed after WWII and only accepted during the 1960s! ...
... This is a unifying concept of geology developed after WWII and only accepted during the 1960s! ...
WHAT IS A PLATE? The surface of the Earth is broken up into large
... As the theory of plate tectonics developed, mantle convection was long thought to be responsible for the movement of tectonic plates across the Earth’s surface. This theory is now largely out of favour, with modern imaging techniques unable to identify convection cells in the mantle sufficiently lar ...
... As the theory of plate tectonics developed, mantle convection was long thought to be responsible for the movement of tectonic plates across the Earth’s surface. This theory is now largely out of favour, with modern imaging techniques unable to identify convection cells in the mantle sufficiently lar ...
1 UNIT 10 Plate Tectonics Study Guide Chapters 1, 2, 9, and most of
... - Submarine trench is a very deep, elongated depression on the ocean floor (found only at subduction zones). - The Mariana Trench in the Pacific is more than 38,000 feet (7 miles) deep. Theory of Seafloor Spreading - H. H. Hess, a geology professor at Princeton proposed (1960) the theory of seafloor ...
... - Submarine trench is a very deep, elongated depression on the ocean floor (found only at subduction zones). - The Mariana Trench in the Pacific is more than 38,000 feet (7 miles) deep. Theory of Seafloor Spreading - H. H. Hess, a geology professor at Princeton proposed (1960) the theory of seafloor ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.