Plate Tectonics Theory
... • In spite of the numerous evidences, most scientists rejected Wegener’s idea of seafloor spreading until the 1960’s. • With the aid of sonar technology and the ability to map the ocean floor, substantial evidence was able to be given. ...
... • In spite of the numerous evidences, most scientists rejected Wegener’s idea of seafloor spreading until the 1960’s. • With the aid of sonar technology and the ability to map the ocean floor, substantial evidence was able to be given. ...
Oceanic Crust - River Dell Regional School District
... We need not wait for earthquakes to occur, on a local scale on land (cheap but slow methods) and at sea (more expensive but quicker) explosions can be set to cause shock waves to pass through the crust (simulating an earthquake) that can be measured in the same way. ...
... We need not wait for earthquakes to occur, on a local scale on land (cheap but slow methods) and at sea (more expensive but quicker) explosions can be set to cause shock waves to pass through the crust (simulating an earthquake) that can be measured in the same way. ...
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 13 Earth Science, 12e
... • Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length • Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface • Winds through all major oceans ...
... • Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length • Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface • Winds through all major oceans ...
Divergent boundaries
... Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years. ...
... Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years. ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
... • Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length • Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface • Winds through all major oceans ...
... • Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length • Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface • Winds through all major oceans ...
Subduction Zones
... Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years ...
... Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to their present heights. Most of this growth occurred during the past 10 million years ...
Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Theory Unfolds
... and structures in the outer portion of the Earth. • Plate Tectonics relates such deformation to the existence and movement of rigid “plates” over a weak or partly molten layer in the earth’s upper mantle ...
... and structures in the outer portion of the Earth. • Plate Tectonics relates such deformation to the existence and movement of rigid “plates” over a weak or partly molten layer in the earth’s upper mantle ...
White Cliffs
... found in many classrooms. Most of the chalk is made up of the shells of long extinct tiny ocean floating organisms called coccoliths, which are about .001 millimeters in size. Their shells are made up of calcium carbonate, which gives it its white appearance. Calcium carbonate is also the building b ...
... found in many classrooms. Most of the chalk is made up of the shells of long extinct tiny ocean floating organisms called coccoliths, which are about .001 millimeters in size. Their shells are made up of calcium carbonate, which gives it its white appearance. Calcium carbonate is also the building b ...
Shorelines - Bakersfield College
... slope descends abruptly into a deep-ocean trench Located primarily around the Pacific Ocean Accumulations of deformed sediment and scraps of ocean crust form accretionary wedges ...
... slope descends abruptly into a deep-ocean trench Located primarily around the Pacific Ocean Accumulations of deformed sediment and scraps of ocean crust form accretionary wedges ...
Plate Tectonics
... Some mountains are the result of volcanic activity. Volcanoes may be found along plate boundaries. There are currently about 600 active volcanoes on land. Many are found along the Pacific Rim or what is called the ”Ring of Fire”. A few develop over wha is called a “hot spot”. This is an area where ...
... Some mountains are the result of volcanic activity. Volcanoes may be found along plate boundaries. There are currently about 600 active volcanoes on land. Many are found along the Pacific Rim or what is called the ”Ring of Fire”. A few develop over wha is called a “hot spot”. This is an area where ...
Oceanic-Continental Boundary
... Scientists believe that the earth's magnetism is created by slow movements in the liquid outer core, caused by the rotation of the earth. The generation of the earth's magnetic field is a continuous, but variable, process that causes change in not only the intensity of the magnetic field, but also ...
... Scientists believe that the earth's magnetism is created by slow movements in the liquid outer core, caused by the rotation of the earth. The generation of the earth's magnetic field is a continuous, but variable, process that causes change in not only the intensity of the magnetic field, but also ...
Section 9.5 Mechanism for Plate Tectonics
... Slab-pull is a mechanism that contributes to plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing lithosphere along. It is thought to be the primary downward arm of convective flow in the mantle. Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides ...
... Slab-pull is a mechanism that contributes to plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing lithosphere along. It is thought to be the primary downward arm of convective flow in the mantle. Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides ...
Transform Boundary
... • Since Wegener's day, scientists have mapped and explored the great system of oceanic ridges, the sites of frequent earthquakes, where molten rock rises from below the crust and hardens into new crust. • We now know that the farther away you travel from a ridge, the older the crust is, and the olde ...
... • Since Wegener's day, scientists have mapped and explored the great system of oceanic ridges, the sites of frequent earthquakes, where molten rock rises from below the crust and hardens into new crust. • We now know that the farther away you travel from a ridge, the older the crust is, and the olde ...
final study guide answer key
... explains how mountains are formed and how EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANOES occur. 17. At CONVERGENT boundaries, Earth’s tectonic plates move towards each other. When one of the plates is denser, it sinks under the other. This is called SUBDUCTION. At areas of subduction you can find deep OCEAN TRENCHES on ...
... explains how mountains are formed and how EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANOES occur. 17. At CONVERGENT boundaries, Earth’s tectonic plates move towards each other. When one of the plates is denser, it sinks under the other. This is called SUBDUCTION. At areas of subduction you can find deep OCEAN TRENCHES on ...
The Spreading Seafloor - Manhasset Public Schools
... When molten volcanic rocks cool and solidify, the magnetic minerals in them are magnetized in the direction of Earth’s magnetic field. They retain that magnetism, thus serving as permanent magnetic memories of the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field in the place and at the time they solidified. ...
... When molten volcanic rocks cool and solidify, the magnetic minerals in them are magnetized in the direction of Earth’s magnetic field. They retain that magnetism, thus serving as permanent magnetic memories of the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field in the place and at the time they solidified. ...
Resources of the Sea Floor
... shelves where easterly trade winds blow offshore, causing upwelling of deep water enriched in phosphorus (between 30°N and 30°S). Present mining of phosphorite, which is mainly used as fertilizer, is from land deposits that formed during past higher sea levels, but extensive untapped deposits exist ...
... shelves where easterly trade winds blow offshore, causing upwelling of deep water enriched in phosphorus (between 30°N and 30°S). Present mining of phosphorite, which is mainly used as fertilizer, is from land deposits that formed during past higher sea levels, but extensive untapped deposits exist ...
Earth Science – Quiz 2
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions 23. Which one of the following is an im ...
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions 23. Which one of the following is an im ...
8-3 Subunit Test
... c. less dense than the crust d. less dense than the mantle 5. (8-3.1) The following characteristics describe which layer of the Earth? Least dense layer, outermost layer, made of solid rock, basalt, and granite a. Crust b. Inner Core c. Mantle d. Outer Core 6. (8-3.6) New crust forms under the ocean ...
... c. less dense than the crust d. less dense than the mantle 5. (8-3.1) The following characteristics describe which layer of the Earth? Least dense layer, outermost layer, made of solid rock, basalt, and granite a. Crust b. Inner Core c. Mantle d. Outer Core 6. (8-3.6) New crust forms under the ocean ...
Plate Tectonic Theory
... • Continental lithospheric plates move laterally past one another – Transform fault – a fault which connects two off-set segments of a mid-ocean ridge ...
... • Continental lithospheric plates move laterally past one another – Transform fault – a fault which connects two off-set segments of a mid-ocean ridge ...
8-3 Subunit Test - Darlington Middle School
... c. less dense than the crust d. less dense than the mantle 5. (8-3.1) The following characteristics describe which layer of the Earth? Least dense layer, outermost layer, made of solid rock, basalt, and granite a. Crust b. Inner Core c. Mantle d. Outer Core 6. (8-3.6) New crust forms under the ocean ...
... c. less dense than the crust d. less dense than the mantle 5. (8-3.1) The following characteristics describe which layer of the Earth? Least dense layer, outermost layer, made of solid rock, basalt, and granite a. Crust b. Inner Core c. Mantle d. Outer Core 6. (8-3.6) New crust forms under the ocean ...
Document
... wood is mostly carbon (C): atomic weight = 12 a fishing weight is mostly lead (Pb): atomic weight = 207 ...
... wood is mostly carbon (C): atomic weight = 12 a fishing weight is mostly lead (Pb): atomic weight = 207 ...
Twentieth lecture - 23 October, 2013
... For MOST of the semester, we're going to be focusing on the part we know the best the crust. ...
... For MOST of the semester, we're going to be focusing on the part we know the best the crust. ...
The Present and Future of Exploration for Deep Seabed Mineral
... are mostly volcanic and found on oceanic crust formed near spreading ridges over upwelling plumes. Half of the world’s seamounts are found in the Pacific Ocean ...
... are mostly volcanic and found on oceanic crust formed near spreading ridges over upwelling plumes. Half of the world’s seamounts are found in the Pacific Ocean ...
Lab 06-Plate Tectonics
... Since new seafloor is formed at the divergent boundaries…the notion of seafloor spreading can also be observed… ...
... Since new seafloor is formed at the divergent boundaries…the notion of seafloor spreading can also be observed… ...
Plate Tectonics: The Grand Unifying Theory of Geology
... Mid-ocean ridges are high above most of the seafloor This is because new oceanic crust is warmer and less dense, and very little lithosphere has been added, close to the ridges. Further from the ridges, the crust is cool and more dense, and the thicker lithosphere adds even more weight, pulling the ...
... Mid-ocean ridges are high above most of the seafloor This is because new oceanic crust is warmer and less dense, and very little lithosphere has been added, close to the ridges. Further from the ridges, the crust is cool and more dense, and the thicker lithosphere adds even more weight, pulling the ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.