Chapter 7 Study Guide Plate Tectonics What is the major evidence
... What is the major evidence that sea-floor spreading creates new lithosphere? Explain your answer. If scientists were able to drill through the Earth’s crust, would it be better to drill through oceanic crust or continental crust? Explain your answer. Tectonic plates forming a transform boundary may ...
... What is the major evidence that sea-floor spreading creates new lithosphere? Explain your answer. If scientists were able to drill through the Earth’s crust, would it be better to drill through oceanic crust or continental crust? Explain your answer. Tectonic plates forming a transform boundary may ...
ch9
... plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing lithosphere along. It is thought to be the primary downward arm of convective flow in the mantle. • Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides of the oceanic ridge under the pull of grav ...
... plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing lithosphere along. It is thought to be the primary downward arm of convective flow in the mantle. • Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides of the oceanic ridge under the pull of grav ...
Oceanography Chapter 11
... Subduction zones (convergent boundary). A trench forms as a more dense oceanic plate moves under a less dense continental plate. As subduction occurs, some of the material from the melting oceanic plate rises upward to form volcanoes on the continent. Chapter 11 Pages 11-22 to 11-25 ...
... Subduction zones (convergent boundary). A trench forms as a more dense oceanic plate moves under a less dense continental plate. As subduction occurs, some of the material from the melting oceanic plate rises upward to form volcanoes on the continent. Chapter 11 Pages 11-22 to 11-25 ...
The Ocean Floor - Travelling across time
... The red colors are the youngest parts of the seafloor, where fresh new crust is formed as lava seeps up from the deep interior of the Earth at spreading ridges. The green colors are the spreading ridges, older crust, that moves away from the ridge as new crust is formed. The blue colors are the olde ...
... The red colors are the youngest parts of the seafloor, where fresh new crust is formed as lava seeps up from the deep interior of the Earth at spreading ridges. The green colors are the spreading ridges, older crust, that moves away from the ridge as new crust is formed. The blue colors are the olde ...
12.479 Trace-Element Geochemistry
... MORB magma erupts into seawater is unequivocally a quenched melt. However, this glass, and MORB whole-rocks in general, are characterized by relatively low (i.e., depleted) abundances of highly incompatible elements; this is a paradoxical result since by definition highly incompatible elements are e ...
... MORB magma erupts into seawater is unequivocally a quenched melt. However, this glass, and MORB whole-rocks in general, are characterized by relatively low (i.e., depleted) abundances of highly incompatible elements; this is a paradoxical result since by definition highly incompatible elements are e ...
Nance Chapter 02 Lecture PPT
... • Theory of plate tectonics is the unifying theory of Earth science. • Earth’s surface is broken into plates that move slowly relative to each other. • Divergence of plates at ocean spreading centers and continental rifts • Convergence of plates at subduction zones and continental collision zones • ...
... • Theory of plate tectonics is the unifying theory of Earth science. • Earth’s surface is broken into plates that move slowly relative to each other. • Divergence of plates at ocean spreading centers and continental rifts • Convergence of plates at subduction zones and continental collision zones • ...
convection-and-the-mantel-1st-one-of-week-5
... What is sea floor spreading? – The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the sea floor. – What effect does it have on us? It moves the plates and spreads out the continents. Where does this happen? – At the mid-oceanic ridges Mid-oceanic ridge: an undersea mountain chain w ...
... What is sea floor spreading? – The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the sea floor. – What effect does it have on us? It moves the plates and spreads out the continents. Where does this happen? – At the mid-oceanic ridges Mid-oceanic ridge: an undersea mountain chain w ...
•
... HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION’S four Ocean Institutes (Ocean Life, Coastal Ocean, Deep Ocean Exploration, and Ocean and Climate Change) were initiated in 2001 to focus on critical ocean-related issues that have substantial impact on society. The Ocean Institutes’ concurrent mission is to shorten th ...
... HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION’S four Ocean Institutes (Ocean Life, Coastal Ocean, Deep Ocean Exploration, and Ocean and Climate Change) were initiated in 2001 to focus on critical ocean-related issues that have substantial impact on society. The Ocean Institutes’ concurrent mission is to shorten th ...
How thick is Continental crust?
... on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees F., at 1,600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt. ...
... on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees F., at 1,600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt. ...
Presnall, D. C. and C. E. Helsley (1982) Diapirism of depleted peridotite - a model for the origin of hot spots, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 29, 148-160.
... It is suggested that depleted diapirs exist with varying amounts of depletion, diameters, upward velocities and source volumes. Such variations could explain the occurrence of hot spots with widely varying lifetimes and rates of lava production. For highly depleted diapirs with very low Fe/Mg, the d ...
... It is suggested that depleted diapirs exist with varying amounts of depletion, diameters, upward velocities and source volumes. Such variations could explain the occurrence of hot spots with widely varying lifetimes and rates of lava production. For highly depleted diapirs with very low Fe/Mg, the d ...
Structure of the Earth Lithosphere System In this lecture we will learn
... The lithosphere consists of the oceanic crust, continental crust, and uppermost mantle. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. This layer, which is also part of the upper mantle, extends to a depth of about 200 kilometers. Sedimentary deposits are commonly found at the boundaries between the ...
... The lithosphere consists of the oceanic crust, continental crust, and uppermost mantle. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. This layer, which is also part of the upper mantle, extends to a depth of about 200 kilometers. Sedimentary deposits are commonly found at the boundaries between the ...
ocean basin floor - Plain Local Schools
... A continental margin is the zone of transition between a continent and the adjacent ocean basin floor. In the Atlantic Ocean, thick layers of undisturbed sediment cover the continental margin. This region has very little volcanic or earthquake activity. ...
... A continental margin is the zone of transition between a continent and the adjacent ocean basin floor. In the Atlantic Ocean, thick layers of undisturbed sediment cover the continental margin. This region has very little volcanic or earthquake activity. ...
Alaska
... A terrane is an assemblage of rocks that were transported far from where they formed and are distinct from surrounding rocks. To show how accreted terranes form, we begin with a generic ocean-continent subduction zone. As sediment is scraped off the top of the subducting oceanic plate, an accretiona ...
... A terrane is an assemblage of rocks that were transported far from where they formed and are distinct from surrounding rocks. To show how accreted terranes form, we begin with a generic ocean-continent subduction zone. As sediment is scraped off the top of the subducting oceanic plate, an accretiona ...
Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle
... The magmas that produce oceanic island volcanism are believed to be generated by a "hotspot" beneath the oceanic lithosphere, in the asthenosphere. This hotspot is caused by the upwelling in the deep mantle (Figure 2-4). In time, this magma migrates through the lithosphere to the surface. Because m ...
... The magmas that produce oceanic island volcanism are believed to be generated by a "hotspot" beneath the oceanic lithosphere, in the asthenosphere. This hotspot is caused by the upwelling in the deep mantle (Figure 2-4). In time, this magma migrates through the lithosphere to the surface. Because m ...
Exam Block #5
... the coastal areas that surround the Atlantic Ocean. They are NOT associated with plate boundaries; therefore, little volcanism and few earthquakes. Features of passive continental margins include: Continental Shelf – submerged part of the continent; however, it was above sea level during the last ...
... the coastal areas that surround the Atlantic Ocean. They are NOT associated with plate boundaries; therefore, little volcanism and few earthquakes. Features of passive continental margins include: Continental Shelf – submerged part of the continent; however, it was above sea level during the last ...
Plate Tectonics
... gap Magma rises from asthenosphere and creates mountains as magma cools Ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge Results in new crust forming at a Rift Valley ...
... gap Magma rises from asthenosphere and creates mountains as magma cools Ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge Results in new crust forming at a Rift Valley ...
Plate Boundaries
... Plate Boundaries: class worksheet; use as a study guide for exam #1 Reading a tectonic map Use the map below to answer the questions. ...
... Plate Boundaries: class worksheet; use as a study guide for exam #1 Reading a tectonic map Use the map below to answer the questions. ...
Chapter Review - Oakman School News
... zone, the lithosphere is denser than it is at a mid-ocean ridge. Convection causes oceanic lithosphere to move away from the mid ocean ridge. Oceanic lithosphere is also higher at a mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. T ...
... zone, the lithosphere is denser than it is at a mid-ocean ridge. Convection causes oceanic lithosphere to move away from the mid ocean ridge. Oceanic lithosphere is also higher at a mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. T ...
S. Peacock (UBC) - Earth and Space Sciences
... • Pore pressures are likely high (~lithostatic), at least where dehydration reactions are taking place. • H2O production rates are relatively small, 100 mL per m2 column per yr • Very low permeabilities are required for significant volumes of H2O to accumulate beneath the slab interface ...
... • Pore pressures are likely high (~lithostatic), at least where dehydration reactions are taking place. • H2O production rates are relatively small, 100 mL per m2 column per yr • Very low permeabilities are required for significant volumes of H2O to accumulate beneath the slab interface ...
Plate Tectonics Powerpoint PDF
... Scientists think that tectonic plates are part of a convection system. Energy generated by Earth’s core and radioactivity ...
... Scientists think that tectonic plates are part of a convection system. Energy generated by Earth’s core and radioactivity ...
Chapter 7 Notes - Wachter Middle School
... a. Convection current = the driving force of plate tectonics in which hot, plastic-like material from the mantle rises to the lithosphere, moves horizontally, cools, and sinks back to the mantle 1. The convection currents provide enough energy to move the plates in the lithosphere b. Ridge Push-proc ...
... a. Convection current = the driving force of plate tectonics in which hot, plastic-like material from the mantle rises to the lithosphere, moves horizontally, cools, and sinks back to the mantle 1. The convection currents provide enough energy to move the plates in the lithosphere b. Ridge Push-proc ...
CIDER 2011 Research Discussion 1
... Volcanic gaps and slab geometry? The effects of Triple junctions on orogens Relationship between magmatism and Eurasian subduction beneath Tibetan plateau. Dynamic vs static support in orogens. Realistic geodynamic models including mantle wedge geometry predicting orogens. Does Moho character correl ...
... Volcanic gaps and slab geometry? The effects of Triple junctions on orogens Relationship between magmatism and Eurasian subduction beneath Tibetan plateau. Dynamic vs static support in orogens. Realistic geodynamic models including mantle wedge geometry predicting orogens. Does Moho character correl ...
Ancient crust rises from the deep
... sulphur-33 is substantially lower than that typically found in Earth’s crust. Although biological processes can generate such an anomaly, they would simultaneously generate abnormally high concentrations of sulphur-34 — which are not present in the Mangaia samples. The most likely source of the sulp ...
... sulphur-33 is substantially lower than that typically found in Earth’s crust. Although biological processes can generate such an anomaly, they would simultaneously generate abnormally high concentrations of sulphur-34 — which are not present in the Mangaia samples. The most likely source of the sulp ...
A narrowly spaced double-seismic zone in the subducting Nazca plate
... magnitudes (ML) between 1.0 and 4.7 (Figure 1). These data, consisting of manually picked P- and S-wave arrival times, were used in a full inversion for 3-D velocity structure and hypocenter locations, revealing a rather complex three-dimensional structure of the downgoing Nazca plate [Rietbrock and ...
... magnitudes (ML) between 1.0 and 4.7 (Figure 1). These data, consisting of manually picked P- and S-wave arrival times, were used in a full inversion for 3-D velocity structure and hypocenter locations, revealing a rather complex three-dimensional structure of the downgoing Nazca plate [Rietbrock and ...
Slide 1
... b. the Earth was about 6000 years old c. there was no evidence to suggest that the Earth was changing d. all rocks on Earth were of the same age ...
... b. the Earth was about 6000 years old c. there was no evidence to suggest that the Earth was changing d. all rocks on Earth were of the same age ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.