Chapter 1: Seismic Wave Attenuation
... In this chapter a brief introduction on seismic wave attenuation is given. A discussion on coda waves and their properties is also included in this chapter. The back scattering model (Aki and Chouet, 1975) is also discussed, which is a way to model coda wave excitation. ...
... In this chapter a brief introduction on seismic wave attenuation is given. A discussion on coda waves and their properties is also included in this chapter. The back scattering model (Aki and Chouet, 1975) is also discussed, which is a way to model coda wave excitation. ...
The GOCE estimated Moho beneath the Tibetan Plateau
... first time to directly invert a large amount of gravitational observations acquired in a uniform mode with high accuracy and resolution (1–2 mgal accuracy at about 100 km resolution in terms of ground gravity anomalies). In this framework, we present a new 3D Moho model beneath the Tibetan Plateau a ...
... first time to directly invert a large amount of gravitational observations acquired in a uniform mode with high accuracy and resolution (1–2 mgal accuracy at about 100 km resolution in terms of ground gravity anomalies). In this framework, we present a new 3D Moho model beneath the Tibetan Plateau a ...
The lithosphere–asthenosphere system beneath Ireland from
... We take Ireland as our demonstration natural laboratory, and deduce the allowable lithospheric thickness of Ireland given knowledge of its topography, geoid height, Bouguer anomalies, crustal structure and thickness. We make reasonable choices of chemical compositions for its lithospheric mantle, an ...
... We take Ireland as our demonstration natural laboratory, and deduce the allowable lithospheric thickness of Ireland given knowledge of its topography, geoid height, Bouguer anomalies, crustal structure and thickness. We make reasonable choices of chemical compositions for its lithospheric mantle, an ...
Seismic velocities, density, porosity, and permeability measured at a
... the saturated samples of cores relative to the corresponding dry samples. The flow of fluids in and mechanical properties of rocks are controlled by the effective pressure and two parameters of rocks, i.e., porosity (/) and permeability (j). The effective pressure, pe, is pc pw where pc and pw are t ...
... the saturated samples of cores relative to the corresponding dry samples. The flow of fluids in and mechanical properties of rocks are controlled by the effective pressure and two parameters of rocks, i.e., porosity (/) and permeability (j). The effective pressure, pe, is pc pw where pc and pw are t ...
Plate Tectonics
... Transparency Activity includes a black-and-white reproducible master of the transparency accompanied by a student worksheet that reviews the concept shown in the transparency. These masters are found in the Transparency Activities section. The teacher material includes Transparency Teaching Tips, a ...
... Transparency Activity includes a black-and-white reproducible master of the transparency accompanied by a student worksheet that reviews the concept shown in the transparency. These masters are found in the Transparency Activities section. The teacher material includes Transparency Teaching Tips, a ...
Durham Research Online
... pore fluid pressure. Different rheological models have been proposed to infer the strength of the lithosphere from these parameters [e.g., Jackson, 2002; Afonso and Ranalli, 2004; Handy and Brun, 2004; Burov, 2011]. Our elusive knowledge of those parameters complicates modelling the continental subdu ...
... pore fluid pressure. Different rheological models have been proposed to infer the strength of the lithosphere from these parameters [e.g., Jackson, 2002; Afonso and Ranalli, 2004; Handy and Brun, 2004; Burov, 2011]. Our elusive knowledge of those parameters complicates modelling the continental subdu ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... maintained by Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau (hereafter called CWB), in order to obtain threedimensional images of body wave attenuation. The results showed high P- and S-wave attenuation at the first 15 km beneath TVG (Q ∼ 90–200) that the authors tentatively interpreted as resulting from a partia ...
... maintained by Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau (hereafter called CWB), in order to obtain threedimensional images of body wave attenuation. The results showed high P- and S-wave attenuation at the first 15 km beneath TVG (Q ∼ 90–200) that the authors tentatively interpreted as resulting from a partia ...
Lecture 19: Mantle Plumes - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... Because the major element chemistry of OIB is often similar to that of MORB, it seems unlikely plumes could be composed entirely of recycled oceanic crust. Presumably, they consist primarily of peridotite, with a subordinate fraction of oceanic crust. However, because the oceanic crust has much high ...
... Because the major element chemistry of OIB is often similar to that of MORB, it seems unlikely plumes could be composed entirely of recycled oceanic crust. Presumably, they consist primarily of peridotite, with a subordinate fraction of oceanic crust. However, because the oceanic crust has much high ...
10. Regional Geophysics and Structural Framework of the
... 45 mm/yr off southern Vancouver Island; the direction is approximately orthogonal to the margin off southern Vancouver Island and about 20° from orthogonal off Washington and Oregon (Riddihough, 1984; Nishimura et al., 1984; DeMets et al., 1990). The North America Plate has been advancing westward o ...
... 45 mm/yr off southern Vancouver Island; the direction is approximately orthogonal to the margin off southern Vancouver Island and about 20° from orthogonal off Washington and Oregon (Riddihough, 1984; Nishimura et al., 1984; DeMets et al., 1990). The North America Plate has been advancing westward o ...
Gulf of Mexico tectonic history: Hotspot tracks, crustal
... zone trends interpreted from magnetic data (Shepherd, 1983; Hall and Najmuddin, 1994), nonrigid tectonic reconstruction (Dunbar and Sawyer, 1987; Marton and Buffler, 1994), and kinematic reconstructions making use of geological constraints, well data, and geophysical data, such as seismic refraction ...
... zone trends interpreted from magnetic data (Shepherd, 1983; Hall and Najmuddin, 1994), nonrigid tectonic reconstruction (Dunbar and Sawyer, 1987; Marton and Buffler, 1994), and kinematic reconstructions making use of geological constraints, well data, and geophysical data, such as seismic refraction ...
Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere
... We review a set of geological and geophysical observations that strongly support a coherent deformation of the entire lithosphere in major intracontinental wrench faults. Tectonic studies of wrench faults eroded down to the middle to lower crust show that, even in cases in which the lower to middle ...
... We review a set of geological and geophysical observations that strongly support a coherent deformation of the entire lithosphere in major intracontinental wrench faults. Tectonic studies of wrench faults eroded down to the middle to lower crust show that, even in cases in which the lower to middle ...
Tail inference for a law in a max
... study of extreme observations is very important, especially in areas such as seismic risk, seismic hazard, insurance, etc. In literature there exist several studies about earthquakes where a distribution function is fitted to the earthquakes magnitudes or its seismic moments. From the proposed laws ...
... study of extreme observations is very important, especially in areas such as seismic risk, seismic hazard, insurance, etc. In literature there exist several studies about earthquakes where a distribution function is fitted to the earthquakes magnitudes or its seismic moments. From the proposed laws ...
Europe from the bottom up: A statistical examination of the central
... Rychert and Shearer, 2009). Moreover, the SRFs are not biased by crustal multiple conversions as are P-to-S receiver functions (PRFs). The S receiver function technique is successful in observing the LAB with high resolution and density and has the potential to gain the same significance for the lowe ...
... Rychert and Shearer, 2009). Moreover, the SRFs are not biased by crustal multiple conversions as are P-to-S receiver functions (PRFs). The S receiver function technique is successful in observing the LAB with high resolution and density and has the potential to gain the same significance for the lowe ...
Thermal thickness of the Earth`s lithosphere: a numerical model
... (1) the depth to the oceanic bottom is 3 km; (2) the total crust thickness is 6.5 km; (3) the mean crust den sity is 2850 kg/m3; (4) the thickness of the mantle lithosphere is 0.85 km; (5) the density of the upper mantle is 3300 kg/m3; and (6) the freeair gravity anomaly is 9.705 × 10–5 m/c2. The ...
... (1) the depth to the oceanic bottom is 3 km; (2) the total crust thickness is 6.5 km; (3) the mean crust den sity is 2850 kg/m3; (4) the thickness of the mantle lithosphere is 0.85 km; (5) the density of the upper mantle is 3300 kg/m3; and (6) the freeair gravity anomaly is 9.705 × 10–5 m/c2. The ...
Crustal Structure at the Continental Margin South of South Africa
... of the EACM project. The traverses cross the ' corner ' of southern Africa, where two continental margins of markedly different origin meet (Scrutton et al. 1974). Facing the Atlantic Ocean is a rifted margin, but facing the Indian Ocean is a 1200 km long margin offset. With this study it is hoped t ...
... of the EACM project. The traverses cross the ' corner ' of southern Africa, where two continental margins of markedly different origin meet (Scrutton et al. 1974). Facing the Atlantic Ocean is a rifted margin, but facing the Indian Ocean is a 1200 km long margin offset. With this study it is hoped t ...
1 Earthquake Hazard Information – Hazard, Risk, Magnitude
... which have larger rupture surfaces, systematically radiate more long-period energy. Thus, for very large earthquakes, body-wave magnitudes badly underestimate true earthquake size; the maximum body-wave magnitudes are about 6.5 - 6.8. In fact, the surface-wave magnitudes underestimate the size of ve ...
... which have larger rupture surfaces, systematically radiate more long-period energy. Thus, for very large earthquakes, body-wave magnitudes badly underestimate true earthquake size; the maximum body-wave magnitudes are about 6.5 - 6.8. In fact, the surface-wave magnitudes underestimate the size of ve ...
Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and
... subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric ...
... subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric ...
Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and partial melting of
... subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric ...
... subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric ...
(a) Continental Margins
... (also Artic Ocean, Antarctica and Indian Ocean). Very little volcanic or earthquake activity is associated with passive margins. (b) active or leading margins: plate boundary located along a continental margin – ocean trenches where there is subduction of oceanic lithosphere – narrow, steep, with vo ...
... (also Artic Ocean, Antarctica and Indian Ocean). Very little volcanic or earthquake activity is associated with passive margins. (b) active or leading margins: plate boundary located along a continental margin – ocean trenches where there is subduction of oceanic lithosphere – narrow, steep, with vo ...
Mantle plumes and dynamics of the Earth interior — towards a new
... been of increasing concern of geologists and geophysicists over the last years, partly because modern seismic methods have been developed: reflection seismic surveys and tomographic experiments. The former method, applied at prolonged recording time, enables obtaining reliable images of tectonic str ...
... been of increasing concern of geologists and geophysicists over the last years, partly because modern seismic methods have been developed: reflection seismic surveys and tomographic experiments. The former method, applied at prolonged recording time, enables obtaining reliable images of tectonic str ...
2. Gravitational Waves - Hanford Observatory
... Goal: pulsar searches using ~1 million clients. Support for Windows, Mac OSX, Linux clients From our own clusters we can get ~ thousands of CPUs. From Einstein@home hope to get order(s) of magnitude more at low cost Great outreach and science education tool Currently : ~160,000 active users correspo ...
... Goal: pulsar searches using ~1 million clients. Support for Windows, Mac OSX, Linux clients From our own clusters we can get ~ thousands of CPUs. From Einstein@home hope to get order(s) of magnitude more at low cost Great outreach and science education tool Currently : ~160,000 active users correspo ...
Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental... during continental break-up in the South China Sea
... Received 10 June 2002; received in revised form 2 September 2002; accepted 19 September 2002 ...
... Received 10 June 2002; received in revised form 2 September 2002; accepted 19 September 2002 ...
Zha, Y., S. C. Webb, S. S. Wei, D. A. Wiens, D. K. Blackman, W
... to ∼95 mm/yr and the distance from the ridge to the volcanic arc increases from about 40 km to 100 km (Zellmer and Taylor, 2001). Crustal thickness decreases from 8–9 km at the central ELSC and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) to 6–7 km at the northern ELSC (Arai and Dunn, 2014; Crawford et al., 2003; Jacobs et ...
... to ∼95 mm/yr and the distance from the ridge to the volcanic arc increases from about 40 km to 100 km (Zellmer and Taylor, 2001). Crustal thickness decreases from 8–9 km at the central ELSC and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) to 6–7 km at the northern ELSC (Arai and Dunn, 2014; Crawford et al., 2003; Jacobs et ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.