Important Notice
... Hudson Bay is a shallow inland sea located in north-central Canada. The underlying lithosphere preserves a complex deformational history that dates back to the Archean. The Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment, HuBLE, is a collaborative initiative aimed at understanding the lithospheric evolution bene ...
... Hudson Bay is a shallow inland sea located in north-central Canada. The underlying lithosphere preserves a complex deformational history that dates back to the Archean. The Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment, HuBLE, is a collaborative initiative aimed at understanding the lithospheric evolution bene ...
crust - National Geographic Society
... Earth’s layers constantly interact with each other, and the crust and upper portion of the mantle are part of a single geologic unit called the lithosphere. The lithosphere’s depth varies, and the Mohorovicic discontinuity (the Moho)—the boundary between the mantle and crust—does not exist at a unif ...
... Earth’s layers constantly interact with each other, and the crust and upper portion of the mantle are part of a single geologic unit called the lithosphere. The lithosphere’s depth varies, and the Mohorovicic discontinuity (the Moho)—the boundary between the mantle and crust—does not exist at a unif ...
Seismic Waves from the Outer and the Inner Core
... hypothesis allowed Jeffreys to obtain travel-time values for PKIKP waves in agreement with those given by observation. Gutenberg in the following years made many studies on this subject. He observed (Gutenberg 1957a) that PKIKP longitudinal waves with periods of about one second which have passed th ...
... hypothesis allowed Jeffreys to obtain travel-time values for PKIKP waves in agreement with those given by observation. Gutenberg in the following years made many studies on this subject. He observed (Gutenberg 1957a) that PKIKP longitudinal waves with periods of about one second which have passed th ...
Slide 1
... rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the regional geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular a ...
... rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the regional geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular a ...
The OIB paradox - Do plumes exist?
... erupted at normal segments of mid-ocean ridges, and this is frequently cited as evidence that the two basalt types originate in different parts of the mantle. The N-MORB source has been depleted (compared to primitive mantle) in those elements that are incompatible in mantle phases, largely through ...
... erupted at normal segments of mid-ocean ridges, and this is frequently cited as evidence that the two basalt types originate in different parts of the mantle. The N-MORB source has been depleted (compared to primitive mantle) in those elements that are incompatible in mantle phases, largely through ...
Earth Sciences for Namibia`s Sustainable Development
... Geo-scientists need better recognition and must be involved in decision making processes Good investment (funding) for Geological Surveys will be returned manyfold in the form of mineral investment, reduction of opportunity costs and improved environmental economics Quality high-resolution airborne ...
... Geo-scientists need better recognition and must be involved in decision making processes Good investment (funding) for Geological Surveys will be returned manyfold in the form of mineral investment, reduction of opportunity costs and improved environmental economics Quality high-resolution airborne ...
Earth Sciences for Namibia`s Sustainable Development
... Geo-scientists need better recognition and must be involved in decision making processes Good investment (funding) for Geological Surveys will be returned manyfold in the form of mineral investment, reduction of opportunity costs and improved environmental economics Quality high-resolution airborne ...
... Geo-scientists need better recognition and must be involved in decision making processes Good investment (funding) for Geological Surveys will be returned manyfold in the form of mineral investment, reduction of opportunity costs and improved environmental economics Quality high-resolution airborne ...
Mantle flow in regions of complex tectonics: Insights from Indonesia
... et al., 2007]. The exact timing of subduction initiation remains unknown; however, evidence suggests that it was not before 45 Ma [Hall, 2009]. Although this subduction zone appears to be continuous along Sumatra and Java, there is a sharp change in several characteristics at the Sunda strait, which ...
... et al., 2007]. The exact timing of subduction initiation remains unknown; however, evidence suggests that it was not before 45 Ma [Hall, 2009]. Although this subduction zone appears to be continuous along Sumatra and Java, there is a sharp change in several characteristics at the Sunda strait, which ...
Project Earth Science: Geology - National Science Teachers
... Activities emphasize the following: The outer part of Earth is composed of plates of rock. These plates move independently on top of a rock layer with different properties called the asthenosphere. Because of their motion, plates interact at their edges causing geological events and features (e.g., ...
... Activities emphasize the following: The outer part of Earth is composed of plates of rock. These plates move independently on top of a rock layer with different properties called the asthenosphere. Because of their motion, plates interact at their edges causing geological events and features (e.g., ...
Continental rifting as a function of lithosphere mantle strength
... thinning is kept in the same narrow region. On the contrary, wide rifts occur when the total force change is positive, so that ongoing thinning tends to spread out to accommodate stretching. Finally, core complexes form when the lower crustal flow dominates, allowed by the low viscosity of both deep ...
... thinning is kept in the same narrow region. On the contrary, wide rifts occur when the total force change is positive, so that ongoing thinning tends to spread out to accommodate stretching. Finally, core complexes form when the lower crustal flow dominates, allowed by the low viscosity of both deep ...
Constructing new seismograms from old earthquakes: Retrospective
... subsequent seismic activity in the area. Using a backbone array of seismometers that did record the earthquake energy, in principle one can spatially and temporally redatum the energy fluctuations from the main event onto the set of temporary seismometers. Curtis et al. [2012] demonstrated this idea ...
... subsequent seismic activity in the area. Using a backbone array of seismometers that did record the earthquake energy, in principle one can spatially and temporally redatum the energy fluctuations from the main event onto the set of temporary seismometers. Curtis et al. [2012] demonstrated this idea ...
Inversion of massive surface wave data sets: Model - HAL-Insu
... considered [Montagner, 1986]. For large data sets it is expected that the first condition is fulfilled when Lcorr corresponds to the wavelength of the considered period, and one might argue that the choice of Lcorr is more physically based than choosing damping parameters in an iterative inversion s ...
... considered [Montagner, 1986]. For large data sets it is expected that the first condition is fulfilled when Lcorr corresponds to the wavelength of the considered period, and one might argue that the choice of Lcorr is more physically based than choosing damping parameters in an iterative inversion s ...
5. Structure of the Outer Izu-Bonin Forearc from Seismic
... several seamounts on the inner trench slope and the depositional pattern of the sediment flanking these features to develop a model for the timing and mode of formation of these seamounts. The Izu-Bonin arc marks an intraoceanic convergent plate boundary where the Pacific Plate is being subducted be ...
... several seamounts on the inner trench slope and the depositional pattern of the sediment flanking these features to develop a model for the timing and mode of formation of these seamounts. The Izu-Bonin arc marks an intraoceanic convergent plate boundary where the Pacific Plate is being subducted be ...
CHAPTER 13 Denudation, weathering and mass wasting
... sequence, in a tropical/equatorial marine and marine-margin environment under active crustal extension. The juxtaposition of both terranes next to each was brought about through random tectonic plate reorganization since their individual formation. The website Case Study for Chapter 12 showed how th ...
... sequence, in a tropical/equatorial marine and marine-margin environment under active crustal extension. The juxtaposition of both terranes next to each was brought about through random tectonic plate reorganization since their individual formation. The website Case Study for Chapter 12 showed how th ...
empirical correlation between the shear
... the shear modulus (GMAX or Go) and the Young’s modulus (Eo and Er) were estimated. The main aim of this paper is not to give an empirical correlation between VS - NDPH as a substitute for seismic measurements, but to show a reliable way of comparing two different experimental approaches at low strai ...
... the shear modulus (GMAX or Go) and the Young’s modulus (Eo and Er) were estimated. The main aim of this paper is not to give an empirical correlation between VS - NDPH as a substitute for seismic measurements, but to show a reliable way of comparing two different experimental approaches at low strai ...
The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
... many meters. The size of an earthquake is not only a function of the amount of displacement but also the area of the fault plane that ruptures. Hence the larger the rupture area, the larger is the earthquake. A magnitude 7 earthquake ruptures a fault area of about 1000 km2 or about 50 km long and 20 ...
... many meters. The size of an earthquake is not only a function of the amount of displacement but also the area of the fault plane that ruptures. Hence the larger the rupture area, the larger is the earthquake. A magnitude 7 earthquake ruptures a fault area of about 1000 km2 or about 50 km long and 20 ...
The Earth`s Shells, A. Thicknesses and Densities
... density as the simple average of the shell densities. The mantle is much larger than the crust, for example, and so the density of the mantle contributes much more to the density of the earth than the density of the crust does. Going into the calculation, we do not know either the thickness of the f ...
... density as the simple average of the shell densities. The mantle is much larger than the crust, for example, and so the density of the mantle contributes much more to the density of the earth than the density of the crust does. Going into the calculation, we do not know either the thickness of the f ...
Ding Dong Earth
... Place the Ding Dong on the paper towel. Use the knife to carefully cut it in half. Describe what the Ding Dong looks like on the inside. Draw a detailed diagram of how it looks. DATA TABLE: The Ding Dong looks like . . .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ...
... Place the Ding Dong on the paper towel. Use the knife to carefully cut it in half. Describe what the Ding Dong looks like on the inside. Draw a detailed diagram of how it looks. DATA TABLE: The Ding Dong looks like . . .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ...
The Mantle and its Products
... Because it is impossible to obtain samples of the mantle directly, Earth scientists have to resort to a variety of methods to evaluate both its mineralogy and chemical composition. Using chemical data obtained from meteorites (especially the group of meteorites known as “chondrites”) it is possible ...
... Because it is impossible to obtain samples of the mantle directly, Earth scientists have to resort to a variety of methods to evaluate both its mineralogy and chemical composition. Using chemical data obtained from meteorites (especially the group of meteorites known as “chondrites”) it is possible ...
ag 2211 applied geology
... Plate has collided with the Eurasian Plate to form the Himalaya Mountains. Transform Boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another horizontally. The San Andreas Fault, in California is a transform fault. Plate tectonics explains why earthquakes occur where they do, why volcanoes occur whe ...
... Plate has collided with the Eurasian Plate to form the Himalaya Mountains. Transform Boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another horizontally. The San Andreas Fault, in California is a transform fault. Plate tectonics explains why earthquakes occur where they do, why volcanoes occur whe ...
Plate Tectonics: This works as a result of hot mantle asthenosphere
... because the basaltic component of the slab (now eclogite) is ca. 0.2 0.1 g/cc more dense than the enclosing host pyrolite to depths of 650 km, and exerts a strong ’slab-pull’ force at subduction zones. The harzburgite part of the plate may also be slightly more dense initially because it is cold, bu ...
... because the basaltic component of the slab (now eclogite) is ca. 0.2 0.1 g/cc more dense than the enclosing host pyrolite to depths of 650 km, and exerts a strong ’slab-pull’ force at subduction zones. The harzburgite part of the plate may also be slightly more dense initially because it is cold, bu ...
Measuring the Magnitude of an Earthquake
... The scale was developed in Southern California. The conditions in the rest of the world may not be the same as they are in California. ...
... The scale was developed in Southern California. The conditions in the rest of the world may not be the same as they are in California. ...
Subduction Interface Processes (SIP)
... discussions by addressing some following fundamental questions such as: What controls the size, location, physical limits, frequency and behaviour of earthquake ruptures along the inter-plate boundary? How are stresses and energy release, via earthquakes and fluid-mediated mass transfer, focused ...
... discussions by addressing some following fundamental questions such as: What controls the size, location, physical limits, frequency and behaviour of earthquake ruptures along the inter-plate boundary? How are stresses and energy release, via earthquakes and fluid-mediated mass transfer, focused ...
The Southern Sierra Nevada Drip and the Mantle Wind Direction
... The Miocene–Pliocene convective removal of the southern Sierra Nevada batholithic root and its sinking through the upper mantle provides a natural experiment to estimate the direction and velocity of mantle flow beneath the southwestern United States. Xenolith data, volcanism patterns, and geologic ...
... The Miocene–Pliocene convective removal of the southern Sierra Nevada batholithic root and its sinking through the upper mantle provides a natural experiment to estimate the direction and velocity of mantle flow beneath the southwestern United States. Xenolith data, volcanism patterns, and geologic ...
Master`s Thesis Template
... perpendicular to that containing the previously defined blue circle will contain one whose radius is maximum, which defines the magnitude of the minimum curvature, |kmin|≡1/Rmax (in red). Anticlinal features have positive values of kmax, and synclinal features have negative values of kmax (After Mai ...
... perpendicular to that containing the previously defined blue circle will contain one whose radius is maximum, which defines the magnitude of the minimum curvature, |kmin|≡1/Rmax (in red). Anticlinal features have positive values of kmax, and synclinal features have negative values of kmax (After Mai ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.