Opium Poppy - thblack.com
... Many alkaloids have been identified in opium latex (opiates) - maybe as many as 50 Morphine and codeine most important Morphine first alkaloid identified from any plant in 1806 and the pain relieving properties soon recognized Morphine (like raw opium) is strongly addictive and because of this its g ...
... Many alkaloids have been identified in opium latex (opiates) - maybe as many as 50 Morphine and codeine most important Morphine first alkaloid identified from any plant in 1806 and the pain relieving properties soon recognized Morphine (like raw opium) is strongly addictive and because of this its g ...
Nerve Impulse Transmission
... Transmission at the Synapse • There is a tiny gap between the synaptic knobs of one neuron and the dendrites of the next one. • This gap is called the synapse or synaptic cleft. • The nerve impulse needs to cross this gap and it does so by the release of special chemicals called neurotransmitters. ...
... Transmission at the Synapse • There is a tiny gap between the synaptic knobs of one neuron and the dendrites of the next one. • This gap is called the synapse or synaptic cleft. • The nerve impulse needs to cross this gap and it does so by the release of special chemicals called neurotransmitters. ...
Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders
... Increase in extracellular K+ and accumulation of Ca2+ in presynaptic terminals also causes recruitment of more neurons Type, number and distribution of voltage- and ligand-gated channels ...
... Increase in extracellular K+ and accumulation of Ca2+ in presynaptic terminals also causes recruitment of more neurons Type, number and distribution of voltage- and ligand-gated channels ...
Receptor Cell Biology: Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
... coated pits (21, 22). However, only those receptor proteins mediating endocytosis are "trapped" via specific signals in the cytoplasmic tail which interact with structural components of the coated pit (see below). Coated pits. The coated pit is the cellular machinery for ligand-receptor internalizat ...
... coated pits (21, 22). However, only those receptor proteins mediating endocytosis are "trapped" via specific signals in the cytoplasmic tail which interact with structural components of the coated pit (see below). Coated pits. The coated pit is the cellular machinery for ligand-receptor internalizat ...
11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Channel-Linked (Ionotropic) Receptors • Ligand-gated ion channels • Action is immediate and brief • Excitatory receptors are channels for small cations ...
... Channel-Linked (Ionotropic) Receptors • Ligand-gated ion channels • Action is immediate and brief • Excitatory receptors are channels for small cations ...
the electrophysiology of photoreceptors in the nudibranch mollusc
... Two types of phenomena, each infrequently observed in separate receptors, suggested the occurrence of interactions between retinal cells. Two cells showed small irregular fluctuations in the resting membrane potential that were possibly indicative of synaptic activity (Text-fig. 6). These deflexions ...
... Two types of phenomena, each infrequently observed in separate receptors, suggested the occurrence of interactions between retinal cells. Two cells showed small irregular fluctuations in the resting membrane potential that were possibly indicative of synaptic activity (Text-fig. 6). These deflexions ...
Treatment of Cough
... Treatment of Cough 1. Antitussive a. Opioid i. Codeine (methylmorphine) b. Non – opioid i. Dextromethorphan 2. Expectorant a. Guaifenesin 3. Mucolytics a. N – actylcysteine b. Bromhexine c. Ambroxol (active metabolite of Bromhexine) ...
... Treatment of Cough 1. Antitussive a. Opioid i. Codeine (methylmorphine) b. Non – opioid i. Dextromethorphan 2. Expectorant a. Guaifenesin 3. Mucolytics a. N – actylcysteine b. Bromhexine c. Ambroxol (active metabolite of Bromhexine) ...
Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
... • Enzymes in synapse attack and destroy extra NT – Specialized enzymes in the synapse seek out and destroy unused neurotransmitter – Attach and degradate neurotransmitter ...
... • Enzymes in synapse attack and destroy extra NT – Specialized enzymes in the synapse seek out and destroy unused neurotransmitter – Attach and degradate neurotransmitter ...
Opiates and Respiratory Depression - index
... Recently, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices reported that a patient had received a lethal morphine overdose while connected to the Abbott Lifecare 4100 PCA Plus II machine. This machine is easily misprogrammed by caregivers, who must manually enter the PCA parameters, and it needs a more s ...
... Recently, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices reported that a patient had received a lethal morphine overdose while connected to the Abbott Lifecare 4100 PCA Plus II machine. This machine is easily misprogrammed by caregivers, who must manually enter the PCA parameters, and it needs a more s ...
A New pROM King for the MitoKATP Dance
... composition has been limited. The mitoKATP was determined to be both functionally and molecularly distinct from sarcolemmal KATP channels, which have a relatively minimal role in IPC protection and are insensitive to several drugs that affect the mitoKATP.4, 5 Initial studies using immunoreactivity ...
... composition has been limited. The mitoKATP was determined to be both functionally and molecularly distinct from sarcolemmal KATP channels, which have a relatively minimal role in IPC protection and are insensitive to several drugs that affect the mitoKATP.4, 5 Initial studies using immunoreactivity ...
11-CellCommunication
... Evolution of Cell Signaling • The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has two mating types, a and • Cells of different mating types locate each other via secreted factors specific to each type • A signal transduction pathway is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell’s surface is converted int ...
... Evolution of Cell Signaling • The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has two mating types, a and • Cells of different mating types locate each other via secreted factors specific to each type • A signal transduction pathway is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell’s surface is converted int ...
Update on Antidepressants
... Discontinuation syndrome – Severity inversely proportional to half-life ...
... Discontinuation syndrome – Severity inversely proportional to half-life ...
High-dose antipsychotic medication
... extrapyramidal side-effects and hyperprolactinaemia. Inference about the degree of D, receptor block in the basal ganglia from clinical extrapyramidal signs is complicated by the fact that coincidental blockade at acetylcholine and/or serotonin receptors will minimise or abolish the motor effects of ...
... extrapyramidal side-effects and hyperprolactinaemia. Inference about the degree of D, receptor block in the basal ganglia from clinical extrapyramidal signs is complicated by the fact that coincidental blockade at acetylcholine and/or serotonin receptors will minimise or abolish the motor effects of ...
Case Studies in a Physiology Course on the Autonomic Nervous
... mAChRs are introduced with the downstream second messenger cascades attributed to them. Given that the relevant second-messenger cascades have been discussed in detail in the preceding section, the lecture now rather summarises the various subtypes with respect to the cascades involved and leaves mo ...
... mAChRs are introduced with the downstream second messenger cascades attributed to them. Given that the relevant second-messenger cascades have been discussed in detail in the preceding section, the lecture now rather summarises the various subtypes with respect to the cascades involved and leaves mo ...
Action Potential 2
... vasopressin, dopamine) have Gprotein-linked receptors – Effects depend on the signal transduction pathway and cell type ...
... vasopressin, dopamine) have Gprotein-linked receptors – Effects depend on the signal transduction pathway and cell type ...
Full version (PDF file)
... guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (GPCR), ii) ionic channels, and iii) tyrosine-kinases. Binding of hormones or neurotransmitters to the stereo-specific site of receptor molecules located at extracellular side of plasma membrane represents the first step in complicated sequence of molec ...
... guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (GPCR), ii) ionic channels, and iii) tyrosine-kinases. Binding of hormones or neurotransmitters to the stereo-specific site of receptor molecules located at extracellular side of plasma membrane represents the first step in complicated sequence of molec ...
Pharmacological Characterization and Identification of Amino Acids
... (mGlu1 and mGlu5) occurs preferentially via the G-protein G␣q, whereas group II (mGlu2, -3) and group III receptors (mGlu4, -6, -7, and -8) couple with proteins from the G␣i/G␣o family (Conn and Pin, 1997). X-ray crystallography, ligand binding studies, and mutagenesis reports have shown that the la ...
... (mGlu1 and mGlu5) occurs preferentially via the G-protein G␣q, whereas group II (mGlu2, -3) and group III receptors (mGlu4, -6, -7, and -8) couple with proteins from the G␣i/G␣o family (Conn and Pin, 1997). X-ray crystallography, ligand binding studies, and mutagenesis reports have shown that the la ...
Intracellular Modulation of NMDA Receptor Function by
... acute paradigms. Pretreatment (M K 801 or DC S) was for 20 min, after which the rats were treated with antipsychotic drugs. For chronic treatment paradigms of rats, see Table 1. In the acute treatment paradigm, rats were killed 40 min after antipsychotic drug treatment for RNA analysis, and 2 hr aft ...
... acute paradigms. Pretreatment (M K 801 or DC S) was for 20 min, after which the rats were treated with antipsychotic drugs. For chronic treatment paradigms of rats, see Table 1. In the acute treatment paradigm, rats were killed 40 min after antipsychotic drug treatment for RNA analysis, and 2 hr aft ...
Monday, June 20, 2005
... changes in individual neurons, we can study dynamic and spatial alterations in Cl - homeostasis. Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings followed by single-cell RT-PCR enable us to estimate [Cl-]i directly and to identify specific molecules responsible for the changes in Cl - homeostasis and GA ...
... changes in individual neurons, we can study dynamic and spatial alterations in Cl - homeostasis. Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings followed by single-cell RT-PCR enable us to estimate [Cl-]i directly and to identify specific molecules responsible for the changes in Cl - homeostasis and GA ...
Slide 1
... ◦ Marijuana smoke contains many of the same tars and carcinogenic compounds as cigarettes but in greater quantity (more benzopyrene ◦ single mj may be more harmful then because…… ...
... ◦ Marijuana smoke contains many of the same tars and carcinogenic compounds as cigarettes but in greater quantity (more benzopyrene ◦ single mj may be more harmful then because…… ...
An Immortalized Myocyte Cell Line, HL-1, Expresses a Functional
... [Leu5]-enkephalin unless a protease inhibitor cocktail was present in the binding buffer, and the incubation temperature decreased to 4°C (data not shown). It may be that DADLE is similarly sensitive to proteases in HL-1 cells and therefore is partially degraded upon incubation with the membrane fra ...
... [Leu5]-enkephalin unless a protease inhibitor cocktail was present in the binding buffer, and the incubation temperature decreased to 4°C (data not shown). It may be that DADLE is similarly sensitive to proteases in HL-1 cells and therefore is partially degraded upon incubation with the membrane fra ...
uracil nucleotides protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxic stress
... P2X receptors are ligand-gated intrinsic ion channels, and P2Y receptors are G protein– coupled receptors. Methods: Cardiomyocytes grown in culture were treated with UTP (350 uM) before exposing them to hypoxic conditions. Inhibitors of signaling pathway or P2 receptor antagonists, were given before ...
... P2X receptors are ligand-gated intrinsic ion channels, and P2Y receptors are G protein– coupled receptors. Methods: Cardiomyocytes grown in culture were treated with UTP (350 uM) before exposing them to hypoxic conditions. Inhibitors of signaling pathway or P2 receptor antagonists, were given before ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.