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Solid E arth Sciences Section
Solid E arth Sciences Section

What Kind of Rock am I Looking At?
What Kind of Rock am I Looking At?

... against each other. The deeper below the surface of the earth, the higher the temperature, so deep burial also means high temperatures. Another way that high temperatures occur is when magma rises through the earth's upper crust. It is very hot and bakes the rock through which it moves. Hot liquids ...
EQTip01 :: Final
EQTip01 :: Final

... like the convective flow of water when heated in a beaker (Figure 2). The energy for the above circulations is derived from the heat produced from the incessant decay of radioactive elements in the rocks throughout the Earth’s interior. These convection currents result in a circulation of the earth’ ...
Document
Document

... 10. E.ST.06.41 Explain how Earth processes (erosion, mountain building, and glacier movement) are used for the measurement of geologic time through observing rock layers. 11. E.ST.06.42 Describe how fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. 12. E.SE.06 ...
File
File

... Composition (What it is made of) • Earth’s interior is divided into layers: the crust, mantle, & core, based on composition. • Although the Earth’s crust seem stable, the extreme heat of the Earth’s interior causes changes that slowly reshape the surface. ...
Ocean waves that wear away an island`s shoreline
Ocean waves that wear away an island`s shoreline

... 8. Wegner believed the continents had once been joined in one landmass called Pangaea 9. The theory of continental drift states all the continents once were joined as a single supercontinent and have since drifted apart. 10. To support his theory, Alfred Wegener provided evidence from fossils, trace ...
Earth`s Interior Reading Packet 1
Earth`s Interior Reading Packet 1

Wizard Test Maker
Wizard Test Maker

... STUDY GUIDE ...
Crust - Mrs. Bock
Crust - Mrs. Bock

... The crust is composed of two rocks. The continental crust is mostly granite. The oceanic crust is basalt. Basalt is much denser than the granite. Because the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates. ...
Ch 12 Vocabulary - Taylor County Schools
Ch 12 Vocabulary - Taylor County Schools

... dropped-down valley between twin, parallel mountain ranges produced by faulting. ...
Name: _________________________ Period: ______ Date
Name: _________________________ Period: ______ Date

... is able to melt and become magma. It flows toward the surface, where it can erupt through cracks, producing volcanic mountains. Earthquakes- When plates move, great forces are exerted on the rocks of the crust. When the rocks in the crust reach their limit, they break forming faults. 48. What causes ...
Subduction history of the Farallon plate under North America
Subduction history of the Farallon plate under North America

... community •Computational seismology works on improving imaging methods. Other geoscientists care mainly about the images themselves. •Hopefully, tomography results make sense in light of surface studies (geology, tectonics) and mantle convection simulations (geodynamics). •Solutions are non-unique - ...
Earth`s Structure
Earth`s Structure

... ranges, on the two continents also matched up. In _________, Wegener published his book, __________________________________, suggesting that the earth's continents were once joined together in one large mass. He called the original landmass (or supercontinent) "_______________," the Greek word for " ...
(with Death Valley) Geoscience 10: Geology of The National Parks
(with Death Valley) Geoscience 10: Geology of The National Parks

... is at the bottom; volcanoes bring up heat from below; Earth’s heat made mostly by decay of natural radioactive atoms in rocks; How materials (and people!) behave depends on what they are (iron, silica, etc.) and on the conditions they are placed in (heat, pressure); ...
Dating Rock Layers
Dating Rock Layers

... As more time goes by, more rock layers are added on top. Making aging the rock layers difficult. ...
Dating Rock Layers
Dating Rock Layers

... As more time goes by, more rock layers are added on top. Making aging the rock layers difficult. ...
Our Earth
Our Earth

... 6. He proposed that the geological change on Earth was happening today in the same way as it had happened in the past and that most changes are slow and gradual. This is called “uniformitarianism.” In his day it was held out as an alternative catastrophe. Today we accept that geological change happe ...
Dating Rock Layers
Dating Rock Layers

... As more time goes by, more rock layers are added on top. Making aging the rock layers difficult. ...
The Lithosphere
The Lithosphere

... • Earth’s outer shell consists of ________ ______ ...
Lesson-2-WSs-for-Upl..
Lesson-2-WSs-for-Upl..

... The diagram below represents a hard-boiled egg that has been sliced in half. The circle in the middle is the yolk. A hard-boiled egg is considered to be a good model for the structure of Earth’s layers. ...
Lesson 3 For students of Geography, 2 course. Subject: THE EARTH
Lesson 3 For students of Geography, 2 course. Subject: THE EARTH

... The mid-ocean ridges can also be regarded as belts of frequent earthquakes. The shield areas of the continents, on the other hand, are much less affected. Earthquakes originate within the crust as well as the upper mantle, but most begin within 3 miles (5 km) of the surface. The point of origin is t ...
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands

... With a relative motion of 80 mm per year, the total motion will be about 8 m in 100 years (or 80 m in 1000 years). This is not that close to the 12 m of slip that occurred in 1880 and more than 100 years have passed since that time. They might be more concerned in 2025 when the total motion may be ...
Tectonic Plates Quiz
Tectonic Plates Quiz

... a) The oceanic and continental crust only. b) The crust and a layer in the outermost part of the mantle. c) The crust and the asthenosphere. d) The crust and the whole mantle. e) A discrete layer in the mantle immediately below the crust. 3. Volcanoes and earthquakes are found along… a) all of the e ...
3earth layers
3earth layers

... The crust, though, is made of rock that has cooled to a hard outer skin. The continental crust is the crust covered by land. This crust is light in color and is made mostly of granite. Beneath the ocean lies the oceanic crust. This crust is made of basalt. This crust covers more than two-thirds of t ...
What Caused Layers to Form?
What Caused Layers to Form?

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Age of the Earth



The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.
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