Lecture 9b: Upper Mantle Structure and Composition
... knowledge of layering is recent (late 1800s); prior to that, only knew interior must be hot (volcanoes) ...
... knowledge of layering is recent (late 1800s); prior to that, only knew interior must be hot (volcanoes) ...
Plate tectonics, 9-2..
... History of life on earth • 4.6 bya—when it all began (Precambrian) • Earth’s atmosphere changed over time • First organisms were likely prokaryotes (3.4 by old fossils) • Photosynthetic organisms probably evolved next ...
... History of life on earth • 4.6 bya—when it all began (Precambrian) • Earth’s atmosphere changed over time • First organisms were likely prokaryotes (3.4 by old fossils) • Photosynthetic organisms probably evolved next ...
Mineral Exploration :: 3. Mineral deposit models
... position. Palaeontology offers various chronometers in form of various faunal assemblages, from Procaryotes to mammals. The paleontological chronometers, however, work only in fossiliferous sedimentary environments and the databases allow dating for only the last 600 million years. The fossils espec ...
... position. Palaeontology offers various chronometers in form of various faunal assemblages, from Procaryotes to mammals. The paleontological chronometers, however, work only in fossiliferous sedimentary environments and the databases allow dating for only the last 600 million years. The fossils espec ...
History of the Earth [ Stan Hatfield, Ken Pinzke
... • By about 4 billion years after Earth formed, abundant ocean-dwelling organisms that require oxygen existed ...
... • By about 4 billion years after Earth formed, abundant ocean-dwelling organisms that require oxygen existed ...
Document
... Wegener believed that all the continents were at one time joined together approximately 200 million years ago. ...
... Wegener believed that all the continents were at one time joined together approximately 200 million years ago. ...
Plate Tectonic Study Guide 2014-Answer Guide
... --mesosaurus fossil found on different continents- continents were once closer together (too small to swim in the ocean) --tropical plant fossils found in artic regions --coastlines of the continents fit together like puzzle pieces --mountain ranges on different continents lineup --coal found in art ...
... --mesosaurus fossil found on different continents- continents were once closer together (too small to swim in the ocean) --tropical plant fossils found in artic regions --coastlines of the continents fit together like puzzle pieces --mountain ranges on different continents lineup --coal found in art ...
12.2 The Geologic Time Scale
... KEY CONCEPT The geologic time scale divides Earth’s history based on major past events. Tollund Man: • Died about 2200 years ago in what is now Denmark. • Details such as his skin and hair were preserved by the bog in which he was found. ...
... KEY CONCEPT The geologic time scale divides Earth’s history based on major past events. Tollund Man: • Died about 2200 years ago in what is now Denmark. • Details such as his skin and hair were preserved by the bog in which he was found. ...
Objective Recovery Packet Unit 2
... Step 2 (Star 2): You have two options (just pick one!): Draw the rock cycle, including each of the three different types of rock and the forces that drive the rock cycle; OR write a paragraph as if you are a rock, who has lived a long life and been transformed into each different type of rock over t ...
... Step 2 (Star 2): You have two options (just pick one!): Draw the rock cycle, including each of the three different types of rock and the forces that drive the rock cycle; OR write a paragraph as if you are a rock, who has lived a long life and been transformed into each different type of rock over t ...
Lesson: Design and Build a Dual Purpose Tool
... fossilized records of same species of organism along the borders of different continents; similar ancient climate on different continents; the moving magnetic poles of the Earth; and similar sequence of layers of rocks in different regions. • He proposed that the split up of the Pangaea was caused b ...
... fossilized records of same species of organism along the borders of different continents; similar ancient climate on different continents; the moving magnetic poles of the Earth; and similar sequence of layers of rocks in different regions. • He proposed that the split up of the Pangaea was caused b ...
ES Chapter 3 PPT
... • the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere that occurs when CO2, water vapor and other gases absorb and reradiate infrared radiation. • These gases are called greenhouse gases Ex. water vapor, CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide • amounts of CO2 and methane in the atmosphere vary as a result of n ...
... • the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere that occurs when CO2, water vapor and other gases absorb and reradiate infrared radiation. • These gases are called greenhouse gases Ex. water vapor, CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide • amounts of CO2 and methane in the atmosphere vary as a result of n ...
Geology of the Rogue Valley
... Types of Rocks and How They Form Most people think of rocks as solid, non-living bodies that we find beneath our feet. While they do originate from the hardened crust of the earth, they are not static. Instead, they have multiple “lives,” including being buried, melted, extruded from volcanoes, wea ...
... Types of Rocks and How They Form Most people think of rocks as solid, non-living bodies that we find beneath our feet. While they do originate from the hardened crust of the earth, they are not static. Instead, they have multiple “lives,” including being buried, melted, extruded from volcanoes, wea ...
Geology Background booklet
... static. Instead, they have multiple “lives,” including being buried, melted, extruded from volcanoes, weathered and chemically changed over thousands and even millions of years. To understand how rocks are formed and how they are categorized, it is helpful to look at the rock cycle. The rock cycle i ...
... static. Instead, they have multiple “lives,” including being buried, melted, extruded from volcanoes, weathered and chemically changed over thousands and even millions of years. To understand how rocks are formed and how they are categorized, it is helpful to look at the rock cycle. The rock cycle i ...
MINERALS AND ROCKS
... – Hydrothermal metamorphism - chemical alteration of preexisting rocks by hot seawater near seafloor spreading or subduction zones – Fault metamorphism - occurs as rocks grinding past one another create a form of directed pressure, as well as considerable frictional heat – Shock metamorphism - occur ...
... – Hydrothermal metamorphism - chemical alteration of preexisting rocks by hot seawater near seafloor spreading or subduction zones – Fault metamorphism - occurs as rocks grinding past one another create a form of directed pressure, as well as considerable frictional heat – Shock metamorphism - occur ...
Mineral resource
... edge of one or both plates up into a rugged mountain range, and sometimes bends the other down into a deep seafloor trench. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to the boundary, to the mountain range, and to the trench. Powerful earthquakes shake a wide area on both sides of the boundary. • If ...
... edge of one or both plates up into a rugged mountain range, and sometimes bends the other down into a deep seafloor trench. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to the boundary, to the mountain range, and to the trench. Powerful earthquakes shake a wide area on both sides of the boundary. • If ...
Geology 12 - Mr. Gauthier
... (d) none of these 92. Stream erosion and deposition is mainly controlled by its: (a) discharge (b) gradient (c) water velocity (d) all of the above 93. A small stream that flows into a larger one is called a(n): (a) distributaries (b) tributary (c) meander (d) oxbow lake 94. A small stream that leav ...
... (d) none of these 92. Stream erosion and deposition is mainly controlled by its: (a) discharge (b) gradient (c) water velocity (d) all of the above 93. A small stream that flows into a larger one is called a(n): (a) distributaries (b) tributary (c) meander (d) oxbow lake 94. A small stream that leav ...
Shake, Rattle, and Roll the Earth
... • move toward each other (converging boundaries) • move away from each other (divergent boundaries) • move past each other (transform boundaries) ...
... • move toward each other (converging boundaries) • move away from each other (divergent boundaries) • move past each other (transform boundaries) ...
13.7 plate tectonics MH - The University of Texas at Dallas
... plate tectonics: the modern kind that we see today, and an earlier version that lasted from about 2.7 billion to 700 million years ago. Evidence for the earlier style, he says, comes from minerals that are typical of higher-temperature, lower-pressure environments; these suggest a hotter Earth where ...
... plate tectonics: the modern kind that we see today, and an earlier version that lasted from about 2.7 billion to 700 million years ago. Evidence for the earlier style, he says, comes from minerals that are typical of higher-temperature, lower-pressure environments; these suggest a hotter Earth where ...
Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Convection and
... barrier the descending motion of subducting slabs across the depth. In the absence of the viscosity jump (Fig. 2a), the tip of the cold slab descends across the phase boundary at 660 km depth, and almost reaches to the bottom surface of the computational domain (1320 km depth). However, with increas ...
... barrier the descending motion of subducting slabs across the depth. In the absence of the viscosity jump (Fig. 2a), the tip of the cold slab descends across the phase boundary at 660 km depth, and almost reaches to the bottom surface of the computational domain (1320 km depth). However, with increas ...
plate boundaries.
... Pacific Ring of Fire Volcanism is mostly focused at ________ margins Volcanoes are formed by: Subduction - Rifting - Hotspots The tectonic plate ______ over a fixed _______ forming a chain of volcanoes. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics… What’s the connection? ...
... Pacific Ring of Fire Volcanism is mostly focused at ________ margins Volcanoes are formed by: Subduction - Rifting - Hotspots The tectonic plate ______ over a fixed _______ forming a chain of volcanoes. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics… What’s the connection? ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.