Chap. 8 Weathering & Soil Formation
... principle of uniformitarianism states that the same processes that operate today operated in the past. The type of weathering in which rocks are physically broken down into smaller pieces is called mechanical weathering (physical process). The causes of mechanical weathering include freezing, th ...
... principle of uniformitarianism states that the same processes that operate today operated in the past. The type of weathering in which rocks are physically broken down into smaller pieces is called mechanical weathering (physical process). The causes of mechanical weathering include freezing, th ...
Topic 4 – Waves and the Earth
... Movements inside the Earth, such as earthquakes, cause waves to be transmitted through the Earth – these are called seismic waves When seismic waves reach the surface of the Earth, the ground shakes Seismometers are instruments that can detect seismic waves, helping scientists to model the structure ...
... Movements inside the Earth, such as earthquakes, cause waves to be transmitted through the Earth – these are called seismic waves When seismic waves reach the surface of the Earth, the ground shakes Seismometers are instruments that can detect seismic waves, helping scientists to model the structure ...
Metamorphic Rocks - Leigh
... b. within large lava flows c. on mountaintops that have horizontal layers containing marine fossils d. as a thin surface layer covering huge areas of the Continents 2. What is the main difference between metamorphic rocks and most other rocks? a. Many metamorphic rocks contain a high amount of oxygen ...
... b. within large lava flows c. on mountaintops that have horizontal layers containing marine fossils d. as a thin surface layer covering huge areas of the Continents 2. What is the main difference between metamorphic rocks and most other rocks? a. Many metamorphic rocks contain a high amount of oxygen ...
Topic 4 notes - WordPress.com
... Movements inside the Earth, such as earthquakes, cause waves to be transmitted through the Earth – these are called seismic waves When seismic waves reach the surface of the Earth, the ground shakes Seismometers are instruments that can detect seismic waves, helping scientists to model the structure ...
... Movements inside the Earth, such as earthquakes, cause waves to be transmitted through the Earth – these are called seismic waves When seismic waves reach the surface of the Earth, the ground shakes Seismometers are instruments that can detect seismic waves, helping scientists to model the structure ...
9-19 Sea Floor Spreading.notebook
... a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added • As a result, the ocean floors move like conveyor belts, carrying the continents along with them ...
... a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added • As a result, the ocean floors move like conveyor belts, carrying the continents along with them ...
Earth-and-plate-tectonics PowerPoint
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features. • The word, tectonic, re ...
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features. • The word, tectonic, re ...
M.Sc. App. Geology - Pondicherry University
... Unit-1: Concept of force and stress. Normal stress and shear Stress. Stress components. Hydrostatic and deviatoric stresses. Concept of strain. Nature of strain. Pure shear and simple shear. Concept of strain ellipsoid. Behaviour of materials under stress. Concept of deformation. Elastic and plastic ...
... Unit-1: Concept of force and stress. Normal stress and shear Stress. Stress components. Hydrostatic and deviatoric stresses. Concept of strain. Nature of strain. Pure shear and simple shear. Concept of strain ellipsoid. Behaviour of materials under stress. Concept of deformation. Elastic and plastic ...
Sedimentary Rocks
... loose sediment into stone. 1. Compaction – as sediments accumulate through time, the weight of the overlying material compresses the deeper sediments until they harden. 2. Cementation – cementing material through time precipitate on to the sediment, filling the spaces and joining the particles, Calc ...
... loose sediment into stone. 1. Compaction – as sediments accumulate through time, the weight of the overlying material compresses the deeper sediments until they harden. 2. Cementation – cementing material through time precipitate on to the sediment, filling the spaces and joining the particles, Calc ...
Earthquakes
... SA? Explain how we know where the mantle ends and the core begins? How do we know the elemental make up in each layer? ...
... SA? Explain how we know where the mantle ends and the core begins? How do we know the elemental make up in each layer? ...
Isotope Geochemistry of the Continents
... Schematic cross section of convergent, collisional, and extensional plate boundaries associated with supercontinent cycle showing estimated amounts (in km3 yr−1) of continental addition (numbers in blue above Earth surface) and removal (numbers in red ...
... Schematic cross section of convergent, collisional, and extensional plate boundaries associated with supercontinent cycle showing estimated amounts (in km3 yr−1) of continental addition (numbers in blue above Earth surface) and removal (numbers in red ...
Plate Tectonics
... 2. The fossils Glossopteris and Mesosaurus are two fossils that are found on different continents. 3. Climate clues like glacier tracks and fossils of plants in Arctic regions support that continents have moved. 4. Rocks and mountain ranges on different continents match. ...
... 2. The fossils Glossopteris and Mesosaurus are two fossils that are found on different continents. 3. Climate clues like glacier tracks and fossils of plants in Arctic regions support that continents have moved. 4. Rocks and mountain ranges on different continents match. ...
fission - cloudfront.net
... 29. Why is the Hubble Telescope able to see clearer images than the ones on mountains on the Earth? No Interference from the atmosphere 30. Which type of telescope would be best to look at the moons of Jupiter? ...
... 29. Why is the Hubble Telescope able to see clearer images than the ones on mountains on the Earth? No Interference from the atmosphere 30. Which type of telescope would be best to look at the moons of Jupiter? ...
Density of Minerals and Rocks
... 3. Share your results with the rest of the class, then calculate and record the averages for each specimen. 4. Discuss possible sources of error. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __ ...
... 3. Share your results with the rest of the class, then calculate and record the averages for each specimen. 4. Discuss possible sources of error. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __ ...
Mantle Convection and Structure
... geologic process could enrich or re-enrich the mantle in the incompatible elements removed by melting? The answer is ultimately obvious - you have to introduce melts into the mantle. But how? ...
... geologic process could enrich or re-enrich the mantle in the incompatible elements removed by melting? The answer is ultimately obvious - you have to introduce melts into the mantle. But how? ...
Document
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features. • The word, tectonic, re ...
... • The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. • This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features. • The word, tectonic, re ...
EarthComm_c2s6_185-197
... by which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits particles. In the process, energy is released.) This provided further evidence against cooling. Heat from radioactive decay in Earth would work against the cooling and contraction process. According to Wegener, there was a huge supercontinent called Pang ...
... by which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits particles. In the process, energy is released.) This provided further evidence against cooling. Heat from radioactive decay in Earth would work against the cooling and contraction process. According to Wegener, there was a huge supercontinent called Pang ...
Study Guide for Plate Tectonics
... BOUNDARIES: Once scientists began to look at places in the Earth’s crust that were spreading apart, they soon realized that there were other places where the Earth’s crust was moving in different directions. The Earth’s crust is broken into huge pieces called “plates”. The plates can move apart, ...
... BOUNDARIES: Once scientists began to look at places in the Earth’s crust that were spreading apart, they soon realized that there were other places where the Earth’s crust was moving in different directions. The Earth’s crust is broken into huge pieces called “plates”. The plates can move apart, ...
Chapter 7
... Thermal Plumes • Thermal plumes do not all produce triple junctions. • Hot spots are present across the globe. If the lava from the thermal plume makes its way to the surface, volcanic activity may result. • As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot (at a rate as high as 10 cm per year), a chain of ...
... Thermal Plumes • Thermal plumes do not all produce triple junctions. • Hot spots are present across the globe. If the lava from the thermal plume makes its way to the surface, volcanic activity may result. • As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot (at a rate as high as 10 cm per year), a chain of ...
Continental Drift
... • In 1915, he proposed his hypothesis of Continental Drift. • Continental Drift – the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent called Pangaea. • He hypothesized that over the last 200 million years the continents broke apart and drifted slowly to their positions today. ...
... • In 1915, he proposed his hypothesis of Continental Drift. • Continental Drift – the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent called Pangaea. • He hypothesized that over the last 200 million years the continents broke apart and drifted slowly to their positions today. ...
Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics Notes
... • In 1915, he proposed his hypothesis of Continental Drift. • Continental Drift – the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent called Pangaea. • He hypothesized that over the last 200 million years the continents broke apart and drifted slowly to their positions today. ...
... • In 1915, he proposed his hypothesis of Continental Drift. • Continental Drift – the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent called Pangaea. • He hypothesized that over the last 200 million years the continents broke apart and drifted slowly to their positions today. ...
Pangaea
... Some Future Consequences of Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is still an active process, and will drastically reshape the face of the Earth over the next 50 million years or so. A few consequences off plate ...
... Some Future Consequences of Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is still an active process, and will drastically reshape the face of the Earth over the next 50 million years or so. A few consequences off plate ...
Review for Exam 1
... in this way will make it a lot easier to use them properly when answering questions on exams. When you are attempting to answer questions from this guide, keep in mind that most questions require thought and comprehension; simple memorization will usually not be enough. Use your text and class notes ...
... in this way will make it a lot easier to use them properly when answering questions on exams. When you are attempting to answer questions from this guide, keep in mind that most questions require thought and comprehension; simple memorization will usually not be enough. Use your text and class notes ...
theme 5: the deeper earth
... noble gases, the Earth' s heat production and flow, all suggest at least two large separate mantle reservoirs. One is depleted of incompatible elements (such as U and Th) compared to initial mantle composition; the other is enriched in incompatible elements and possibly, part of primordial mantle co ...
... noble gases, the Earth' s heat production and flow, all suggest at least two large separate mantle reservoirs. One is depleted of incompatible elements (such as U and Th) compared to initial mantle composition; the other is enriched in incompatible elements and possibly, part of primordial mantle co ...
summary notes on minerals, rocks
... Mineral - any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with distinct physical and chemical properties Facts about minerals: All minerals are composed of elements a. element - a substance made up of only one type of atom - a pure substance b. there are over 100 types of elements on Earth - only a few are ...
... Mineral - any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with distinct physical and chemical properties Facts about minerals: All minerals are composed of elements a. element - a substance made up of only one type of atom - a pure substance b. there are over 100 types of elements on Earth - only a few are ...
Notes for plate tectonics unit
... Intrusive igneous rock forms from cooling magma below the earth’s surface. Because it cools very slowly, it has coarse-grained texture and large, irregular crystals. Extrusive igneous rock is formed from lava above the surface. It cools quickly, so it has small crystals or no crystals. Its texture d ...
... Intrusive igneous rock forms from cooling magma below the earth’s surface. Because it cools very slowly, it has coarse-grained texture and large, irregular crystals. Extrusive igneous rock is formed from lava above the surface. It cools quickly, so it has small crystals or no crystals. Its texture d ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.