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4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67)
4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67)

... How fast is the spreading rate at this ridge? ________ cm/year How many tectonic plates are there? _______________ These plates consist of brittle crust and upper mantle, (called the ____________________) floating around on an underlying weak and ductile layer called the __________________. The curr ...
Chapter 15 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources “It`s A
Chapter 15 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources “It`s A

... crust contains igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that are recycled by the rock cycle. 1. Rock is a solid combination of one or more minerals. 2. An ore is a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral (often a metal) that the rock can be mined and processed to e ...
Word format
Word format

... How fast is the spreading rate at this ridge? ________ cm/year How many tectonic plates are there? _______________ These plates consist of brittle crust and upper mantle, (called the ____________________) floating around on an underlying weak and ductile layer called the __________________. The curr ...
Transitional I-S type characteristics in the Main Range Granite of
Transitional I-S type characteristics in the Main Range Granite of

... Bentong‒Raub suture zone was previously regarded exclusively as S–type granite. Among the S-type characteristics of the granite are, (a) high initial 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio > 0.710, (b) low Na2O content, < 3.2% Na2O in rocks with ~ 5% K2O, (c) narrow range of felsic rock (SiO2: 65.95 to 77.4%), (d) ...
Classification of rare earth deposit and occurrence types
Classification of rare earth deposit and occurrence types

... examples. They believe that this creates a more robust classification scheme than those late ones, though noting that this classification as all classifications relies on the amount of information available; further information may change the classification type, as the case of the Bayan Obo REE dep ...
New insights into volcanic activity on the ocean floor
New insights into volcanic activity on the ocean floor

Obj - davis.k12.ut.us
Obj - davis.k12.ut.us

... which causes: 1. rift valley – the crust reaches elastic limit and breaks creating two new edges which move away, causing the middle portion to fall, 2. depression – the crust stretches but does not reach elastic limit and break, 3. ocean ridges – from seafloor spreading. 3. Transform boundary – the ...
Tectonic Landforms
Tectonic Landforms

... They have a thick crust and deep lithospheric roots that extend as much as several hundred km into the mantle. ...
Plates, earthquakes and volcanoes Test
Plates, earthquakes and volcanoes Test

... The heaviest material is at the outside of the Earth The heaviest material is in the middle The temperature at the middle is about 5500°C The temperature at the middle is about 100°C The distance of the journey to the centre of the Earth is about 6380km The distance to the centre of the Earth is abo ...
Folded Mountains
Folded Mountains

... Recognizing Faults  Some faults are only a few meters long, while other are several hundred meters.  Faults cause rock layers to become offset.  Also grooves, striations, or polished surfaces called slickenslides show where rocks have moved.  Fault offset is obvious along faults that break surf ...
IgPetLab6
IgPetLab6

... 6. Describe the likely crystallization history of the Dash Dyke as inferred from the zonation that it exhibits. How does the crystallization history of the dyke as a whole compare to the crystallization sequence seen within individual samples of the dyke’s interior. How might this discrepancy be exp ...
test guide science subtest iii: earth and planetary
test guide science subtest iii: earth and planetary

... stars, atomic nuclei fuse to form new elements. The fusion of hydrogen atoms first creates helium, which then fuses to form carbon and oxygen, which in turn may form silicon, iron, and eventually the very heaviest elements. Scientists postulate that all the known elements in the universe are generat ...
The complicated birth of a volcano: Researchers unravel
The complicated birth of a volcano: Researchers unravel

MMS Science 6 Sequencing Map
MMS Science 6 Sequencing Map

... P.EN.06.41 Explain how different forms of energy can be transferred from one place to another by radiation, conduction, or convection. P.EN.06.42 Illustrate how energy can be transferred while no energy is lost or gained in the transfer. Earth in Space/Time E.ST.06.31 Explain how rocks and fossils a ...
Lab 2
Lab 2

... In the piedmont and mountain land regions of North Carolina, parent materials change when the rock type changes. Coastal Plain soils are formed from weathered and eroded rock particles that are moved by water and maybe alluvial or marine sediments. These sediments have similar minerals, so parent ma ...
Diapositiva 1
Diapositiva 1

... Magma (very hot masses of molten minerals) rises up slowly through the lithosphere towards the Earth’s surface. ...
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
The Theory of Plate Tectonics

... the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates. • Earth’s surface is broken into many jagged pieces. The surface is like the shell of a hard-boiled egg that has been dropped. The pieces of Earth’s surface are called plates. Plates carry continents, ocean floors, or both. • The theory of p ...
There are 3 types of faults 1 Normal Faults
There are 3 types of faults 1 Normal Faults

... Mountain building • Folds are bends in rock that form when compression forces are present. • Collision of plate boundaries can cause folded mountains. • These collisions can lead to earthquakes due to faults produced. • The Himalayas and the Alps ...
Document
Document

... currents cools and sinks deeper into the mantle. • Scientist think that the downward movement may provide the force that causes the subduction of plates carrying oceanic crust. ...
Practice Quiz 2 ANSWERS
Practice Quiz 2 ANSWERS

... A limestone B evaporites C coal D chert How is coal different from other biochemical sedimentary rocks? A Coal is formed from the fossilized remains of plant material, whereas limestone is formed with calcium carbonate. B Coal is formed from marine animals, whereas limestone is formed from the fossi ...
Name: : Earth Science Mr. Herman Exeter SHS Chapter 10.3
Name: : Earth Science Mr. Herman Exeter SHS Chapter 10.3

... Sills and Laccoliths are plutons that form when magma is intruded close to the surface.  Sills resemble buried lava flows and may exhibit columnar joints.  Laccoliths are lens-shaped masses that arch overlying strata upward. ...
Conduits Into Earth’s Inaccessible Interior
Conduits Into Earth’s Inaccessible Interior

... plumes (as measured by total volcanic output over the millennia) and by far the most intensively studied by geochemists. ...
Micro-Raman study of Precambrian Permineralized Cells from the
Micro-Raman study of Precambrian Permineralized Cells from the

... For me, an analogue is something terrestrial presenting characteristics more or less representative of something extra-terrestrial. ...
Types of Seismic Waves
Types of Seismic Waves

...  In many earthquake-prone areas, buildings are destroyed as the ground beneath them shakes. The most severe damage stone, concrete, or other brittle building materials. ...
Grade: 3rd Activity #: 1 Activity Title: Studying Rocks and Minerals
Grade: 3rd Activity #: 1 Activity Title: Studying Rocks and Minerals

... Minerals must occur naturally. This means man-made substances such as steel would not be considered to be minerals. Inorganic substances are those substances that are not living and are not formed by living processes. Minerals will have definite chemical compositions, but these compositions may vary ...
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Age of the Earth



The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.
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