Structure of the plasma membrane T2T
... The portions of an integral membrane protein found inside the membrane are hydrophobic, while those that are exposed to the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid tend to be hydrophilic. Transmembrane proteins may cross the membrane just once, or may have as many as twelve different membrane-spanning sect ...
... The portions of an integral membrane protein found inside the membrane are hydrophobic, while those that are exposed to the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid tend to be hydrophilic. Transmembrane proteins may cross the membrane just once, or may have as many as twelve different membrane-spanning sect ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase occurs via a
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
NMR Analysis of Protein
... • Assigned 2D 1H-15N HSQC NMR Spectra overlay spectra in presence/absence of ligand changes in peak position indicate binding identity of peaks that change identifies binding site on protein surface if a defined residue cluster is not observed non-specific binding if a majority of the peak ...
... • Assigned 2D 1H-15N HSQC NMR Spectra overlay spectra in presence/absence of ligand changes in peak position indicate binding identity of peaks that change identifies binding site on protein surface if a defined residue cluster is not observed non-specific binding if a majority of the peak ...
DNA, RNA, Protein Structure Prediction
... PROSITE12 is a database of protein families and domains. It consists of biologically significant sites, patterns and profiles that help to reliably identify to which known protein family (if any) a new sequence belongs. It is based on the observation that, while there is a huge number of different p ...
... PROSITE12 is a database of protein families and domains. It consists of biologically significant sites, patterns and profiles that help to reliably identify to which known protein family (if any) a new sequence belongs. It is based on the observation that, while there is a huge number of different p ...
Molecular Reaction Mechanisms of Proteins
... Asp85 in the L to M transition. Simultaneously a proton is released from a protonated H-bonded network spanned by internal water molecules to the extracellular site. This network is controlled by Arg 82, Glu204 and Glu194. Asp85 reprotonates the network in the O to BR reaction. The Schiff base is or ...
... Asp85 in the L to M transition. Simultaneously a proton is released from a protonated H-bonded network spanned by internal water molecules to the extracellular site. This network is controlled by Arg 82, Glu204 and Glu194. Asp85 reprotonates the network in the O to BR reaction. The Schiff base is or ...
Process Biochemistry
... Another important result is the insignificant differences among diverse ways of storing the raw protein materials, which contradicts the common belief that freezing has negative effects on the solubility of the proteins from raw materials collected for industrial processing [24]. Our results agree wi ...
... Another important result is the insignificant differences among diverse ways of storing the raw protein materials, which contradicts the common belief that freezing has negative effects on the solubility of the proteins from raw materials collected for industrial processing [24]. Our results agree wi ...
Trichohyalin, an Intermediate Filament
... In earlier studies, S-carboxymethyl-modified keratins were separated from the arginine-rich trichohyalin fraction by ionexchange chromatography. This fraction, designated TR-PPT by Rogers et al. (34), yielded several bands on pH 2.7 and SDS acrylamide gels (Fig. 1), and because of this complexity, t ...
... In earlier studies, S-carboxymethyl-modified keratins were separated from the arginine-rich trichohyalin fraction by ionexchange chromatography. This fraction, designated TR-PPT by Rogers et al. (34), yielded several bands on pH 2.7 and SDS acrylamide gels (Fig. 1), and because of this complexity, t ...
- The Pawson Lab
... Preparation of Xenopus Embryos, Synthetic RNA, Lineage Trace, and Animal Cap Explants Embryos were obtained by artificial insemination after induction of females with 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Capped mRNA was made using the SP6 mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Aust ...
... Preparation of Xenopus Embryos, Synthetic RNA, Lineage Trace, and Animal Cap Explants Embryos were obtained by artificial insemination after induction of females with 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Capped mRNA was made using the SP6 mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Aust ...
Stanford Presentation, 10/23/2001
... The practical problem of side chain modeling [M07] • The way we deal today with the problem of protein structure prediction is very different from the way nature deals with it. • Due to technical issues such as computation time we are usually forced to accept a fixed backbone and only then put the ...
... The practical problem of side chain modeling [M07] • The way we deal today with the problem of protein structure prediction is very different from the way nature deals with it. • Due to technical issues such as computation time we are usually forced to accept a fixed backbone and only then put the ...
Localization of Leptin Binding Domain in the Leptin Receptor
... Sequence analysis of OB-Rb indicated that it is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family; this family includes GH-R, EPO-R, interleukin-6 receptor, and GCSF-R. The extracellular region of these receptors are characterized by the presence of multiple domains, including CK, C2, and F3 (Fig. 1) ...
... Sequence analysis of OB-Rb indicated that it is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family; this family includes GH-R, EPO-R, interleukin-6 receptor, and GCSF-R. The extracellular region of these receptors are characterized by the presence of multiple domains, including CK, C2, and F3 (Fig. 1) ...
TEC-FAMILY KINASES: REGULATORS OF T-HELPER
... • The TEC-family kinases, they have an amino-terminal PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding PH domain, which is followed by a TEC-homology domain that contains one or two proline-rich regions (PRRs), then SRC homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 proteininteraction domains, and a carboxyterminal kinase domain. • The atypical ...
... • The TEC-family kinases, they have an amino-terminal PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding PH domain, which is followed by a TEC-homology domain that contains one or two proline-rich regions (PRRs), then SRC homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 proteininteraction domains, and a carboxyterminal kinase domain. • The atypical ...
A consensus sequence in the endothelin
... NHE3 activity (Fig. 3). Substitution of the ETA COOH-terminal tail with the ETB COOH-terminal tail [A(N-VII)B(C)] prevented this effect, whereas substitution of the ETB COOHterminal tail with the ETA COOH-terminal tail [B(N-VII)A(C)] mediated inhibition (⫺26%, P ⬍ 0.01). Thus the presence of the COO ...
... NHE3 activity (Fig. 3). Substitution of the ETA COOH-terminal tail with the ETB COOH-terminal tail [A(N-VII)B(C)] prevented this effect, whereas substitution of the ETB COOHterminal tail with the ETA COOH-terminal tail [B(N-VII)A(C)] mediated inhibition (⫺26%, P ⬍ 0.01). Thus the presence of the COO ...
Biochemistry
... Activation of amino acids requires energy in the form of ATP and occurs in a two step reaction catalyzed by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. First the enzyme attaches the amino acid to the a-phosphate of ATP with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. This is termed an aminoacyl-adenylate intermed ...
... Activation of amino acids requires energy in the form of ATP and occurs in a two step reaction catalyzed by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. First the enzyme attaches the amino acid to the a-phosphate of ATP with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. This is termed an aminoacyl-adenylate intermed ...
Great Expectations for PIP: Phosphoinositides as Regulators of
... production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which act as second messengers. Phospholipase C (PLC) activity is stimulated by signaling molecules such as G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), receptor tyrosine kinases, Ras-like GTPases, and calcium, thus linking the hydrol ...
... production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which act as second messengers. Phospholipase C (PLC) activity is stimulated by signaling molecules such as G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), receptor tyrosine kinases, Ras-like GTPases, and calcium, thus linking the hydrol ...
4 Plasma Membrane Transport
... Bulk transport occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis Small molecules and water enter or leave the cell through the lipid bilayer or by transport proteins Large molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins, cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles Bulk transport requires energy ...
... Bulk transport occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis Small molecules and water enter or leave the cell through the lipid bilayer or by transport proteins Large molecules, such as polysaccharides and proteins, cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles Bulk transport requires energy ...
Our work was originally motivated my collaboration with Drs
... DNA sequence corresponding to a known peptide sequence is spliced into the phage DNA. When this spliced sequence is transcribed and translated it produces a 9-mer polypeptide of the form $CX_7C$ (here, $C$ = cysteine, $X$ = any amino acid) which is attached to one of the phage's coat proteins. Conce ...
... DNA sequence corresponding to a known peptide sequence is spliced into the phage DNA. When this spliced sequence is transcribed and translated it produces a 9-mer polypeptide of the form $CX_7C$ (here, $C$ = cysteine, $X$ = any amino acid) which is attached to one of the phage's coat proteins. Conce ...
Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... Enzymes are seriously affected by denaturation – but other proteins of the body can also be denatured. Although in most cases, a denatured protein loses its function permanently, in some cases, re-naturation can occur if the substance that promotes the denaturation is removed from the protein. This ...
... Enzymes are seriously affected by denaturation – but other proteins of the body can also be denatured. Although in most cases, a denatured protein loses its function permanently, in some cases, re-naturation can occur if the substance that promotes the denaturation is removed from the protein. This ...
What Is Food Science? - NFSC Faculty Website
... Enzymes need free water to operate Low Aw foods have very slow enzyme reactions Ionic Strength Some ions may be needed by active sites on the protein Ions ...
... Enzymes need free water to operate Low Aw foods have very slow enzyme reactions Ionic Strength Some ions may be needed by active sites on the protein Ions ...
Dietary Protein and Lipid Requirements of Golden Shiners and
... A pond study comparing the performance of golden shiners fed a high (31 percent) or low (24 percent) level of dietary protein with a constant energy to protein ratio (10.3 kcal/g) also was conducted. After 4 weeks of feeding, fish fed the higher protein diet weighed more, but by the end of the study ...
... A pond study comparing the performance of golden shiners fed a high (31 percent) or low (24 percent) level of dietary protein with a constant energy to protein ratio (10.3 kcal/g) also was conducted. After 4 weeks of feeding, fish fed the higher protein diet weighed more, but by the end of the study ...
glance into proteins present in periodontal tissues
... Proteoglycans have a core protein to which one or more heteropolysaccharides called Glycosaminoglycans are covalently linked. The glycosaminoglycans consist of repeating carbohydrate units that are sulfated, such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulflate, keratan sulfate and heparin sulfate. Example ...
... Proteoglycans have a core protein to which one or more heteropolysaccharides called Glycosaminoglycans are covalently linked. The glycosaminoglycans consist of repeating carbohydrate units that are sulfated, such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulflate, keratan sulfate and heparin sulfate. Example ...
A green glow
... The extraordinary thing about GFP is that it acquires its own fluorescence. Or almost… It doesn’t need an enzyme or anything, just a little bit of oxygen. This is what was so tantalising for biologists. All you need to do is introduce the GFP gene into a cell for it to produce green fluorescence whe ...
... The extraordinary thing about GFP is that it acquires its own fluorescence. Or almost… It doesn’t need an enzyme or anything, just a little bit of oxygen. This is what was so tantalising for biologists. All you need to do is introduce the GFP gene into a cell for it to produce green fluorescence whe ...
Plasma Lipoproteins
... Third, if the cholesterol is not required immediately for some structural or synthetic purpose, it is esterified by acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) transfers a fatty acid from a fatty acyl CoA derivative to cholesterol, producing a cholesteryl ester that can be stored in the cell. The ac ...
... Third, if the cholesterol is not required immediately for some structural or synthetic purpose, it is esterified by acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) transfers a fatty acid from a fatty acyl CoA derivative to cholesterol, producing a cholesteryl ester that can be stored in the cell. The ac ...
Glucose Induces Lipolytic Cleavage of a Glycolipidic Plasma
... encoded by separate, although very similar genes, and may be expressed or processed differently in different cell types (for review see Low, 1989). In most cases the enzymic activities of the alternative forms of the proteins are very similar, and no specific difference has been found to correlate w ...
... encoded by separate, although very similar genes, and may be expressed or processed differently in different cell types (for review see Low, 1989). In most cases the enzymic activities of the alternative forms of the proteins are very similar, and no specific difference has been found to correlate w ...
Targeting of interleukin-2 to the periplasm of
... promotor regulated by the lacIQrepressor. The 420 bp EcoRI-Hind111 fragment of BBG3 replicative form (BBL) was inserted between the EcoRI and HindIII sites of pJF118EH to create pGF25 (Fig. 1). The ssOmpA-IL-2 fusion was created by linking the synthetic IL-2 gene to the signal peptide of OmpA by ins ...
... promotor regulated by the lacIQrepressor. The 420 bp EcoRI-Hind111 fragment of BBG3 replicative form (BBL) was inserted between the EcoRI and HindIII sites of pJF118EH to create pGF25 (Fig. 1). The ssOmpA-IL-2 fusion was created by linking the synthetic IL-2 gene to the signal peptide of OmpA by ins ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).