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Geologic Time
Geologic Time

... When an adaptation (a change) makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce, the organism may pass the new adaptation on to its offspring (babies); organisms with the new adaptation will produce more babies than organisms that don’t have the new adaptation. This process called: natural sele ...
Utah History Ch. 2
Utah History Ch. 2

... any mountains, hills, plateaus or valleys?  Has Utah ever had floods or  earthquakes?  Will we ever have an earthquake again, and if so, how strong will  it be?  Geologists are scientists who study all these questions and more?  They learn  about the history of the earth by studying rocks and land f ...
Geologic Time
Geologic Time

... When an adaptation (a change) makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce, the organism may pass the new adaptation on to its offspring (babies); organisms with the new adaptation will produce more babies than organisms that don’t have the new adaptation. This process called: natural sele ...
GEOL 451 - Business
GEOL 451 - Business

... This term applies to a terranes which have been brought in from a long distances, exotic in nature to the terranes they now abut. With accurate age-dating and other methods of establishing provenance it may be possible where the suspect terranes come from, and how far they have travelled Analysis of ...
plate tectonic study guide
plate tectonic study guide

... 2.mantle (most of Earth’s Mass) (lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere), 3.outer core 4. inner core 1. Crust 2. Lithosphere (Tectonic Plates)- Crust and rigid upper mantle 3. Asthenosphere (Convection Currents-caused by heat from the core) 4. Mesosphere (Lower Mantle) 5.Outer Core (Liquid Metal- ir ...
Giant impacts and the initiation of plate tectonics on terrestrial
Giant impacts and the initiation of plate tectonics on terrestrial

... System. The icy satellite Europa shows regions where the crust has been separated away and the gap filled with new material ...
Lesson 1: Introduction Objectives: Students will: • Familiarize
Lesson 1: Introduction Objectives: Students will: • Familiarize

... Use a globe to explain latitude and longitude. Briefly tell them that the magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake. Use a couple of examples from the chart to help them understand that an earthquake with a greater magnitude is bigger than the earthquake with a smaller magnitude. Tell th ...
Lab 4 Dynamic Ocean Floor - Western Oregon University
Lab 4 Dynamic Ocean Floor - Western Oregon University

Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: A Primary Cause
Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: A Primary Cause

... applied to both liquids and gases (fluids). Hans-Peter Bunge[8] says that the Earth‟s mantle although stronger than steel capable of transmitting seismic shear waves can be treated as a fluid and can be dealt by hydrodynamic field equations expressing the fundamental principles of mass, momentum and ...
Oblique mid ocean ridge subduction modelling
Oblique mid ocean ridge subduction modelling

Activity: A Plate Tectonic Puzzle - American Museum of Natural History
Activity: A Plate Tectonic Puzzle - American Museum of Natural History

... • Tectonic plates are made of both continental and oceanic crust. The land that we see is the continental crust, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) thick. Under the sea, the heavier oceanic crust is much thinner, about 8 to 10 kilometers (5 to 6 mi) thick. • Plates move about 8 centimeters (3 in) per year. ...
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting

... block mountains? Tension causes large blocks of rock to drop down ...
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting

... block mountains? Tension causes large blocks of rock to drop down ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... To monitor faults, geologists have developed instruments to measure changes in elevation, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements along faults A tiltmeter measures tilting or raising of the ground  A creep meter used a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the gr ...
Use the following list to match to the statements below: Seismic
Use the following list to match to the statements below: Seismic

... and one is forced beneath another, are known as ________________ plate boundaries. ANS: Convergent 7. Highly active earthquake zones form where tectonic plates slip past one another. This type of tectonic boundary is known as ________________. ANS: Transform 8. Where does the energy that moves tecto ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Theory of Plate Tectonics

...  Boundary ...
10.3 Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity Convergent Boundary
10.3 Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity Convergent Boundary

... ...
by Henry Simmons Before there was the Pangean supercontinent
by Henry Simmons Before there was the Pangean supercontinent

... to the paleopoles; the longitudinal, or eastwest, distribution of the blocks in ancient times must be teased out by other, more qualitative techniques. A second limitation under which paleomagnetists labor has to do with the requirem e n t that the s a m p l e s remain relatively undisturbed over la ...
Part1
Part1

... There are three fundamental ways the Earth’s radiation balance can change, thereby causing a climate change: (1) changing the incoming solar radiation (e.g., by changes in the Earth’s orbit or in the Sun itself), (2) changing the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected (this fraction is called ...
The Terrestrial Worlds
The Terrestrial Worlds

... A magnetic field is a region of space where magnetic forces can be detected. The region around a planet is called a magnetosphere Earth’s magnetic poles are not located at its poles of rotation. The location of the magnetic poles changes with time. Dynamo effect is the model that explains the Earth’ ...
7-3 science notebook answers
7-3 science notebook answers

... description or illustrate this type of plate interaction. Include arrows to show the direction of movement. Label the plates and the structures that result from the collisions. I found this on page ...
Student Study Guide
Student Study Guide

chapter 3
chapter 3

... - The sea floor is slowly moving away from the ridge (in both directions) at rates that range from about 1–20 cm (0.4–8 in) per year but are generally between 2–10 cm (0.8–4 in) per year. The average rate is about 5 cm (2 in) per year. This is roughly the rate at which fingernails grow. - Although t ...
plate boundaries and interactions worksheet
plate boundaries and interactions worksheet

... The earth’s lithosphere is broken into multiple pieces, tectonic plates. According to the Theory of Plate Tectonics, these tectonic plates are in constant motion due to convection of the upper mantle. The points where two plates meet are referred to as plate boundaries. Different types of plate boun ...
Chapter 12.2 - Features of Plate Tectonics
Chapter 12.2 - Features of Plate Tectonics

... • Earthquakes are very difficult to predict.  Scientists understand why they happen, but it is very difficult to predict their timing, exact location and strength.  Their build-up happens underground, over very long periods of time.  What we do understand has helped prepare structures to survive ...
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Geophysics



Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.
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