Renal Physiology 1
... conserving essential nutrients (glucose, amino acids etc) and eliminating potential toxins organic bases and acids, excess K, and exogenous compounds. The primary ATP dependent process in the tubules is the action of the Na.K.ATPase pump. Almost all other transport is via diffusion down gradients or ...
... conserving essential nutrients (glucose, amino acids etc) and eliminating potential toxins organic bases and acids, excess K, and exogenous compounds. The primary ATP dependent process in the tubules is the action of the Na.K.ATPase pump. Almost all other transport is via diffusion down gradients or ...
State equations revisited
... describe the physical properties of the system Inputs u1, u2, ... are variables representing known quantities that vary with time – Known force or displacements on elements of the ...
... describe the physical properties of the system Inputs u1, u2, ... are variables representing known quantities that vary with time – Known force or displacements on elements of the ...
Chaotic Rotation of a Towed Elliptical Cylinder
... produced fixed point motion due to the spontaneous onset of bluff body vortex shedding. Instead, the trajectories show either limit-cycle, intermittently periodic, or fully chaotic motion. Figure 2 shows the vortex wake and Fig 3 the time history, power spectral density, and phase portraits of the r ...
... produced fixed point motion due to the spontaneous onset of bluff body vortex shedding. Instead, the trajectories show either limit-cycle, intermittently periodic, or fully chaotic motion. Figure 2 shows the vortex wake and Fig 3 the time history, power spectral density, and phase portraits of the r ...
Coriolis Force - Atmosphere Physics
... m Dv/Dt = - dP/dx + ρg + other forces (1-dimensional, x-direction) Dv/Dt is the material or advective deriviative in an inertial reference frame. It can be related to the Lagrangian deriviative (“riding” the parcel) via D/Dt = - ∂/∂t + v ∂/∂x, where v is the vector velocity. ...
... m Dv/Dt = - dP/dx + ρg + other forces (1-dimensional, x-direction) Dv/Dt is the material or advective deriviative in an inertial reference frame. It can be related to the Lagrangian deriviative (“riding” the parcel) via D/Dt = - ∂/∂t + v ∂/∂x, where v is the vector velocity. ...
Basic fluid dynamics
... But fluids and solids are extremes, and there are many transition materials with properties in between. It is therefore important as far as possible to analyze matter in motion without distinguishing between particular types of matter. In this chapter the two basic mechanical equations governing the ...
... But fluids and solids are extremes, and there are many transition materials with properties in between. It is therefore important as far as possible to analyze matter in motion without distinguishing between particular types of matter. In this chapter the two basic mechanical equations governing the ...
Chang Right Angle Cannula for Hydrodissection
... If the epinuclear shell is loosened enough to spin, it can be aspirated in this way and flipped as a unit. At other times, as the contraincisional epinucleus is being aspirated by the phaco tip, the anterior shelf may break off. A loosened epinuclear shell can simply be rotated until a new area of a ...
... If the epinuclear shell is loosened enough to spin, it can be aspirated in this way and flipped as a unit. At other times, as the contraincisional epinucleus is being aspirated by the phaco tip, the anterior shelf may break off. A loosened epinuclear shell can simply be rotated until a new area of a ...
Chapter 8.pdf
... This problem is application of the momentum integral method to turbulent flow over a flat plate. The analysis is essentially the same as the Prandtl-von Kármán solution presented in Section ...
... This problem is application of the momentum integral method to turbulent flow over a flat plate. The analysis is essentially the same as the Prandtl-von Kármán solution presented in Section ...
11.1 Pressure
... i. As your elevation increases, atmospheric pressure decreases ii. The reason our ears “pop” 1. Has to do with changing air pressure 2. At higher elevations, there is less air above you and therefore less air pressure 3. When the air pressure outside your body changes, the air pressure inside adjust ...
... i. As your elevation increases, atmospheric pressure decreases ii. The reason our ears “pop” 1. Has to do with changing air pressure 2. At higher elevations, there is less air above you and therefore less air pressure 3. When the air pressure outside your body changes, the air pressure inside adjust ...
MEL 417 Lubrication Minor I
... • If the viscosity is lower than H at 40 oC, the VI > 100 • In such cases, the ASTM equation for viscosity calculation is ...
... • If the viscosity is lower than H at 40 oC, the VI > 100 • In such cases, the ASTM equation for viscosity calculation is ...
Chapter 1.The Properties of Gases
... that permits the passage of energy as heat. An adiabatic boundary is a boundary that prevents the passage of energy as heat. • 7. Thermal equilibrium is a condition in which no change of state occurs when two objects A and B are in contact through a diathermic boundary. ...
... that permits the passage of energy as heat. An adiabatic boundary is a boundary that prevents the passage of energy as heat. • 7. Thermal equilibrium is a condition in which no change of state occurs when two objects A and B are in contact through a diathermic boundary. ...
Kinds of Forces
... feels when it moves through a fluid as a result of the fluid sticking to the object’s surface. This layer of fluid tries to slide over the next layer of fluid and the friction between the speeds that layer up and so on. The result is a force proportional to the velocity of the object. ! viscous ...
... feels when it moves through a fluid as a result of the fluid sticking to the object’s surface. This layer of fluid tries to slide over the next layer of fluid and the friction between the speeds that layer up and so on. The result is a force proportional to the velocity of the object. ! viscous ...
How Airplanes Fly: Lift and Circulation
... wing by the air is −ρhwv∞vy which is > 0 because vy < 0. A vertical section of the closed path that includes vy contributes hvy < 0 to Γ. Thus the lifting force/length is Fy/w = −ρv∞Γ > 0. In 1902 Martin Kutta in Germany published “Lifting forces in flowing fluids,” which related lift to circulation ...
... wing by the air is −ρhwv∞vy which is > 0 because vy < 0. A vertical section of the closed path that includes vy contributes hvy < 0 to Γ. Thus the lifting force/length is Fy/w = −ρv∞Γ > 0. In 1902 Martin Kutta in Germany published “Lifting forces in flowing fluids,” which related lift to circulation ...
Chapter 2
... conservation, a differential statement for the momentum equation. This turns out to be a rather subtle issue and we are going to have to take a momentary diversion from our physical formulation of the equations of motion to discuss some fundamentals about vectors and their cousins, tensors. 2.4 Vec ...
... conservation, a differential statement for the momentum equation. This turns out to be a rather subtle issue and we are going to have to take a momentary diversion from our physical formulation of the equations of motion to discuss some fundamentals about vectors and their cousins, tensors. 2.4 Vec ...
Comment_on
... The lift force is thus forced to be proportional to V and not to V2 as assumed by R&R. This proportionality can also be derived using Bernoulli`s equation for a flow like that pictured in figure 1 in the paper by R&R. The flow in a not rotating frame of reference following the sphere is assumed to b ...
... The lift force is thus forced to be proportional to V and not to V2 as assumed by R&R. This proportionality can also be derived using Bernoulli`s equation for a flow like that pictured in figure 1 in the paper by R&R. The flow in a not rotating frame of reference following the sphere is assumed to b ...
Fluid dynamics
In physics, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow—the natural science of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. It has several subdisciplines itself, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation. Some of its principles are even used in traffic engineering, where traffic is treated as a continuous fluid, and crowd dynamics. Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure—which underlies these practical disciplines—that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves calculating various properties of the fluid, such as flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time.Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics. This is still reflected in names of some fluid dynamics topics, like magnetohydrodynamics and hydrodynamic stability, both of which can also be applied to gases.