CHAPTER 2: Special Theory of Relativity
... If v << c, i.e., β ≈ 0 and ≈ 1, we see that these equations reduce to the familiar Galilean transformation. ...
... If v << c, i.e., β ≈ 0 and ≈ 1, we see that these equations reduce to the familiar Galilean transformation. ...
Special Relativity
... The person on the truck shines a flashlight at the person standing on the ground. The person on the ground perceives the light to travel at ...
... The person on the truck shines a flashlight at the person standing on the ground. The person on the ground perceives the light to travel at ...
On the influence of magnetism on the nature of the light emitted by a
... could be examined. As the temperature i s low this is the band-spectrum. With the h igh dispersion used, one sees in the bands a very great number of fine dark lines. If the current round the magnet is being closed, one observes, contrary to what the experiments with sodium vapour teach, that no cha ...
... could be examined. As the temperature i s low this is the band-spectrum. With the h igh dispersion used, one sees in the bands a very great number of fine dark lines. If the current round the magnet is being closed, one observes, contrary to what the experiments with sodium vapour teach, that no cha ...
Slide 1
... But it is the kinetic with which we are normally concerned as we can’t change the mass into energy. But, in some nuclear reactions the energy released is so great that there is a significant decrease of mass: When uranium splits into ‘fission fragments’ the mass of the fragments is about 1% less. Wh ...
... But it is the kinetic with which we are normally concerned as we can’t change the mass into energy. But, in some nuclear reactions the energy released is so great that there is a significant decrease of mass: When uranium splits into ‘fission fragments’ the mass of the fragments is about 1% less. Wh ...
c - Telkom University
... Length Contraction: Lengths in K’ are contracted with respect to the same lengths stationary in K. ...
... Length Contraction: Lengths in K’ are contracted with respect to the same lengths stationary in K. ...
JKDoranPaper - FSU High Energy Physics
... The theory of special relativity makes two postulates (Prosper, Krane). The first is that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, or observers moving in an inertial frame of reference. This means that it is impossible to verify whether you or your surroundings are moving ...
... The theory of special relativity makes two postulates (Prosper, Krane). The first is that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, or observers moving in an inertial frame of reference. This means that it is impossible to verify whether you or your surroundings are moving ...
Lorentz Force Effects on the Orbit of a Charged Artificial Satellite: A
... where θ is a coordinate of a spherical coordinate system (r, θ , φ ) with origin at the Earth’s centre and associated with an E-fixed basis. Integrating between t 1 and t 2 shows that the total mechanical energy in the rotating fram H is constant: H (t 2 ) − H (t 1 ) = 0, ...
... where θ is a coordinate of a spherical coordinate system (r, θ , φ ) with origin at the Earth’s centre and associated with an E-fixed basis. Integrating between t 1 and t 2 shows that the total mechanical energy in the rotating fram H is constant: H (t 2 ) − H (t 1 ) = 0, ...
Uniform and constant electromagnetic fields
... ~g ×B In particular, for the gravitational field, we have a drift vg = m q B 2 . In this case the direction of drift depends on the signal of q ⇒ for positive and negative charges, we have a current! The velocity of any particle can be decomposed in three components: ...
... ~g ×B In particular, for the gravitational field, we have a drift vg = m q B 2 . In this case the direction of drift depends on the signal of q ⇒ for positive and negative charges, we have a current! The velocity of any particle can be decomposed in three components: ...
The Genesis of the Theory of Relativity
... concepts of space and time. As often happens for great conceptual breakthroughs, the theory of relativity gave rise to founding myths whose charm the historian must resist. The first of this myth is that Einstein discovered the theory of relativity in a single stroke of genius that defies any ration ...
... concepts of space and time. As often happens for great conceptual breakthroughs, the theory of relativity gave rise to founding myths whose charm the historian must resist. The first of this myth is that Einstein discovered the theory of relativity in a single stroke of genius that defies any ration ...
Einstein`s Electrodynamic Pathway to Special Relativity
... the relativity of simultaneity by reflecting on clocks and their synchronization by light signals? ...
... the relativity of simultaneity by reflecting on clocks and their synchronization by light signals? ...
Special Relativity
... momentum (see above) with the Lorentz transformations we find that the law of conservation of linear momentum is violated. This means that we need a new definition of momentum (relativistic momentum). Linear momentum can be conserved if the mass is redefined such that when a particle is moving with ...
... momentum (see above) with the Lorentz transformations we find that the law of conservation of linear momentum is violated. This means that we need a new definition of momentum (relativistic momentum). Linear momentum can be conserved if the mass is redefined such that when a particle is moving with ...
CHAPTER 2: Special Theory of Relativity
... Length Contraction: Lengths in K’ are contracted with respect to the same lengths stationary in K. ...
... Length Contraction: Lengths in K’ are contracted with respect to the same lengths stationary in K. ...
Example: The Lorentz Force Law
... Since the electric field strength (i.e., the force on the electrons) is large, the electrons have great velocity (i.e., kinetic energy) when they reach the front of the CRT. The front of the CRT is coated with phosphorous, and so the cathode ray “slams” into this phosphorous coating. The kinetic ene ...
... Since the electric field strength (i.e., the force on the electrons) is large, the electrons have great velocity (i.e., kinetic energy) when they reach the front of the CRT. The front of the CRT is coated with phosphorous, and so the cathode ray “slams” into this phosphorous coating. The kinetic ene ...
The Einstein – Lorentz Dispute Revisited
... "Invariance" means that the laws of physics, the behavior of all physical reality, is the same in any coordinate system or frame of reference. Invariance requires that the form of the mathematical statements describing reality and the constants appearing in those statements be invariant under any tr ...
... "Invariance" means that the laws of physics, the behavior of all physical reality, is the same in any coordinate system or frame of reference. Invariance requires that the form of the mathematical statements describing reality and the constants appearing in those statements be invariant under any tr ...
5. Electromagnetism and Relativity
... of light. But there’s another place in physics where the speed of light plays a prominent role: the theory of special relativity. How does electromagnetism fit with special relativity? Historically, the Maxwell equations were discovered before the theory of special relativity. It was thought that th ...
... of light. But there’s another place in physics where the speed of light plays a prominent role: the theory of special relativity. How does electromagnetism fit with special relativity? Historically, the Maxwell equations were discovered before the theory of special relativity. It was thought that th ...
Document
... In addition, the geometrical theory of interaction shows that a Maxwellian theory of gravity is inevitable. Interestingly, this is the reconciliation of vortex theory of Descartes and Bernoulli with Newton theory of gravity. This is more compelling when we notice that the other fundamental forces s ...
... In addition, the geometrical theory of interaction shows that a Maxwellian theory of gravity is inevitable. Interestingly, this is the reconciliation of vortex theory of Descartes and Bernoulli with Newton theory of gravity. This is more compelling when we notice that the other fundamental forces s ...
The Principle of Relativity Outline
... 1. The speed of light is the same to all observers, irrespective of their motion. 2. The laws of physics are the same everywhere no matter what the speed of the ...
... 1. The speed of light is the same to all observers, irrespective of their motion. 2. The laws of physics are the same everywhere no matter what the speed of the ...
Moving from Newton to Einstein
... disappointment and consternation the fringes did not change and there was no satisfactory explanation for this other than perhaps that there was no such thing as ether - or perhaps the distance BE had shrunk so that : LBC LBE c 2 u 2 Some years after the experiment, Lorentz, who had taken upon ...
... disappointment and consternation the fringes did not change and there was no satisfactory explanation for this other than perhaps that there was no such thing as ether - or perhaps the distance BE had shrunk so that : LBC LBE c 2 u 2 Some years after the experiment, Lorentz, who had taken upon ...
Definitions
... explained all the phenomena of electricity and magnetism known then and predicted something new: electromagnetic waves. This prediction was confirmed by Hertz in 1886 and light was soon shown to be a type of electromagnetic wave. ...
... explained all the phenomena of electricity and magnetism known then and predicted something new: electromagnetic waves. This prediction was confirmed by Hertz in 1886 and light was soon shown to be a type of electromagnetic wave. ...
I What is relativity? How did the concept of space-time arise?
... travelling near the speed of light and reference frames that are moving at a constant velocity ( inertial reference frames). The result of Einstein's paper was to introduce new coordinate transformations, called Lorentz transformations, between inertial frames of reference. At slow speeds, these tra ...
... travelling near the speed of light and reference frames that are moving at a constant velocity ( inertial reference frames). The result of Einstein's paper was to introduce new coordinate transformations, called Lorentz transformations, between inertial frames of reference. At slow speeds, these tra ...
special relativity via electro-magnetic clocks
... Note that no assumptions are made about the precise formula for time dilation, or even that time dilation actually occurs, but only that if it does occur then it should effect all e-m clocks the same way. This assumption seems plausible since such clocks, being all based on the same equations, can b ...
... Note that no assumptions are made about the precise formula for time dilation, or even that time dilation actually occurs, but only that if it does occur then it should effect all e-m clocks the same way. This assumption seems plausible since such clocks, being all based on the same equations, can b ...
My first paper - Konfluence Research Institute
... corrections to Newtonian gravity which do not couple to electric charge. The scalar field characteristic of this theory is shown to vary on cosmological lengthscales, and can be identified with the gravitational constant as in Brans- Dicke 3 theory. This recognition allows a separation of scales of ...
... corrections to Newtonian gravity which do not couple to electric charge. The scalar field characteristic of this theory is shown to vary on cosmological lengthscales, and can be identified with the gravitational constant as in Brans- Dicke 3 theory. This recognition allows a separation of scales of ...
relativity phys311
... Result: Δt’ > Δt0 time dilation for any velocity, α > 0 say v0 = 0.1 c, Δt0 = 1h = 3600 s Δt’ ≈ 1 h+18 sec or 1 h+1min+25 sec or 1 h+3 min+5 s ? say v0 = 100 km h-1 , Δt0 = 1h = 3600 s Δt’ ≈ 1 h + 5 s or 1 h + 15 μs or 1h + 18 ps ? if α << 1 1 1 ≈ 1 + ½ α, so ( 1 8.58531015 )-1 ≈ 1 + 5 10-15 ...
... Result: Δt’ > Δt0 time dilation for any velocity, α > 0 say v0 = 0.1 c, Δt0 = 1h = 3600 s Δt’ ≈ 1 h+18 sec or 1 h+1min+25 sec or 1 h+3 min+5 s ? say v0 = 100 km h-1 , Δt0 = 1h = 3600 s Δt’ ≈ 1 h + 5 s or 1 h + 15 μs or 1h + 18 ps ? if α << 1 1 1 ≈ 1 + ½ α, so ( 1 8.58531015 )-1 ≈ 1 + 5 10-15 ...
The principle of constancy of the speed of Light in free-space
... destroys the long standing concept of time as a universal variable (independent of spatial coordinate), many attempts (for example see reference 6,12) were made (finally without success) to develop theories that would explain all the observed facts without this postulate. The first postulate is evi ...
... destroys the long standing concept of time as a universal variable (independent of spatial coordinate), many attempts (for example see reference 6,12) were made (finally without success) to develop theories that would explain all the observed facts without this postulate. The first postulate is evi ...
Lorentz ether theory
What is now often called Lorentz ether theory (LET) has its roots in Hendrik Lorentz's ""theory of electrons"", which was the final point in the development of the classical aether theories at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.Lorentz's initial theory created in 1892 and 1895 was based on a completely motionless aether. It explained the failure of the negative aether drift experiments to first order in v/c by introducing an auxiliary variable called ""local time"" for connecting systems at rest and in motion in the aether. In addition, the negative result of the Michelson–Morley experiment led to the introduction of the hypothesis of length contraction in 1892. However, other experiments also produced negative results and (guided by Henri Poincaré's principle of relativity) Lorentz tried in 1899 and 1904 to expand his theory to all orders in v/c by introducing the Lorentz transformation. In addition, he assumed that also non-electromagnetic forces (if they exist) transform like electric forces. However, Lorentz's expression for charge density and current were incorrect, so his theory did not fully exclude the possibility of detecting the aether. Eventually, it was Henri Poincaré who in 1905 corrected the errors in Lorentz's paper and actually incorporated non-electromagnetic forces (including gravitation) within the theory, which he called ""The New Mechanics"". Many aspects of Lorentz's theory were incorporated into special relativity (SR) with the works of Albert Einstein and Hermann Minkowski.Today LET is often treated as some sort of ""Lorentzian"" or ""neo-Lorentzian"" interpretation of special relativity. The introduction of length contraction and time dilation for all phenomena in a ""preferred"" frame of reference, which plays the role of Lorentz's immobile aether, leads to the complete Lorentz transformation (see the Robertson–Mansouri–Sexl test theory as an example). Because the same mathematical formalism occurs in both, it is not possible to distinguish between LET and SR by experiment. However, in LET the existence of an undetectable aether is assumed and the validity of the relativity principle seems to be only coincidental, which is one reason why SR is commonly preferred over LET.