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1 - Academics
1 - Academics

... In essence, what this means is: a) No particle can travel faster than Planck’s Constant; b) The velocity and the position of an electron can be measured to greater than h/4 significant figures; c) Electrons exhibit wave-particle duality but nothing else does; d) The momentum and the position of a p ...
Lecture notes
Lecture notes

... for different substances. The constant used depends on whether we are considering molar heat capacity, C or specific heat capacity, c. Molar heat capacity of a substance is defined as: the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 M of the substance by 1 ˚C. The specific heat capacity of ...
California Standards Practice - Student Edition
California Standards Practice - Student Edition

... 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic ...
Answers to Selected Problems
Answers to Selected Problems

... 21. boron-11 22. Silicon-28 must be by far the most abundant. The other two isotopes must be present in very small amounts. ...
CH 13
CH 13

... Chapter 13: Kinetics Renee Y. Becker Valencia Community College ...
What is the pH of a 0.100 M
What is the pH of a 0.100 M

... What happens if more OH- is added to water? The equilibrium of water, H3O+ and OH- means if we know either the concentration of H3O+ or the concentration of OH- in an aqueous solution, then we know the concentration of the other. Example: What is the pH of 0.150 M CH3NH2? ...
Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid
Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid

2003
2003

... 10. Distillation of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential The characteristic feature of Bose-Einstein condensation is the accumulation of a macroscopic number of particles in the lowest quantum state. Condensate fragmentation, the macroscopic occupation of two or more quantum states, ...
3 - Rates
3 - Rates

Alkane
Alkane

... For RX compound, when X = Cl or F ,the b.p. will be higher than alkane which have the same molecular mass due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules. Solubility As the interaction between water and RX are quite different, (H-bond and dipole-dipole),they are only sightly soluble in wa ...
Substitution Rxns-a-Sn2-12-quesx
Substitution Rxns-a-Sn2-12-quesx

... at the University of Freiburg, in Germany, in collaboration with William L. Hase's group at Texas Tech University, provide direct evidence for this mechanism in the gas phase. However, they also detected an additional, unexpected mechanism. In this new pathway, called the roundabout mechanism, chlor ...
Chapter13
Chapter13

... equilibrium partial pressure of I2(g) is greater than 1.0 atm, the reaction will be spontaneous. B. This process becomes less spontaneous at higher temperatures because more iodine must be vaporized. C. As the temperature increases and the system approaches equilibrium, ΔG° will decrease. When the s ...
How QuikSoil 2600 works
How QuikSoil 2600 works

... times consistent with the needs of most facilities. Because less carbon dioxide is generated and volatilized, more weight (density) and more carbon remain in the finished product and fewer greenhouse gases are exhausted. Because more ammonia and other free nitrogen compounds are fixed rather than ex ...
13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1
13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1

... If the alcohol is converted into a better leaving group,  then a strong base can be used to promote E2. ...
Redox Reactions C12-1-10
Redox Reactions C12-1-10

... electrons are partially transferred from hydrogen to oxygen. Oxygen is a more electronegative element than hydrogen. The electron pair in the covalent bond is shifted toward oxygen resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charge on hydrogen. Both reactions above are exam ...
Organic Nomenclature
Organic Nomenclature

... nonmetals such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or the halogens. The term organic comes from the old idea that all carbon containing compounds had to be produced by a living organism. While living organisms produce a vast number of organic compounds, many of these compounds, as well as many compounds ...
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

... CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugar-containing plant material. ...
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

...  Wöhler (1828) made urea from ammonium cyanate ...
Balancing Redox Equations
Balancing Redox Equations

... Before we balance a Redox equation lets first refresh our memory on how to calculate oxidation numbers. Oxidation Number - The charge that an atom would have if the compound in which it were found were ionic. The rules: 1) The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in a molecule must be equal to ...
Test-tube Reactions - University of Manitoba
Test-tube Reactions - University of Manitoba

... electrons are partially transferred from hydrogen to oxygen. Oxygen is a more electronegative element than hydrogen. The electron pair in the covalent bond is shifted toward oxygen resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charge on hydrogen. Both reactions above are exam ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents

Quantum Energy Regression using Scattering Transforms
Quantum Energy Regression using Scattering Transforms

... chemical nature of atom k which determines its nuclear charge zk , and hence which atomic density should be substituted. Isolated atomic densities are pre-computed from Density Functional Theory calculations for every distinct atomic species present in a molecular database. The electron density mode ...
File
File

...  5.E.3 If a chemical or physical process is not driven by both entropy and enthalpy changes, then the Gibbs free energy change can be used to determine whether the process is thermodynamically favored.  5.E.4 External sources of energy can be used to drive change in cases where the Gibbs free ener ...
United  States Patent
United States Patent

... in the IS-position. Osuka et al .• "Synthesis of Benzochlorin Monomer. Dimer, and Porphyrin-Benzochlorin Heterodimer from 5-Aryl- and 5J5-Diaryloctaethylporphyrins," Bull. Chem. Soc. lpn., 65.3322-30 (1992). Some of these derivatives have shown strong absorptions in the visible region around 700 run ...
Exam 2
Exam 2

... • Detach the data sheet from the centre of this book during reading time. • Write your student number in the space provided above on this page. • Check that your name and student number as printed on your answer sheet for multiple-choice questions are correct, and sign your name in the space provide ...
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Physical organic chemistry

Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest. Physical organic chemists use theoretical and experimental approaches work to understand these foundational problems in organic chemistry, including classical and statistical thermodynamic calculations, quantum mechanical theory and computational chemistry, as well as experimental spectroscopy (e.g., NMR), spectrometry (e.g., MS), and crystallography approaches. The field therefore has applications to a wide variety of more specialized fields, including electro- and photochemistry, polymer and supramolecular chemistry, and bioorganic chemistry, enzymology, and chemical biology, as well as to commercial enterprises involving process chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and nanotechnology, and drug discovery.
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