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Bradyarrhythmias Differential diagnosis of bradyarrhythmias First
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... o All P waves are conducted to the ventricles but there is a persistent delay resulting in a prolonged PR interval (>0.2 s) Second degree heart block o Some P waves are conducted to the ventricles but not all; there are two main types o Mobitz type I (Wenckebach): progressive prolongation of the PR ...
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... the heart and sets the rate at which it beats. 1- Impulses from the autonomic nervous system and various hormones modify the strength and timing of the beats but do not change the rhythm. III – Electrocardiography – Transmission of action potentials through the conduction system generates an electri ...
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... referred by the primary care physician to the cardiac outpatient clinic because of a history of episodes of palpitations during the last 3 months, unrelated to exercise, of a very short duration, two or 3 times per month. On auscultation there is a 2/6 systolic murmur along the left sternal border a ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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