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Iatrogenic Cardiomyopathy
Iatrogenic Cardiomyopathy

... 12 to 18 and every 5 years from age 18 to ? (delayed onset of hypertrophy is an issue) ...
Familial Incidence of Atrial Septal Defect
Familial Incidence of Atrial Septal Defect

... case in Richer'sS series of five siblings with ASD. The two cases which were confirmed at operation showed a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis, respectively, as associated defects. In our series ASD was the only defect (Table 1). The fifth sibling who died at two years of age in ...
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Pharmacology

... for patients not responding to ACE inhibitors + Ventricular Dysrhythmia in 10% patients (ECG monitored during drug infusion) ...
Familial Incidence of Atrial Septal Defect
Familial Incidence of Atrial Septal Defect

... case in Richer'sS series of five siblings with ASD. The two cases which were confirmed at operation showed a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis, respectively, as associated defects. In our series ASD was the only defect (Table 1). The fifth sibling who died at two years of age in ...
How Your Heart Works Your heart is a pump, and it keeps blood
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... Your heart is a pump, and it keeps blood moving around your body. Your blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body, and carries away unwanted carbon dioxide and waste products. Your heart has four chambers - two on the left side and two on the right. The two upper chambers are call ...
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart
Examining the Gross Anatomy of the Human Heart

... 1. Carefully remove the pericardial sac to expose the entire heart. This can be accomplished by continuing your initial cut toward the base of the heart and detaching the pericardial sac’s attachments to the great vessels. The whitish lumpy tissue on the outer surface of the heart is fat tissue. The ...
Holter monitoring in the prognosis of sudden cardiac death
Holter monitoring in the prognosis of sudden cardiac death

... used, noninvasive test to evaluate cardiac rhythm problems in various cardiac disorders. Permitting patient ambulatory activity, cardiac rhythm can be continuously examined by Holter ECG throughout the daily activities. One can determine transient and brief episodes of arrhythmias with the aid of tw ...
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure

... 1. ACE Inhibitors (ACEi Drugs). These are a group of drugs that help lower the body’s blood pressure and controls the amount of water contained in the blood stream. By doing this it reduces the amount of effort/work that the heart has to do in order to pump blood around the body. 2. Diuretics (“Wate ...
Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (Saddle Thrombus) CIS
Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (Saddle Thrombus) CIS

... limb is irreversibly damaged. Indeed often within a few days – the limb(s) can start to go gangrenous due to the lack of blood supply. Recently studies have shown that if the clot busting drugs are given within a few minutes of the clot forming or if the obstruction is only partial – then there is a ...
Cardiovascular toxicity Cardiac Structure The cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular toxicity Cardiac Structure The cardiovascular system

... Mechanical contraction of cardiac myocytes occurs when Ca2 + binds to the protein troponin C with tropomysin. After a Ca2 +-induced conformational change in troponin C and tropomysin, ATP is hydrolyzed, and subsequently allowing myosin to bind actin, thus producing contraction. ...
Cardiovascular system
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... rapid filling of ventricle stars (rapid inflow period) (fourth heart sound). ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) The graphical record of electric changes occurring during the cardiac cycle is known as electrocardiogram. The instrument recording ECG is known as electrocardiograph. Pair of connection called as le ...
Electrophysiology Pacemaker Worksheet
Electrophysiology Pacemaker Worksheet

... ____5. TCP is a pacemaker surgically implanted in the body. ____6. VVI pacemaker code indicates ventricles are sensed and inhibited. ____7. Ventricular pacing is accomplished by placing the pacing electrode in the right ventricle. ____8. Fixed-rate pacemakers are not often used today. ____9. Contrai ...
EXTRA SYSTOLES IN THE FROG HEART
EXTRA SYSTOLES IN THE FROG HEART

... this experiment also includes a comment on the amplitudes of the ES and PES. The standard teaching is that the ES should be smaller and the PES potentiated (Postextrasystolic Potentiation or PESP) as compared to a normal beat (Fig. 1). The explanation offered for the expected observation is that the ...
to - WordPress.com
to - WordPress.com

... transmits the impulse and a response is recorded by electrodes at some distance away. The time it takes for the stimulus to reach the recording electrodes is called as latency. It can be accurately measured and a velocity of transmission calculated. Healthy nerves will transmit the electrical impuls ...
Collocation FEM for Action Potential Propagation
Collocation FEM for Action Potential Propagation

Constitutive Expression of phVEGF165 After Intramuscular Gene
Constitutive Expression of phVEGF165 After Intramuscular Gene

... the fact that he drew attention to the remarkable results that can be achieved with restoration of sinus rhythm.3 It may be that cardioversion had been attempted in a number of patients (some might not even accept the diagnosis of “chronic” atrial fibrillation until electrical cardioversion has been ...
Exam I Study Guide
Exam I Study Guide

... 7. Be able to name and describe the steps of the cardiac cycle. 8. Know the components of the hearts conduction system and their characteristics. 9. Be able to describe the process of cardiac contraction starting at the SA node. 10. Be able to recognize the steps involved with AP conduction on cardi ...
ECG PVC Classification Algorithm based on Fusion SVM
ECG PVC Classification Algorithm based on Fusion SVM

... ECG(Electrocardiogram; ECG)is an important physiological signal used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Premature ventricular contractions (premature ventricular contraction; PVC) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia disease. The understanding of the disease is the basis for forecasting the ...
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1 electrocardiography in two models of
1 electrocardiography in two models of

... hypertrophy (Iso 5) were as follows: increased amplitude of P wave for about 50% in the I. standard lead compared to Iso 150 and nonsignificant prolongation of PQ interval and QRS complex increased amplitude of R in the I limb lead, longer QT interval, presence of negative Q and S waves in the I an ...
Heart rate variability during breathing at 0.1 Hz frequency in the
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... high frequency (HF) range (0.15 – 0.4Hz). It occurs due to the modulation of cardiac vagal outflow by respiration. The longer response time of sympathetic nervous system does not allow for a similar respiratory modulation. Instead, cardiac sympathetic outflow is modulated only in the low frequency ( ...
Reptile Cardiology - University of Illinois College of Veterinary
Reptile Cardiology - University of Illinois College of Veterinary

... regarding its interpretation. Because the HR is tied to environmental temperature, it is important to maintain a reptile within its preferred optimal temperature range when performing this test. The reptilian ECG has many of the same characteristics of a mammalian ECG, and is comprised of three prim ...
Goals and Objectives Interventional Cardiology
Goals and Objectives Interventional Cardiology

... Specific objectives for the cath lab rotation are framed within the global requirements for cardiology training by major disease process. There is considerable overlap in different areas of training – especially in the areas of coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and congestive heart fai ...
Coronary Artery Disease
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... intensity of symptoms - 3-5 mins.  Silent Ischemia – 80% of patients with ischemia are asymptomatic  Prinzmetal’s Angina – variant – not precipitated by physical activity – may be due to spasm  Nocturnal Angina – occurs at night but not necessarily during sleep or in recumbent position ...
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Isomerism - Evelina London Children`s Hospital

... side of the body. In isomerism there is confusion between left and right. The upper collecting chambers of the heart, known as the atria, are normally formed differently in order to fulfil their different functions. The right atrium collects deoxygenated blood from the body via two large veins calle ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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