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The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System

... How the Chambers know when to contract  Cardiac ...
1. Which statement is true in relation to the prevalence of heart
1. Which statement is true in relation to the prevalence of heart

... The patient's condition can only be stabilized via intravenous inotropic therapy c. Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort, symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest d. ACE inhibitor and beta-blockers can not be applied in this case 3. Characteristics of skeletal muscle in a he ...
Post-Cardiac Injury Syndrome after Permanent Pacemaker
Post-Cardiac Injury Syndrome after Permanent Pacemaker

... patients, the atrial leads were screwed into the lateral or anterior lateral wall of the right atrium, a location which is similar to that used in our case. Fortunately, all patients were successfully treated with NSAIDs and had resolution of symptoms within two weeks. In 2004, Zeltser et al. conduc ...
in Elderly People
in Elderly People

... This exercise response was achieved mainly by increased SV in bradyeardics and by increased heart rate in controls. Significant increases in cardiac output occurred with both atropine and atrial pacing in bradyeardics, but not in controls. Autonomic impairment was not found. Increased vagal tone in ...
A Novel Time-domain Diagnostic Method for ECG Signal System
A Novel Time-domain Diagnostic Method for ECG Signal System

... electrocardiographic devices or instruments. An electrocardiogram (ECG) produced by an electrocardiographic device for tracking cardiac activity is widely adopted as an important indicator to record abnormal heart function and morphology, which usually measures in a non-invasive way via skin electro ...
independent work of the students
independent work of the students

... 2. The atrioventricular (AV) node, also located within the right atrium but near the lower end of the inter-atrial septum. ...
Successful Resuscitation of a Cardiac Arrest Patient with Ruptured
Successful Resuscitation of a Cardiac Arrest Patient with Ruptured

... When the pericardial pressure rises to a level greater than the normal filling pressure of the right heart ...
Chronic Heart Failure
Chronic Heart Failure

... Why should I know about it? What are the causes of heart failure? What are the signs and symptoms? How do you treat this disease? What can I do to prevent worsening heart failure? ...
CVS3_IHDi
CVS3_IHDi

... MI death and complications rates ...
Compress the chest - Illinois Heart Rescue
Compress the chest - Illinois Heart Rescue

... Some communities dispatch police for a 911 medical call so there will be additional hands to help. In many cases, all 911 providers will be directing their attention and care to the victim. It is always better to call 911 so you can save their life. Do I have to be a medical professional to use the ...
Noninvasive and invasive evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure in highlanders
Noninvasive and invasive evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure in highlanders

... Recordings were made on S-VHS videotape with simultaneous tracing of the ECG. The recordings were analysed by two independent echocardiographers, who were unaware of the clinical histories or cardiac catheter results. Right ventricle end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters were measured by Mmode ec ...
ekg sensor - Department of Health Science and Technology
ekg sensor - Department of Health Science and Technology

... The typical cell membrane is relatively impermeable to the entry of sodium. However, the stimulation of a muscle cell causes an increase in its permeability to sodium. Some sodium ions migrate into the cell. This causes a change (depolarization) in the electrical field around the cell. This change i ...
VASCULAR AGING AND HEART FAILURE Michael O
VASCULAR AGING AND HEART FAILURE Michael O

... systolic pressure. Far larger changes are seen from effects of arterial degeneration on aortic PWV, Young’s modulus of the aortic wall, or from augmented pressure which is generated by early return of wave reflection, and can be estimated from the radial artery pulse waveform. Cardiac dysfunction an ...
Cardiac Meds
Cardiac Meds

... Action: inhibits vasoconstrictive and aldosteronesecreting action of angiotensin II by blocking angiotensin II receptor on the suface of vascular smooth muscle Indication: to reduce risk of stroke in patients with HTN and left ventricular hypertrophy Side effects: angioedema Nursing Considerations: ...
ECG by Dr.Sarma for print
ECG by Dr.Sarma for print

... Complete LBBB has a QRS duration > 0.12 sec Prominent S waves in lead V1, R in L I, aVL, V6 Usually broad, Bizarre R waves are seen, M pattern Poor R progression from V1 to V3 is common. The "normal" ST-T waves in LBBB should be oriented opposite to the direction of the QRS  Incomplete LBBB looks l ...
Cardiovascular Examination
Cardiovascular Examination

... Turbulent blood flow caused by diseased valve or if a large amount of blood flows through a normal valve. characteristics of murmurs suggest the cause of it (site, radiation, pitch, timing and the intensity) . ...
Long QT Syndrome 
Long QT Syndrome 

... The cause of the long QT interval is not fully known. It is known that the heart valves work normally, the heart  pumps blood normally, and that autopsies done on people who have died show no abnormalities. The new genetic  research has shown that different abnormalities in different people can caus ...
The Sequence of Retrograde Atrial Activation in the Canine Heart
The Sequence of Retrograde Atrial Activation in the Canine Heart

... The relationship of P-wave polarity and morphology in leads II, III, and aVF to the sequence of atrial activation was studied in the canine heart when the atria were paced from the region of the sinus node or the posterior-inferior left atrium and when retrograde activation of the atria occurred wit ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... 7. Cardiac muscle contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle and the refractory period is longer. 8. Both atria contract at the same time and both ventricles contract at the same time. a. contraction of muscle fibers within a syncytis is synchronized. 9. Defibrillation causes simultaneous depolariza ...
David Duncan, M.D. Chief of Cardiothoracic surgery :36 Walking
David Duncan, M.D. Chief of Cardiothoracic surgery :36 Walking

... first thing that we’re going to be doing is assessing the aortic valve, looking to see if the patient has critical aortic stenosis, that it corresponds to their symptoms, that things make sense :50 there’s specific criteria that we look for in the cardiac echo as well as the cardiac catheterization ...
Cardiovascular disease after radiation therapy
Cardiovascular disease after radiation therapy

... threshold (compared to the non irradiated population) • Debut within the first 5 yrs after RT, continuing into the third decade after RT • Women with pre-existing cardiac risk factors: greater absolute increase in risk, than other women Darby S et al, N Engl J Med 2013 ...
Inherited heart conditions Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome
Inherited heart conditions Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics

... determined using a video sequence of the beating heart and comparing one of the images with all the others using cross-correlation as a similarity measure. The frequencies were then found as peaks in the Fourier transform of this function. Aligning the phases of the video sequence and the 4D CT is d ...
CH12 - Scf
CH12 - Scf

... A partially blocked coronary artery. Without treatment, what complications may arise? ______________________________________________ He may have a heart attack. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
Isorhythmic AV Dissociation
Isorhythmic AV Dissociation

... frequent position of the P wave was in the ST segment (as in the last five beats in strip A). However, the R-P interval occasionally became more prolonged so that the P wave appeared just before the summit of the T wave (as in the first several beats of strip A). During the 35 sec which elapsed betw ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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