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ACQUIRED VITIUMS
ACQUIRED VITIUMS

... Plastic valve is preferated because of longer lasting Exeption: contraindication of anticoagulation At Grade III-IV: operation is necessary already at NYHA II-III ...
Exercise Capacity in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Exercise Capacity in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction

... The study included 26 patients, 20 men and six women, ranging in age from 30-76 years (56 ± 15 years, mean ± SD). In 23 patients the cardiac diagnosis was coronary artery disease as defined by: 1) the presence of abnormal Q waves (2 0.04 second duration) and a history of myocardial infarction; 2) co ...
Cardiac Volume in Normal Children and Adolescents
Cardiac Volume in Normal Children and Adolescents

... the prediction of cardiac volume was not affected by extremes of height, relatively small or tall children were included in order to make up a sample representing a healthy population at large. Body surface area was computed from the DuBois and DuBois formula,20 and all data were statistically analy ...
Diseases Of Circulatory System I00-I99
Diseases Of Circulatory System I00-I99

...  It is characterized by chest pain, usually perceived by the patient as a sensation of tightness, squeezing, pressing, choking, burning; of heartburn or gas; or of an illdefined discomfort.  This type of angina can be produced by any activity or situation that increases the oxygen requirements of ...
Bez nadpisu - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Bez nadpisu - Univerzita Karlova v Praze

... risk stratification * The risk of cardiac event can be suspected in all patients with the reversible perfusion defect. * A higher risk can be expected in patients with a large perfusion defect, when more territories are affected, if the anterior wall is affected or if signs of postress dysfunction a ...
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular

... group) according to the tertiles of %PVC. Baseline characteristics of the patients are shown in Table 1. There was no statistical difference in body surface area, hemodynamic variables including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate, or the prevalence of diabetes (7%, 8%, and ...
Prognostic Utility of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress
Prognostic Utility of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress

... calculated the integrated discrimination improvement, a measure of the ability of the model to improve average sensitivity without reducing average specificity.40 Last, we evaluated the ability of biomarkers to reclassify risk by examining the proportion of individuals reclassified correctly using t ...
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD): Facts, Guidelines and Beyond
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD): Facts, Guidelines and Beyond

... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Short QT syndrome Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT LV non compaction ...
Hydatid cyst of the right atrium wall
Hydatid cyst of the right atrium wall

... passes through the pulmonary vascular bed into the left ventricle, from where it could reach any part of the body through systemic circulation [1–3]. The first successful surgical intervention on hydatid cyst was reported by Long in ...
Looking at the second heart sound: A multi
Looking at the second heart sound: A multi

... In the ears of an experienced physician, a stethoscope yields important clinical information which can help an initial assessment of a patient’s clinical condition and guide the subsequent need for more specialized exams. This is particularly true in chest Medicine, i.e. Cardiology and Pneumology, w ...
instruction manual - University of South Alabama
instruction manual - University of South Alabama

... Patients suffering blood loss experience hemorrhagic shock. This can be simulated by reducing blood volume to 3500. Fill in the third column of the table. Note that both venous pressure and cardiac output fell. The low venous pressure resulted in a small LVEDV. That in turn gave the ventricle less b ...
Functional and Structural Differences in Atria Versus Ventricles in
Functional and Structural Differences in Atria Versus Ventricles in

... er there are one or two atria or ventricles. Genetic screens in zebrafish have revealed genes and pathways underlying development in the heart. Since many stages of development are conserved across vertebrates, this information has generated considerable insight into con‐ genital heart defects in hu ...
Atrial Fibrillation: Newer Strategies in Treatment and Anticoagulation
Atrial Fibrillation: Newer Strategies in Treatment and Anticoagulation

... risk of thromboembolic events (CHADS2 or CHA2DS2VASc score ≥2), warfarin significantly reduces the incidence of clinical stroke at an acceptable risk of bleeding compared to placebo. • The benefit to risk ratio from oral anticoagulation in patients at low risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1, or a CHA ...
CT of Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA)
CT of Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA)

... Associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemia or sudden death and mostly show a course between the pulmonary artery and aorta, these types of anomalies require surgical intervention ...
Cardiac Arrest Annual Report: 2010/11
Cardiac Arrest Annual Report: 2010/11

... In line with previous years, almost half of all cardiac arrests (44.1%; n=1,471) of a presumed cardiac cause were bystander witnessed (either seen or heard) and a further 19.2% (n=640) were witnessed by an LAS crew. In 36.2% (n=1,209) of patients the cardiac arrest was not witnessed and in 0.5% (n=1 ...
USING BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY TO EVALUATE CARDIAC
USING BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY TO EVALUATE CARDIAC

... Athlete’s heart has been an area of interest since the 19th century. However, it remains inconclusive whether the athletic heart is physiologically adapted, extremely effective and healthy, or a heart that is sick and borderline pathological. The differentiation between physiological and pathologica ...
Syncope: A Guideline for Primary Care Physicians
Syncope: A Guideline for Primary Care Physicians

... The history should evaluate for certain “Red Flags.” If any of these are present, a cardiology referral is indicated. These red flags include a history of syncope during exercise (especially swimming), syncope in response to intense emotion or startle, or syncope without a prodrome (light headedness ...
Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices in acute
Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices in acute

... careful echocardiographic monitoring.43,44,46 An overview of the technical features of currently available LVAD for percutaneous support or those that can be inserted by peripheral surgical cutdown is shown in Table 1. ...
Contribuição Internacional
Contribuição Internacional

... The availability of automated, noninvasive, ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) devices has allowed BP and heart rate to be measured intermittently over a 24-hour period (typically at intervals of 15–20 minutes). These recordings have demonstrated that, in most individuals, both BP and heart rate follow ...
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical

... Cardiac patients after an acute event and/or with chronic heart disease deserve special attention to restore their quality of life and to maintain or improve functional capacity. They require counselling to avoid recurrence through a combination of adherence to a medication plan and adoption of a he ...
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function response to
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function response to

... than the longitudinal function, which may remain normal in mild AS, but decrease in moderate and severe AS 15. This has been shown by Delgado et al who demonstrated significantly decreased radial and circumferential strain and SR in severe AS with preserved LVEF 16. While another study showed supern ...
Comprehensive Bio‐Imaging Using Myocardial Perfusion Reserve
Comprehensive Bio‐Imaging Using Myocardial Perfusion Reserve

... Blood samples were drawn from a peripheral vein before the CMR examination and samples were stored immediately at 808C. HsTnT was measured using the new hsTnT quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cobas 411; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) as described previously (13). A concentr ...
The Clinical Value of Mitral A-Wave Deceleration Time in the
The Clinical Value of Mitral A-Wave Deceleration Time in the

The structure and function of cardiac t
The structure and function of cardiac t

... heart rates. Nevertheless, there can be little doubt that t-tubules promote the synchronous and efficient activation of the cell, and that these capacities fail when the t-tubules are disrupted; indeed, the Ca2þ transient is less synchronous in atrial cells that have a less-developed t-tubule system ...
Learning About Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Learning About Mitral Regurgitation (MR)

... How Your Heart Works Your heart pumps blood through your lungs to replenish it with oxygen, and then pumps the oxygen-rich blood back out to the rest of your body. The heart has four chambers; the upper two chambers are called atria (each one is an atrium), and the lower two are called ventricles. ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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