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Role of the Posterior Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins
Role of the Posterior Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins

326-1468-2-SP - International Cardiovascular Forum Journal
326-1468-2-SP - International Cardiovascular Forum Journal

... In this study the BP recordings in the acute stage were significantly different between the two studied groups (P< 0.001).A study by Witt et al (2010), revealed that RV infarction is usually associated with depressed RV function, although it does not always lead to hemodynamic impairment(15). This i ...
Ventricular Septal Defect X-ray Findings
Ventricular Septal Defect X-ray Findings

... Percent of total: 12% Long pulmonary veins course down along esophagus Empty into IVC or portal vein (more common) Vein constricted by diaphragm as it passes through esophageal hiatus ...
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical
Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical

... period of time. It should be integrated within the physical activity intervention: all the activities highlighted in the previous paragraph should apply also to the exercise training plan. The following points are established/general agreed issues in exercise training applicable to all clinical cond ...
The Visualization of Myocardial Strain for the Improved Analysis of... Mechanics
The Visualization of Myocardial Strain for the Improved Analysis of... Mechanics

... and that therefore streamlines must be integrated in both the positive and the negative direction of the eigenvector field. Streamlines are rendered as thin tubes with a constant diameter rather than as lines. Illuminating these tube-like structures gives important shape and depth cues which aid th ...
Learning About Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
Learning About Mitral Regurgitation (MR)

... How Your Heart Works Your heart pumps blood through your lungs to replenish it with oxygen, and then pumps the oxygen-rich blood back out to the rest of your body. The heart has four chambers; the upper two chambers are called atria (each one is an atrium), and the lower two are called ventricles. ...
Case Report Metastatic cardiac tumor in the right atrium from
Case Report Metastatic cardiac tumor in the right atrium from

... Abstract: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) are relatively common neoplasms, and some of IPMNs are known to progress to invasive or non-invasive adenocarcinomas. However, metastases to other organs, especially to the heart were extremely rare. This report describes a c ...
Mihajlo Lojpur, M.D., Ph.D. - Adult basic life support 1 ADULT BASIC
Mihajlo Lojpur, M.D., Ph.D. - Adult basic life support 1 ADULT BASIC

... The Resuscitation Council (UK), in line with the ERC's recommendations and those of the American Heart Association, have suggested that the technique should be used only by healthcare professionals with specific training and expertise, and even then that it should be viewed in conjunction with other ...
Cardiac lesions associated with cardiopulmonary
Cardiac lesions associated with cardiopulmonary

... Cardiac lesions during CPR are rare, and usually not involved in thanatologic chains. Krischer [20], on a study of 705 deaths after CPR found cardiovascular lesions to occur in 10.6% of cases ( a total of 72 lesions), the majority of which were hemoperitoneum (8.4%), epicardial hematoma (2.7%), and ...
Clinical Determinants of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Clinical Determinants of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

... LBBB was diagnosed according to the definition criteria of the New York Heart Association as “QRS interval ≥ 120 ms, notched, wide and predominant R waves in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6, notched and broad S waves in V1 and V2 with absent or small R waves, notching or a plateau in the mid-QRS wave, vent ...
Congenital heart diseases Single Choice 1. CS. Select the most
Congenital heart diseases Single Choice 1. CS. Select the most

... 8. CS. Select the major surgical indication for correction in aortic stenosis in children: A. Appearance of clinical manifestations B. The value of transvalvular pressure gradient more than 70 mm Hg C. Right ventricle hypertrophy D. Considerable poststenotic dilation E. Diastolic murmur 9. CS. Speci ...
PDF - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
PDF - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

... A population-based study reported an incidence of 4.9 per 1000 patient-years, second only to aortic stenosis and more than threefold greater than tetralogy of Fallot.1 Identification of risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms for sudden death have been somewhat elusive. Although bradyarrhythm ...
Cardio-Thoracic Ratio Measurement Using Non
Cardio-Thoracic Ratio Measurement Using Non

... and also is a source to obtain the size of the heart which is one of the most important factors used to indicate many heart diseases including enlarged heart or cardiomegaly [1]. In the past, cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) was manually measured by radiologists. At the present, computer-aided diagnosis ...
SCN5A Mutations and the Role of Genetic Background in the
SCN5A Mutations and the Role of Genetic Background in the

No Job Name - IMP. Erlangen
No Job Name - IMP. Erlangen

... yields unsatisfactory results as compared to 180°MCI. Our theoretical considerations show that a freely selectable scanner rotation time chosen as a function of the patient’s heart rate, would further improve the relative temporal resolution and thus further reduce motion artifacts. In our case an a ...
Association of heart failure severity with risk of diabetes
Association of heart failure severity with risk of diabetes

... All residents in Denmark are covered by a tax-financed healthcare system. Every citizen has a unique and permanent civil registration number, which can be used to link information at the individual level from nationwide administrative registries. For the present study, we crosslinked four of these r ...
Optimized Energy Delivery for Successful Defibrillation
Optimized Energy Delivery for Successful Defibrillation

... impedance. The body’s tissues such as the skin, the fat under the skin, the muscles, and the lungs surrounding the heart all “impede” the flow of electrical current to the heart. The higher a patient’s impedance, the greater the opposition to defibrillation energy. Impedance varies from patient to p ...
Left ventricular wall mechanics in hypertension
Left ventricular wall mechanics in hypertension

... shortening has indeed been shown to be more physiologically accurate in representing myocardial performance than is endocardial shortening, a measure of chamber performance especially in the presence of LV geometry abnormalities such as those occurring in arterial hypertension[20]. Large number of p ...
Molecular and Structural Basis for Cardiac Arrhythmias
Molecular and Structural Basis for Cardiac Arrhythmias

... high degree of current-to-load (source – sink) mismatch. It is still not clear how a small amount of depolarizing current (source) provided by the limited number of cells in the sinus node or a thin bundle of Purkinje fibers can activate the much larger mass of atrial or ventricular muscle to which ...
Haemodynamic response to dynamic exercise after heart-lung transplantation
Haemodynamic response to dynamic exercise after heart-lung transplantation

... authors did not specifically assess diastolic function in this study, it is tempting to speculate that the altered haemodynamic response to exercise after HLT is also related to a combination of chronotropic incompetence and diastolic dysfunction. Because the patients did not have evidence of acute ...
Coronary Venous Anatomy and its Relevance Suma HY‡, Hariharan
Coronary Venous Anatomy and its Relevance Suma HY‡, Hariharan

... were studied by anatomical dissection in 25 adult human cadaveric hearts, which had been fixed in formalin solution. Coronary sinus was studied in relation to its location, length, and arteries accompanying it, tributaries and their variations. From the present study it has been found that the lengt ...
Congenital Heart Disease Linked to Maternal Autoimmunity
Congenital Heart Disease Linked to Maternal Autoimmunity

... presence of the following inhibitors: 0.5 mM PMSF, 5 mg/ml N-tosyl-Llysine chloromethyl ketone, and 1 mg leupeptin per milliliter. The presence of CM was verified and quantitated by ELISA and Western immunoblot using mAb specific for CM protein. ...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR is a combination of ventilation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR is a combination of ventilation

... ventricular fibrillation) that do not create a pulse. If the patient has no pulse, and the AED detects either of these chaotic rhythms, the AED delivers an electrical shock that stops the abnormal rhythm. Defibrillation, using the AED, is considered the highest priority in adult patients in cardiac ...
Syncope Iowa State University
Syncope Iowa State University

... Continuous loop event monitors allow a longer monitoring period than Holter monitoring and are better suited for patients with infrequent symptoms.5, 14, 19, 24 These digital loop recorders continuously monitor heart rhythm; when activated, the ECG is saved into memory for a brief period prior to an ...
Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum Accompanied By
Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum Accompanied By

... in computer tomography (BT) and 2% in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.1-3 These masses which can cause difficulty in breathing due to valve stenosis or venous occlusion and may also rarely induce atrial arrhythmia. Cardiac lipomas are rare cardiac benign tumors. The incidence of car ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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