Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... nicotinic blockade does not alter the effectiveness of rewarding MFB stimulation in non-drugged animals. An attractive but unproven and counter-intuitive alternative to the Yeomans hypothesis is that the first-stage cholinergic contribution to MFB self-stimulation involves the rostrally projecting c ...
... nicotinic blockade does not alter the effectiveness of rewarding MFB stimulation in non-drugged animals. An attractive but unproven and counter-intuitive alternative to the Yeomans hypothesis is that the first-stage cholinergic contribution to MFB self-stimulation involves the rostrally projecting c ...
Outline
... PB = plasma binding protein, F = transcription factor, R = receptor, PP=proximal promoter proteins T3 receptors belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors (cerb includes receptors for steroid hormones and vitamins A and D) many T3 receptors are found in responsive tissues like pituitary, liver ...
... PB = plasma binding protein, F = transcription factor, R = receptor, PP=proximal promoter proteins T3 receptors belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors (cerb includes receptors for steroid hormones and vitamins A and D) many T3 receptors are found in responsive tissues like pituitary, liver ...
![Recognition and management of acute adrenal crises [RR 2016].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002104663_1-1c96df8edc218491528fc1e5736d7a5c-300x300.png)
Recognition and management of acute adrenal crises [RR 2016].
... OTHER ADRENAL HORMONES • Aldosterone • Regulation of salt and water balance and hence volume and BP by acting on the renal distal tubule to facilitate K excretion and Na/H2O reabsorbtion • Main stimulus is serum K level and the Renin-Angiotensin system (not ACTH) ...
... OTHER ADRENAL HORMONES • Aldosterone • Regulation of salt and water balance and hence volume and BP by acting on the renal distal tubule to facilitate K excretion and Na/H2O reabsorbtion • Main stimulus is serum K level and the Renin-Angiotensin system (not ACTH) ...
Hormonal Changes In Epileptic Children
... We studied the hormonal changes in 24 epileptic children with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures . Their ages ranged between 3 and 16 years with a mean of 9.08+/- 4.05 years , 13 were males and 11 were females . Electroencephalographic studies showed high voltage slow waves pattern in 17 pati ...
... We studied the hormonal changes in 24 epileptic children with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures . Their ages ranged between 3 and 16 years with a mean of 9.08+/- 4.05 years , 13 were males and 11 were females . Electroencephalographic studies showed high voltage slow waves pattern in 17 pati ...
Module 7 Neural and Hormonal Systems
... Autonomic Nervous System • The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs • Monitors the autonomic functions • Controls breathing, blood pressure, and ...
... Autonomic Nervous System • The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs • Monitors the autonomic functions • Controls breathing, blood pressure, and ...
2016 - Journal of Biomedical Sciences
... 30 kDa subunits [6], and is widely expressed in adipose tissue, heart, muscle, and placenta [7-10]. Adp circulates as a multimer in plasma, at concentrations from 8 to 25 μg/ml in humans, and exhibits sexual dimorphism, with higher levels observed in females [11]. It has been shown that serum Adp le ...
... 30 kDa subunits [6], and is widely expressed in adipose tissue, heart, muscle, and placenta [7-10]. Adp circulates as a multimer in plasma, at concentrations from 8 to 25 μg/ml in humans, and exhibits sexual dimorphism, with higher levels observed in females [11]. It has been shown that serum Adp le ...
Stahl_3rd_ch19_Part2..
... Sedative hypnotics include barbiturates and related agents such as ethchlorvynol and ethinamate, chloral hydrate and derivatives, and piperidinedione derivatives such as glutethimide and methyprylon. Experts often include alcohol, benzodiazepines, and Z drug hypnotics in this class as well. The mech ...
... Sedative hypnotics include barbiturates and related agents such as ethchlorvynol and ethinamate, chloral hydrate and derivatives, and piperidinedione derivatives such as glutethimide and methyprylon. Experts often include alcohol, benzodiazepines, and Z drug hypnotics in this class as well. The mech ...
Hyperthyroid Grave`s disease
... The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior and lateral to the larynx. it receives a rich blood supply and secretes two closely related hormones, thyroxine (T4, tetra-iodothyronine) and tri-iodothyronine (T3). These hormones are the only iodine-containing substanc ...
... The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior and lateral to the larynx. it receives a rich blood supply and secretes two closely related hormones, thyroxine (T4, tetra-iodothyronine) and tri-iodothyronine (T3). These hormones are the only iodine-containing substanc ...
this paper - MisterSyracuse.com
... that Hg in their bodies from long periods of time. After you eat fish or other foods that are contaminated with methylmercury, about 95% of the consumed methylmercury enters your bloodstream easily and goes rapidly to other parts of your body. The methylmercury can easily be converted to inorganic H ...
... that Hg in their bodies from long periods of time. After you eat fish or other foods that are contaminated with methylmercury, about 95% of the consumed methylmercury enters your bloodstream easily and goes rapidly to other parts of your body. The methylmercury can easily be converted to inorganic H ...
Slide 1
... This mutually inhibitory interaction produces conditions analogous to an electrical flip-flop switch whereby the alternate states of sleep and waking are self-reinforcing but intermediate states are unstable and transient. This results in rapid transitions from waking to sleep and vice versa. Orexin ...
... This mutually inhibitory interaction produces conditions analogous to an electrical flip-flop switch whereby the alternate states of sleep and waking are self-reinforcing but intermediate states are unstable and transient. This results in rapid transitions from waking to sleep and vice versa. Orexin ...
T 4 -binding globulin
... • Embryogenesis begins on the floor of the primitive oral cavity, and the gland descends to its definitive position in the anterior lower neck by the end of the first trimester. Thyroid glands that do not reach the normal location are ectopic but may retain function; however, the glands most often ...
... • Embryogenesis begins on the floor of the primitive oral cavity, and the gland descends to its definitive position in the anterior lower neck by the end of the first trimester. Thyroid glands that do not reach the normal location are ectopic but may retain function; however, the glands most often ...
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, PDF
... 1. T4 is released in higher concentration than T3. 2. T4 is less active than T3 (i.e. behaves as a ‘prohormone’). 3. T4 is converted in the periphery by 5’-deiodinase to T3, the biologically active form of thyroid hormone. ...
... 1. T4 is released in higher concentration than T3. 2. T4 is less active than T3 (i.e. behaves as a ‘prohormone’). 3. T4 is converted in the periphery by 5’-deiodinase to T3, the biologically active form of thyroid hormone. ...
Thyroid Gland Diseases
... bound to the plasma thyroid hormonebinding protein (TBP) Thyroxine-binding globulin. Thyroid produces only 8 μg of T4 and 4 μg T3 daily. Serum T3 concentration is usually low because of reduced conversation from T4. ...
... bound to the plasma thyroid hormonebinding protein (TBP) Thyroxine-binding globulin. Thyroid produces only 8 μg of T4 and 4 μg T3 daily. Serum T3 concentration is usually low because of reduced conversation from T4. ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COURSE - ENDOCRINE MODULE
... months. By far, this is the more common presentation. Menstrual Physiology Every month for 35 years or more, during the active reproductive phase of a woman’s life and in the absence of pregnancy, menstrual bleeding should occur. The initiation of reproductive life is heralded by the first occurrenc ...
... months. By far, this is the more common presentation. Menstrual Physiology Every month for 35 years or more, during the active reproductive phase of a woman’s life and in the absence of pregnancy, menstrual bleeding should occur. The initiation of reproductive life is heralded by the first occurrenc ...
THYROID DISORDERS
... IODIDE (food, water) concentrated in thyroid gland ORGANIC IODIDE TYROSINE IN INTRAFOLLICULAR THYROGLOBULIN IODINATED TO MONOIODOTYROSINE AND DIIODOTYROSINE 2+2= TETRAIODOTHTYRONINE (THYROXINE, T4) or 2+1=TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) ...
... IODIDE (food, water) concentrated in thyroid gland ORGANIC IODIDE TYROSINE IN INTRAFOLLICULAR THYROGLOBULIN IODINATED TO MONOIODOTYROSINE AND DIIODOTYROSINE 2+2= TETRAIODOTHTYRONINE (THYROXINE, T4) or 2+1=TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) ...
Document
... 6. T3 and T4 effects in nervous system development The appearance of the thyroid in rats occurs approximately at the ninth embryonic day (E9) [27]. In this step, the gland already concentrates thyroglobulin and is able to perform the uptake of iodine. Basically, hormone embryo source is maternal. Th ...
... 6. T3 and T4 effects in nervous system development The appearance of the thyroid in rats occurs approximately at the ninth embryonic day (E9) [27]. In this step, the gland already concentrates thyroglobulin and is able to perform the uptake of iodine. Basically, hormone embryo source is maternal. Th ...
Calculating Thyroid Replacement Hormones (Synthroid, Cytomel
... stimulate other endocrine glands including the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a 2-lobe gland located on each side of the trachea. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also called (thyrotropin) is produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland. Thyroid stimulating hormone secretion ...
... stimulate other endocrine glands including the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a 2-lobe gland located on each side of the trachea. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also called (thyrotropin) is produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland. Thyroid stimulating hormone secretion ...
Thyroid gland
... Causes . Most cases of Cushing syndrome are the result of administration of exogenous glucocorticoidis to treat many diseases Other causes are: 1.High ACTH from the hypothalamus 2.High cortisol by adrenal adenoma 3. High ectopic ACTH by different neoplasm ...
... Causes . Most cases of Cushing syndrome are the result of administration of exogenous glucocorticoidis to treat many diseases Other causes are: 1.High ACTH from the hypothalamus 2.High cortisol by adrenal adenoma 3. High ectopic ACTH by different neoplasm ...
Steroid metabolism and effects in central and peripheral glial cells
... Labrie et al., 1992; Normington and Russell, 1992; Russell and Wilson, 1994; Levy et al., 1995). In men, the type 1 5a-R gene, on chromosome 5, is composed of five exons and four introns and produces a protein of 259 amino acids. The type 2 5a-R gene, located on chromosome 2, has a similar structure ...
... Labrie et al., 1992; Normington and Russell, 1992; Russell and Wilson, 1994; Levy et al., 1995). In men, the type 1 5a-R gene, on chromosome 5, is composed of five exons and four introns and produces a protein of 259 amino acids. The type 2 5a-R gene, located on chromosome 2, has a similar structure ...
Document
... Caused by infiltration of skin with complex water retaining carbohydrate molecules. Symptoms: The patient becomes sluggish both mentally and physically and often feels cold. The hair becomes dry and the skin becomes dry and waxy. The tissues of the face swell. Treatment: – If diagnosed early, can be ...
... Caused by infiltration of skin with complex water retaining carbohydrate molecules. Symptoms: The patient becomes sluggish both mentally and physically and often feels cold. The hair becomes dry and the skin becomes dry and waxy. The tissues of the face swell. Treatment: – If diagnosed early, can be ...
ACTH-secreting `apudoma` of gallbladder
... interest in the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cell system proposed by Pearse (1966, 1968) and Dawson (1970). These cells occur widely throughout the gut but also in the pituitary, thyroid, bronchus, pancreatic islets, and prostate. Their two distinctive properties are that they t ...
... interest in the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cell system proposed by Pearse (1966, 1968) and Dawson (1970). These cells occur widely throughout the gut but also in the pituitary, thyroid, bronchus, pancreatic islets, and prostate. Their two distinctive properties are that they t ...
Caudate Infarcts and Hemorrhages
... ventricle, whereas its inferior part is attached to the internal capsule. Finally, the lateral part of the body is attached to the corona radiate, while the medial part is attached to the thalamus. The tail, first travels to the thalamus and back, and then moves below the internal capsule, thereby d ...
... ventricle, whereas its inferior part is attached to the internal capsule. Finally, the lateral part of the body is attached to the corona radiate, while the medial part is attached to the thalamus. The tail, first travels to the thalamus and back, and then moves below the internal capsule, thereby d ...
Hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone deficiency. It can be due to
... What: The thyroid gland helps to maintain a healthy metabolism by producing and releasing iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). They help regulate the body's growth, metabolism, digestion, body temperature and heartbeat. When the thyroid gland produces a deficie ...
... What: The thyroid gland helps to maintain a healthy metabolism by producing and releasing iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). They help regulate the body's growth, metabolism, digestion, body temperature and heartbeat. When the thyroid gland produces a deficie ...
Menopause and PMS The Menstrual Cycle The monthly menstrual
... These are caused by an increased activity in the hypothalamus gland in the brain. The hypothalamus is often referred to as the body’s thermostat. It is responsible for controlling your appetite, sex hormones, sleep cycles and body temperature. During the menopause the gland somehow turns up the ther ...
... These are caused by an increased activity in the hypothalamus gland in the brain. The hypothalamus is often referred to as the body’s thermostat. It is responsible for controlling your appetite, sex hormones, sleep cycles and body temperature. During the menopause the gland somehow turns up the ther ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... EPSPs to ST stimulation are blocked by non-NMDA antagonists (Figure 2), but are unaffected by NMDA receptor or channel antagonists (Andresen and Yang, 1990, 1994). Thus, it appears likely that for Baroreceptor, as well as other sensory afferents, fast synaptic transmission is mediated primarily by G ...
... EPSPs to ST stimulation are blocked by non-NMDA antagonists (Figure 2), but are unaffected by NMDA receptor or channel antagonists (Andresen and Yang, 1990, 1994). Thus, it appears likely that for Baroreceptor, as well as other sensory afferents, fast synaptic transmission is mediated primarily by G ...
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑπό, ""under"" and θάλαμος, ""room, chamber"") is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem and is part of the limbic system. In the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. In humans, it is the size of an almond.The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.