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Amenorrhea in the Adolescent
Amenorrhea in the Adolescent

... Chronic disease Eating disorder Excessive exercise Psychosocial stress ...
hormones
hormones

... • surrounds adrenal medulla and produces more than 25 steroid hormones called corticosteroids or corticoids • secretes 3 classes of steroid hormones – mineralocorticoids – glucocorticoids – sex steroids ...
Response to the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
Response to the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist

... It is therefore possible that the lower dose of testosterone used in our study did not completely compromise the estradiol positive feedback and ovulation did occur in these sheep. Leuprolide has been used in human and animal studies. In boys and girls, leuprolide acetate stimulates gonadotropin and ...
ch16_wcr
ch16_wcr

... Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands (on dorsal aspect of thyroid gland) Thymus ...
Assessment and Management of Patients With Endocrine Disorders
Assessment and Management of Patients With Endocrine Disorders

... complications can be minimized by pre operative iodide administration to reduce the size & vascularity of goiter. ...
Andropause: Pathophysiology, Problems, and
Andropause: Pathophysiology, Problems, and

... microscopic and macroscopic measures of muscle function in young and older men with testosterone deficiency. Many clinicians have been concerned, however, that testosterone supplementation may result in high serum cholesterol concentrations or other risk factors for heart disease. In this regard, te ...
BIOL242Ch16EndocrineSEP2012
BIOL242Ch16EndocrineSEP2012

... throughout the body, promotes protein synthesis •  Causes liver to release somatomedins, which act on many cells too and mediate the majority of GH effects •  Production regulated by 2 hypothalamic hormones: –  growth hormone–releasing hormone (GH–RH) –  growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (GH–IH) als ...
Module D hormones
Module D hormones

... estrogenic effects • Characterized by masculinization of women feminization of men premature sexual development of children Hyperadrenalism  Cushing’s Syndrome • Results from increased adrenocortical secretion of cortisol • Causes include: ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary (Cushing’s diseas ...
BIOL242Ch16EndocrineSEP2012
BIOL242Ch16EndocrineSEP2012

... • Function is glucose sparing: causes adipocytes to release fatty acids that other cells can use instead of glucose • Anti-inflammatory effects • Negative feedback: Glucocorticoids have an inhibitory effect on both of the hormones that stimulate their release: – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) ...
Endocrine Disease in the White House
Endocrine Disease in the White House

... • Function is glucose sparing: causes adipocytes to release fatty acids that other cells can use instead of glucose • Anti-inflammatory effects • Negative feedback: Glucocorticoids have an inhibitory effect on both of the hormones that stimulate their release: – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) ...
Chapter16 Endocrine
Chapter16 Endocrine

... • Increases sensitivity of salt receptors in taste buds • Secreted in response to: – drop in blood Na+, blood volume, or blood pressure or rise in blood K+ concentration – Renin-angiotensin mechanism – kidneys release renin, which is converted into angiotensin II that in turn stimulates aldosterone ...
包爱民_下丘脑与垂体的内分泌功能
包爱民_下丘脑与垂体的内分泌功能

... • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) – Triggers the release of thyroid hormones – Thyrotropin releasing hormone promotes the release of TSH • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) – Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland – Corticotrophin releasing hormone causes the secretion of ...
Chapter 2, Introduction to the vertebrate endocrine system
Chapter 2, Introduction to the vertebrate endocrine system

... Area and activity can change over life – obvious one, gonads pre and post-puberty ...
Brain and Female Anatomy
Brain and Female Anatomy

... – Most species, completely surrounded by a thin membrane, the infundibulum, which is a part of the oviduct. ...
Acquired hypothyroidism in a 6 year old girl with
Acquired hypothyroidism in a 6 year old girl with

... ovaries, which resolved rapidly with thyroid replacement, galactorrhea, vaginal bleeding which is rarely isolated [2- 6], and lack of pubic and axillary hair development which is secondary to normal adrenal hormonogenesis [8]. In patients with Down’s syndrome, it is not easy to identify cognitive im ...
Hormones - Del Mar College
Hormones - Del Mar College

... Chronic Stress and Elevated Cortisol  Chronic stress can produce high cortisol levels • Impairs growth, healing, sexual function, memory • High blood pressure and blood sugar ...
ADRENOCORTICAL DEFICIENCY
ADRENOCORTICAL DEFICIENCY

... Fludrocortisone Doses • Usually 50 - 200 mcg daily • Excessive doses of fludrocortisone or hydrocortisone may result in: • unacceptable weight gain • edema • hypertension ...
20 Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea
20 Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea

... expenditure, especially in disciplines where low body weight for performance and aesthetics is needed (Golden & Carlson, 2008). In particular, in athletes there is a risk of amenorrhea three times higher than in general population, with predominance between long-distance runners (Warren & Goodman, 2 ...
Effect of hyperparathyroidism on endothelial
Effect of hyperparathyroidism on endothelial

... Background: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased mortality risk of cardiovascular disease, and this appears to decrease with time after parathyroidectomy. Our study aimed to determine the association between endothelial function, Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness (C ...
Chapter 45 – Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 45 – Hormones and the Endocrine System

... The thyroid plays a crucial role in vertebrate development and maturation. ...
Effects of Testosterone on Pain Threshold
Effects of Testosterone on Pain Threshold

... studies indicating association between sex steroid hormones and pain [7], [8]. Recent studies also show that testosterone metabolites are potential agents for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain [9]. Contrary to our findings, there are reports showing that there is not a clear relation betwee ...
(Macrogol 3350) in a girl with congenital adrenal insufficiency
(Macrogol 3350) in a girl with congenital adrenal insufficiency

... Introduction Adrenal insufficiency is relatively rare in children and may be categorized as primary or secondary and congenital or acquired [1]. Primary adrenal insufficiency can be caused by a deficiency in steroid biosynthesis or abnormal adrenal gland development. It is a life-threatening disorde ...
Cortisol, Insulin and Your Health
Cortisol, Insulin and Your Health

... a partial list. The important cardiovascular and metabolic impacts of high cortisol are detailed below. Insulin opens your cell wall membranes to take in glucose. It does this by stimulating insulin receptor sites embedded in the cell walls. Insulin is a storage hormone. It acts to move glucose into ...
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System

... is then released into the blood until homeostasis is regained. On the other hand, if there is too much glucose in the blood it usually means you are resting, and your cells don’t need as much glucose. So, beta cells in the pancreas produce insulin, which causes blood glucose to be converted back int ...
Pregnancy complicated by spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation
Pregnancy complicated by spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation

... The clinical presentation of hyperreactio luteinalis can mimic OHSS, but this syndrome is observed in the first trimester [16]. Virilization is seen in up to 25% of patients [15]. Our patient developed her signs in the second trimester and no androgenization was observed. High levels of hCG are not ...
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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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