Endocrine System
... a. Fetal/congenital (cretinism): decreased mental growth, obesity, dwarfism b. Acquired/adult (myxedema): fatigue, increased desire to sleep, edema, bags under the eyes, rough voice, decreased heart rate 4. Hyperfunction a. Graves’ disease: an autoimmune disease that stimulates TSH; intolerance to h ...
... a. Fetal/congenital (cretinism): decreased mental growth, obesity, dwarfism b. Acquired/adult (myxedema): fatigue, increased desire to sleep, edema, bags under the eyes, rough voice, decreased heart rate 4. Hyperfunction a. Graves’ disease: an autoimmune disease that stimulates TSH; intolerance to h ...
Autoimmunity - Lehigh University
... hormones (TSH) •The binding of TSH to a receptor on thyroid cells activates adenylate cyclase and stimulates the synthesis of two thyroid hormones: thyroxine and triiodothyronine •A person with Grave’s Disease makes auto-antibodies to the receptor for TSH. The binding of these auto-antibodies to the ...
... hormones (TSH) •The binding of TSH to a receptor on thyroid cells activates adenylate cyclase and stimulates the synthesis of two thyroid hormones: thyroxine and triiodothyronine •A person with Grave’s Disease makes auto-antibodies to the receptor for TSH. The binding of these auto-antibodies to the ...
Principles of endocrinology
... – T4 has a long (7 days) circulating half-life, consequently more than 1 months is required to reach a new steady state, but single daily doses are sufficient to achieve constant hormpne levels. – T3 has a short hal life (1 day), it must be administered two or three times per day. ...
... – T4 has a long (7 days) circulating half-life, consequently more than 1 months is required to reach a new steady state, but single daily doses are sufficient to achieve constant hormpne levels. – T3 has a short hal life (1 day), it must be administered two or three times per day. ...
Summary - Jones & Bartlett Learning
... • Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone − Signs may include • Enlarged vagina in female infants • Signs of puberty in male infants • Short stature and severe acne ...
... • Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone − Signs may include • Enlarged vagina in female infants • Signs of puberty in male infants • Short stature and severe acne ...
Chapter 26 - Scranton Prep Biology
... to manufacture horit impossible for the monesnecessaryfor normal development. a. thyroid gland b. posterior pituitary c. adrenal cortex d. pineal gland e. pancreas 10. As a young girl, Maria suffered a head injury that damaged her pituitary. An injury to the pituitary is particularly seriousbecauseo ...
... to manufacture horit impossible for the monesnecessaryfor normal development. a. thyroid gland b. posterior pituitary c. adrenal cortex d. pineal gland e. pancreas 10. As a young girl, Maria suffered a head injury that damaged her pituitary. An injury to the pituitary is particularly seriousbecauseo ...
Physiology Unit 2 Study Sheet
... 2. For each endocrine gland or tissue that releases hormones list the hormones they secrete, state its target tissue, and list what effect that hormone has on the body. Be able to match a hormone to the tissue that releases it, a hormone to its function, and a hormone to its target tissue. 3. What c ...
... 2. For each endocrine gland or tissue that releases hormones list the hormones they secrete, state its target tissue, and list what effect that hormone has on the body. Be able to match a hormone to the tissue that releases it, a hormone to its function, and a hormone to its target tissue. 3. What c ...
endocrinology - Endo, GIT, Urology, Cardio - misiek
... Normal Findings: AM: <80 pg/ml or <18 pmol/L (SI units) PM: <50 pg/ml or <11 pmol/L (SI units) Indications: The serum ACTH study is a test of that affords to differentiate the causes of either Cushing's syndrome (overproduction of cortisol) or Addison's disease (underproduction of cortisol). Cortico ...
... Normal Findings: AM: <80 pg/ml or <18 pmol/L (SI units) PM: <50 pg/ml or <11 pmol/L (SI units) Indications: The serum ACTH study is a test of that affords to differentiate the causes of either Cushing's syndrome (overproduction of cortisol) or Addison's disease (underproduction of cortisol). Cortico ...
Differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of therapeutic iodine 131
... who are hypothyroid, an idea that Park et al.20 also seem to share. In hypothyroid patients, renal function and renal clearance of 131I are markedly decreased (50%) as compared to euthyroid patients receiving rhTSH.20 An additional parameter that influences the effective half-life of 131I is probabl ...
... who are hypothyroid, an idea that Park et al.20 also seem to share. In hypothyroid patients, renal function and renal clearance of 131I are markedly decreased (50%) as compared to euthyroid patients receiving rhTSH.20 An additional parameter that influences the effective half-life of 131I is probabl ...
Thyroid Hormone Dependent Regulation of Target Genes
... reaction (Q-RT-PCR) was applied. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide was used to determine whether the regulation was direct or indirect. A promoter assay further showed that T3 regulation was largely at the level of transcription. Although those genes were isolated from a human tumor cel ...
... reaction (Q-RT-PCR) was applied. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide was used to determine whether the regulation was direct or indirect. A promoter assay further showed that T3 regulation was largely at the level of transcription. Although those genes were isolated from a human tumor cel ...
Lecture 35 (Motivation)
... Goal of long-term feeding behavior: Maintain long-term energy stores (fat). Fat has twice the energy (per weight) as glucose and doesn’t require excess water storage like glucose (fat isn’t osmotically active). The body has a set-point for the amount of fat it would like stored on the body. ...
... Goal of long-term feeding behavior: Maintain long-term energy stores (fat). Fat has twice the energy (per weight) as glucose and doesn’t require excess water storage like glucose (fat isn’t osmotically active). The body has a set-point for the amount of fat it would like stored on the body. ...
clinical disorders of pituitary
... CUSHING SYNDROME vs. CUSHING DISEASE • CUSHING’S SYNDROME: Is a syndrome due to excess cortisol from pituitary, adrenal or other sources (exogenous glucocorticoids, ectopic ACTH, etc.) • CUSHING’S DISEASE: Is hypercortisolism due to excess pituitary secretion of ACTH ...
... CUSHING SYNDROME vs. CUSHING DISEASE • CUSHING’S SYNDROME: Is a syndrome due to excess cortisol from pituitary, adrenal or other sources (exogenous glucocorticoids, ectopic ACTH, etc.) • CUSHING’S DISEASE: Is hypercortisolism due to excess pituitary secretion of ACTH ...
Parathyroidectomy Purpose The parathyroid glands are a set of four
... preserved. If the nerve is injured there can be temporary or permanent weakness of the vocal cord. If this occurs on one side you can be hoarse and/or have some swallowing difficulties. If that occurs on both sides you may have difficulty breathing. The incidence of permanent nerve injury is about 1 ...
... preserved. If the nerve is injured there can be temporary or permanent weakness of the vocal cord. If this occurs on one side you can be hoarse and/or have some swallowing difficulties. If that occurs on both sides you may have difficulty breathing. The incidence of permanent nerve injury is about 1 ...
ENDOCTRINOLOGY REFERRAL
... If hyperthyroid with Graves’ disease, consider starting carbimazole + beta blocker (after discussion with endocrinologist) followed by semi-urgent clinic appointment. FBE essential before starting carbimazole or propylthiouracil; all patients must be warned of risk of drug-induced agranulocytosis. T ...
... If hyperthyroid with Graves’ disease, consider starting carbimazole + beta blocker (after discussion with endocrinologist) followed by semi-urgent clinic appointment. FBE essential before starting carbimazole or propylthiouracil; all patients must be warned of risk of drug-induced agranulocytosis. T ...
Replacement therapy with levothyroxine plus triiodothyronine
... related symptoms. Psychological well-being occurs often just at T4 doses higher than necessary to normalize the plasma levels of TSH (Carr et al., 1988; Saravanan et al., 2002). There is evidence from recent controlled clinical studies suggesting that substitution of T3 for a small portion of the T4 ...
... related symptoms. Psychological well-being occurs often just at T4 doses higher than necessary to normalize the plasma levels of TSH (Carr et al., 1988; Saravanan et al., 2002). There is evidence from recent controlled clinical studies suggesting that substitution of T3 for a small portion of the T4 ...
Endocrinology 11
... 44. Testosterone inhibits the formation and secretion of LH but not the FSH a. testosterone decreases the frequency and the amplitude of the secreted gonadotropines, only after the aromatization into estradiol in the Hypophysis b. testosterone decreases the pulse frequency of the gonadotropin releas ...
... 44. Testosterone inhibits the formation and secretion of LH but not the FSH a. testosterone decreases the frequency and the amplitude of the secreted gonadotropines, only after the aromatization into estradiol in the Hypophysis b. testosterone decreases the pulse frequency of the gonadotropin releas ...
Endocrinology Features of Endocrine system:
... • Thyroid hormones increases the rate of body metabolism (BMR) • Amount of energy required for an organism to survive in a resting stage • Varies from person to person depending on height, weight, age, stress etc • It is important for growth and development (protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolis ...
... • Thyroid hormones increases the rate of body metabolism (BMR) • Amount of energy required for an organism to survive in a resting stage • Varies from person to person depending on height, weight, age, stress etc • It is important for growth and development (protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolis ...
1 - ISpatula
... metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and other molecules to produce ATP under basal conditions such as (awake, rest, fasting). • Enhances catecholamines actions because they increase βreceptors synthesis. • Together with growth hormone and insulin , Thyroid hormones induce body growth and especially d ...
... metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and other molecules to produce ATP under basal conditions such as (awake, rest, fasting). • Enhances catecholamines actions because they increase βreceptors synthesis. • Together with growth hormone and insulin , Thyroid hormones induce body growth and especially d ...
Publication : Down syndrome and coexistent autoimmune
... The onset of the disorder is usually insidious. Most patients have a euthyroid goiter or a goiter with mild hypothyroidism, and sometimes the child exhibits hypothyroidism with growth retardation. A few children have clinical symptoms suggestive for hyperthyroidism such as nervousness, irritability, ...
... The onset of the disorder is usually insidious. Most patients have a euthyroid goiter or a goiter with mild hypothyroidism, and sometimes the child exhibits hypothyroidism with growth retardation. A few children have clinical symptoms suggestive for hyperthyroidism such as nervousness, irritability, ...
chapt11_lecture
... 2. Inhibits dissolution of calcium from bone and stimulates excretion of calcium in the kidneys to lower blood calcium levels ...
... 2. Inhibits dissolution of calcium from bone and stimulates excretion of calcium in the kidneys to lower blood calcium levels ...
Thyroiditis
... Four parathyroid glands are found near the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland. They are small (20-40 mg) and have a beanlike shape. These 4 glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps to maintain calcium homeostasis by acting on the renal tubule as well as calcium stores in the skeletal ...
... Four parathyroid glands are found near the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland. They are small (20-40 mg) and have a beanlike shape. These 4 glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps to maintain calcium homeostasis by acting on the renal tubule as well as calcium stores in the skeletal ...
Endocrine system
... keep blood glucose levels down within the normal range. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form – the body does not use insulin as it should. Sometimes this can be treated without the need for extra insulin. In type 1 diabetes patients take insulin because they are no longer able to make it. Over ti ...
... keep blood glucose levels down within the normal range. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form – the body does not use insulin as it should. Sometimes this can be treated without the need for extra insulin. In type 1 diabetes patients take insulin because they are no longer able to make it. Over ti ...
Chpt. 9 Endocrine System Review
... 20. Name 3 ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to release their hormones & give one example of each way. 21. Hat are tropic hormones? 22. Name 3 hormone antagonists of insulin & 1 of PTH. 23. What causes a simple goiter? 24. The posterior pituitary is not really an endocrine gland. Why not ...
... 20. Name 3 ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to release their hormones & give one example of each way. 21. Hat are tropic hormones? 22. Name 3 hormone antagonists of insulin & 1 of PTH. 23. What causes a simple goiter? 24. The posterior pituitary is not really an endocrine gland. Why not ...
Chapter 1 Goals
... The islets of Langerhans produce insulin (produced by beta cells) & glucagon (produced by alpha cells). Both play a role regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose rises, insulin lowers blood sugar by helping it enter body cells. If blood glucose levels fall too low, glucagon raises blo ...
... The islets of Langerhans produce insulin (produced by beta cells) & glucagon (produced by alpha cells). Both play a role regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose rises, insulin lowers blood sugar by helping it enter body cells. If blood glucose levels fall too low, glucagon raises blo ...
Chemical Signals in Animals: Endocrine System and Hormonal
... Thyroid hormones function in: 1) development 2) bioenergetics 3) homeostasis ...
... Thyroid hormones function in: 1) development 2) bioenergetics 3) homeostasis ...
Graves' disease
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter and Flajani-Basedow-Graves disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It frequently results in hyperthyroidism and an enlarged thyroid. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea, and weight loss. Other symptoms may include thickening of the skin on the shins, known as pretibial myxedema, and eye problems such as bulging, a condition known as Graves' ophthalmopathy. About 25% to 80% of people develop eye problems.The exact cause is unclear; however, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A person is more likely to be affected if they have a family member with the disease. If one twin is affected there is a 30% chance the other twin will also have the disease. The onset of disease may be triggered by stress, infection, or giving birth. Those with other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to be affected. Smoking increases the risk of disease and may make the eye problems worse. The disorder results from an antibody, called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). These antibodies cause the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone. The diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms with blood tests and radioiodine uptake used to confirm the disease. Typically blood tests show a raised T3 and T4, low TSH, increased radioiodine uptake in all areas of the thyroid, and TSI antibodies.There are three treatment options: radioiodine therapy, medications, and thyroid surgery. Radioiodine therapy involves taking iodine-131 by mouth which is then concentrated in and destroys the thyroid over weeks to months. The resulting hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone. Medications such as beta blockers may control the symptoms and anti-thyroid medications such as methimazole may temporarily help people while other treatments are having effect. Surgery to remove the thyroid is another option. Eye problems may require additional treatments.Graves' disease occurs in about 0.5% of people. It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than men. Often it starts between the ages of forty and sixty. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50% to 80% of cases). The condition is named after Robert Graves who described it in 1835. A number of prior descriptions also exist.