In Defence of Indispensability
... we really ought to be committed to entities which are indispensable to our best scientific theories. In the face of these worries, indispensability arguments do not enjoy the widespread support they used to. Indeed, for mathematical realists such as myself, who think that indispensability arguments ...
... we really ought to be committed to entities which are indispensable to our best scientific theories. In the face of these worries, indispensability arguments do not enjoy the widespread support they used to. Indeed, for mathematical realists such as myself, who think that indispensability arguments ...
SWINB.URNE`S ARGUMENT FROM CONSCIOUSNESS
... In The Existence of God, the second book in his trilogy on issues in philosophical theology, Richard Swinburne presents a sequence of inductive arguments for God's existence. 1 In this paper I try to refute one interesting but hitherto overlooked member of this sequence, viz., "The Argument From Con ...
... In The Existence of God, the second book in his trilogy on issues in philosophical theology, Richard Swinburne presents a sequence of inductive arguments for God's existence. 1 In this paper I try to refute one interesting but hitherto overlooked member of this sequence, viz., "The Argument From Con ...
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument
... being that exists in reality as well as in the understanding seems greater than an otherwise similar one that exists just in the understanding.2 These two claims imply the contradictory thought that we can imagine a being greater than the greatest imaginable being. Thus, the original atheist supposi ...
... being that exists in reality as well as in the understanding seems greater than an otherwise similar one that exists just in the understanding.2 These two claims imply the contradictory thought that we can imagine a being greater than the greatest imaginable being. Thus, the original atheist supposi ...
On the Logic of the Ontological Argument
... of predicate logic (with identity) apply to the constants and variables. However, the predicate logic of descriptions must be ‘free’, since these terms may fail to denote. This means that one cannot generalize upon a description ıxϕ without first asserting ∃y(y = ıxϕ). Specifically, one may not infe ...
... of predicate logic (with identity) apply to the constants and variables. However, the predicate logic of descriptions must be ‘free’, since these terms may fail to denote. This means that one cannot generalize upon a description ıxϕ without first asserting ∃y(y = ıxϕ). Specifically, one may not infe ...
Pragmatism Lite - NYU Philosophy
... does both. But in this he is multiply confused. There are two distinct ways of reading the claim that ideas are not out there but are rather tools, depending on whether one takes it to be making a point about what beliefs are or a point about how beliefs are caused. Menand never sufficiently recogni ...
... does both. But in this he is multiply confused. There are two distinct ways of reading the claim that ideas are not out there but are rather tools, depending on whether one takes it to be making a point about what beliefs are or a point about how beliefs are caused. Menand never sufficiently recogni ...
Reason and Argument Lecture 2: Arguments and Validity
... are true, then the conclusion must be true. For various reasons, philosophers have an interest in conclusive arguments (at least, apparently conclusive arguments). We are going to begin to provide a systematic account of good reasoning. It turns out that it is much harder to provide a systematic acc ...
... are true, then the conclusion must be true. For various reasons, philosophers have an interest in conclusive arguments (at least, apparently conclusive arguments). We are going to begin to provide a systematic account of good reasoning. It turns out that it is much harder to provide a systematic acc ...
Lean Hog -- February - Iowa State University
... previously held beliefs are either false or unfounded. We need, he believes, a firm foundation on which to place our knowledge, to insure that our beliefs will be true. ...
... previously held beliefs are either false or unfounded. We need, he believes, a firm foundation on which to place our knowledge, to insure that our beliefs will be true. ...
James Warren, Facing Death, Epicurus and his Critics (Book Review)
... before one has completed one's goals in life); and 4) the fear of the process of dying. JW claims that "there is no single Epicurean 'argument against death'. Rather, they had an armoury of arguments which could be deployed against the various different kinds of fear of death" (4). Thus, JW organize ...
... before one has completed one's goals in life); and 4) the fear of the process of dying. JW claims that "there is no single Epicurean 'argument against death'. Rather, they had an armoury of arguments which could be deployed against the various different kinds of fear of death" (4). Thus, JW organize ...
Basic Concepts and Distinctions - The University of Texas at Arlington
... life-saving medicine, but that I, a physician, have only enough medicine for one of them. Obviously, I would like to save all the needy people, and would do so if I could, but the situation constrains me. I must make a tragic choice. 9 In what is called a “many-valued logic,” there are more than two ...
... life-saving medicine, but that I, a physician, have only enough medicine for one of them. Obviously, I would like to save all the needy people, and would do so if I could, but the situation constrains me. I must make a tragic choice. 9 In what is called a “many-valued logic,” there are more than two ...
Leiter, Brian / Weisberg, Michael 2012.10.03 in The Nation: Reviewd
... In support of his skepticism, Nagel writes: “The world is an astonishing place, and the idea that we have in our possession the basic tools needed to understand it is no more credible now than it was in Aristotle’s day.” This seems to us perhaps the most startling sentence in all of Mind and Cosmos. ...
... In support of his skepticism, Nagel writes: “The world is an astonishing place, and the idea that we have in our possession the basic tools needed to understand it is no more credible now than it was in Aristotle’s day.” This seems to us perhaps the most startling sentence in all of Mind and Cosmos. ...
The Ontological Meta-Argument
... that you are actual.6 For if you are actual, and you don’t believe it, you will fail to be motivated to do much of anything that matters—and that matters a good deal. Whereas if you aren’t actual, and you falsely believe that you are, well, it doesn’t really matter. But if the ontological metaargume ...
... that you are actual.6 For if you are actual, and you don’t believe it, you will fail to be motivated to do much of anything that matters—and that matters a good deal. Whereas if you aren’t actual, and you falsely believe that you are, well, it doesn’t really matter. But if the ontological metaargume ...
deductive reasoning
... Q: Should we view religious texts and religions as based on mythical or rational thinking? Points for discussion: Some scientists might, for example, claim that religious belief is governed entirely by mythical thinking. The appeal to supernatural beings might suggest a mythical dimension. Som ...
... Q: Should we view religious texts and religions as based on mythical or rational thinking? Points for discussion: Some scientists might, for example, claim that religious belief is governed entirely by mythical thinking. The appeal to supernatural beings might suggest a mythical dimension. Som ...
Argument Mapping and Teaching Critical Thinking
... [edit] Types of diagramming software User-generated diagrams. As computer users seek to represent visual information, such as a flowchart, tools such as Schematic, SmartDraw, Dia, OmniGraffle, Microsoft Visio, Inspiration, ConceptDraw 7, allow them to express the information in the form of a diagram ...
... [edit] Types of diagramming software User-generated diagrams. As computer users seek to represent visual information, such as a flowchart, tools such as Schematic, SmartDraw, Dia, OmniGraffle, Microsoft Visio, Inspiration, ConceptDraw 7, allow them to express the information in the form of a diagram ...
How do logic and argument play a role in developing humour
... window was broken the humour comes from the fact that the person who threw the brick is annoyed that the brick was chipped in the process and argues with the other person. This surprises readers; it’s not what you would expect. The logical conversation would go the other way. This argument can be co ...
... window was broken the humour comes from the fact that the person who threw the brick is annoyed that the brick was chipped in the process and argues with the other person. This surprises readers; it’s not what you would expect. The logical conversation would go the other way. This argument can be co ...
Deductive Arguments
... Deductive arguments attempt to show that something follows conclusively from a set of premises. A successful deductive argument is described as deductively valid. Look at the following argument: Premise 1 – The Queen’s dog is infested with fleas. Premise 2 – All fleas are bacteria. Conclusion – The ...
... Deductive arguments attempt to show that something follows conclusively from a set of premises. A successful deductive argument is described as deductively valid. Look at the following argument: Premise 1 – The Queen’s dog is infested with fleas. Premise 2 – All fleas are bacteria. Conclusion – The ...
The Logical Argument is not Bankrupt
... how a world with humans endowed with free-will is better than a world without any evil whatsoever. Why should it not be the case that an unfree world with no evil in it is better than a free world with some evil in it? The theist simply begs the question here. However, let’s suppose that the theist ...
... how a world with humans endowed with free-will is better than a world without any evil whatsoever. Why should it not be the case that an unfree world with no evil in it is better than a free world with some evil in it? The theist simply begs the question here. However, let’s suppose that the theist ...
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World
... And who can fail to recognize Stove’s picture of another group of players in the intellectual world? The cultural-relativist, for example, inveighs bitterly against our science-based, white-male cultural perspective. She says that it is not only injurious but cognitively limiting. Injurious it may b ...
... And who can fail to recognize Stove’s picture of another group of players in the intellectual world? The cultural-relativist, for example, inveighs bitterly against our science-based, white-male cultural perspective. She says that it is not only injurious but cognitively limiting. Injurious it may b ...
Philosophy 120 Symbolic Logic I H. Hamner Hill
... mathematicians of the 20th Century. Today’s mathematicians are still trying to prove some of his theorems. • He insisted that his ideas came to him in dreams, presented by the Goddess Namakaal. Even if this is true, it doesn’t concern the logician. • Logicians are interested in the justification of ...
... mathematicians of the 20th Century. Today’s mathematicians are still trying to prove some of his theorems. • He insisted that his ideas came to him in dreams, presented by the Goddess Namakaal. Even if this is true, it doesn’t concern the logician. • Logicians are interested in the justification of ...
9/5/2006 - University of Pittsburgh
... discuss a few exceptions, and the rationale for them, further along.) ...
... discuss a few exceptions, and the rationale for them, further along.) ...
PHLA10F
... Validity arises from the ‘logical form’ of an argument (see examples above – you could change the words). (Is this really true? What about this argument: This dress is scarlet, therefore this dress is red? Is that valid? What is its logical form?) Logical form might not be obvious. Compare ...
... Validity arises from the ‘logical form’ of an argument (see examples above – you could change the words). (Is this really true? What about this argument: This dress is scarlet, therefore this dress is red? Is that valid? What is its logical form?) Logical form might not be obvious. Compare ...
scientific imperialism and behaviorist
... like Skinner’s pigeon, we will misbelieve. If the “correct” idea does not occur, it cannot be selected, so that what occurs will not accurately represent the world. A consistent evolutionary epistemologist would go on (as Campbell, 1975 did) to contend that ancient value systems and religious belief ...
... like Skinner’s pigeon, we will misbelieve. If the “correct” idea does not occur, it cannot be selected, so that what occurs will not accurately represent the world. A consistent evolutionary epistemologist would go on (as Campbell, 1975 did) to contend that ancient value systems and religious belief ...
Study Guide: René Descartes
... Deduction: Beginning only with facts one knows with complete certainty, reasoning to reach further facts that are known with certainty. o Any belief of which one is not completely certain cannot qualify as knowledge. Descartes’s Meditations on First Philosophy are intended to show that we can be a ...
... Deduction: Beginning only with facts one knows with complete certainty, reasoning to reach further facts that are known with certainty. o Any belief of which one is not completely certain cannot qualify as knowledge. Descartes’s Meditations on First Philosophy are intended to show that we can be a ...
Lesson 2 Meta Ethics - mrslh Philosophy & Ethics
... The ‘is-ought’ gap Moore built on the ideas of David Hume. A similar idea had previously been put forward by the 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume claimed that we cannot move logically from a statement about the way the world is to a statement about how we ought to act. This view i ...
... The ‘is-ought’ gap Moore built on the ideas of David Hume. A similar idea had previously been put forward by the 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume claimed that we cannot move logically from a statement about the way the world is to a statement about how we ought to act. This view i ...