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Slide 1
Slide 1

[pdf]
[pdf]

Exam 4 Solutions
Exam 4 Solutions

Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics
Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

... A phase contrast microscope does not require staining to view the slide. This microscope made it possible to study the cell cycle. As light travels through a medium other than vacuum, interaction with this medium causes its amplitude and phase to change in a way which depends on properties of the me ...
Section 3: Electromagnetic Waves 1
Section 3: Electromagnetic Waves 1

Generalized Jinc functions and their application to focusing and
Generalized Jinc functions and their application to focusing and

323
323

Resolution [from the New Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 1989 ed.]: 3 resolve
Resolution [from the New Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 1989 ed.]: 3 resolve

... – NO: watch sidelobe growth and power efficiency loss • The resolution of my camera is N×M pixels – NO: the maximum possible SBP of your system may be N×M pixels but you can easily underutilize it (i.e., achieve SBP that is less than N×M) by using a suboptimal optical system ...
A short tutorial on optical rogue waves
A short tutorial on optical rogue waves

... Experiments reveal that these instabilities yield long-tailed statistics ...
Brightfield Contrasting Techniques
Brightfield Contrasting Techniques

Slide 1
Slide 1

... wavelength 0 . Leads to applicability condition  0 Lchar  1 , which can not be satisfied always, for instance in the case of strong resonant coupling. # In the sub-cycle regime, the introduced concept of envelope does not hold good. ...
Does the nonlinear Schrodinger equation correctly describe beam
Does the nonlinear Schrodinger equation correctly describe beam

Chapter 40. Wave Functions and Uncertainty
Chapter 40. Wave Functions and Uncertainty

Lect03_Bi177_MicroscopeOptics
Lect03_Bi177_MicroscopeOptics

Light 1 Mathematical representation of light (EM waves)
Light 1 Mathematical representation of light (EM waves)

... Every point of a wavefront may be considered a source of small secondary wavelets, which spread out in all directions from their centers with a velocity equal to the velocity of the propagating wave. Tye new wavefront it then found by constructing a surface tangent to the secondary wavelets, thus gi ...
The Camera
The Camera

... value by measuring the amount of charge at each photosite and converting that measurement to binary form CMOS: uses several transistors at each pixel to amplify and move the charge using more traditional wires. The CMOS signal is digital, so it needs no ADC. ...
Document
Document

Engineering Applications of Nonlinear Optimization
Engineering Applications of Nonlinear Optimization

Light Microscopy
Light Microscopy

Monomolecular Layers and Light
Monomolecular Layers and Light

... Equation 2 is the general wave function for the transmitted electric field (the evanescent wave we are interested in) where k is the propagation vector for the electric field and ω is the angular frequency. Equation 3 is the condition that arises when sinθi > nti by which our evanescent wave exists. ...
lecture_three_2016
lecture_three_2016

Atomic and Molecular Physics for Physicists Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Atomic and Molecular Physics for Physicists Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

... the wave plate. We now decompose the above E(r,t) in the basis of the wave plate. E1’=E2’ exp{i π/2} and E2’=E2 (up to a common constant). Namely, the same phase relation even in the new basis! Prove it at home!!!!! After going through the wave plate, these amplitudes will now be E1’=E2’ exp{i (π/2+ ...
Chapter 11. Photoelasticity. Introduction Sample problems 11
Chapter 11. Photoelasticity. Introduction Sample problems 11

... A beam of right circular polarization is incident on a quarter wave plate with the fast axis in the vertical direction. Determine the state of polarization of the emerging beam. Solution to 11-S2 The Jones vector of right circularly polarized light is J CR  ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... perpendicular to the direction of propagation, z . The field vector E and z define a plane of polarization . (b) The E -field oscillations are contained in the plane of polarization. (c) A linearly polarized light at any instant can be represented by the superposition of two fields E x and E y with ...
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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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