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Spherical mirrors in the paraxial approximation [Pages 181-187]. Assignment 2
Spherical mirrors in the paraxial approximation [Pages 181-187]. Assignment 2

... To use this result you need to have the object at a distance more than 10f 2 (f is the focal length of the positive lens) or use a collimated laser beam. In this formula either f1 or f2 could be the focal length of the diverging lens. If the first lens is the positive lens then the separation distan ...
Synopsis by Lori Moore
Synopsis by Lori Moore

... to the performance. One example could be in the specification of a material such as ground glass that is designed to scatter light. The high spatial frequencies are more important to the scattering performance of the ground glass than the mid or lower frequency components. The region which is not we ...
Introduction to Aberrations OPTI 518 Jose Sasian
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Chiroptical Spectroscopy - Ruhr
Chiroptical Spectroscopy - Ruhr

... perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation • characterized by wavelength/frequency • In following, we initially only consider the electric field part ...
A review of the relationships describing the signal of a Large
A review of the relationships describing the signal of a Large

... The transmitter and and receiver have finite aperture diameters (Dt and Dt ) which are ’large’ (the meaning of the word large will become clear in the course of this paper). The radiation emitted by the transmitter is scattered by the turbulent medium between the transmitter and the receiver. The re ...
Confocal microscopy with a volume holographic filter
Confocal microscopy with a volume holographic filter

... trench. The image of the trench corresponds to the dark region in Fig. 4, because the bottom of the trench is out of focus. We sampled only five planes along ŷ and one along ẑ to minimize inaccuracies that were due to the backlash of the translation stage and the decay of the hologram. A dense thr ...
Signal-to-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Full-Field Fourier
Signal-to-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Full-Field Fourier

... In order to obtain a two-dimensional (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) image of the sample, the probe beam is scanned across the sample in a lateral plane in addition to A-scans taken at each lateral point. This lateral scanning is usually realized by means of a “flying-spot” optical circuit containin ...
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Bright-Field Microscopy

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Negative refraction and Negative refractive index

... coordinates (x, y, z) are coincident with the principal axes and the z-axis is the optical axis. The uniaxial medium is in the region z > 0 . When a transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized wave is incident onto the medium, the penetrating wave becomes an extraordinary wave that experiences different prin ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
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... • When an EM wave is traveling in a dielectric medium, the oscillating electric field polarizes the molecules at the frequency of the wave. EM wave propagation can be considered to be the propagation of this polarization in the medium. ...
Wave optics theory and 3-D deconvolution
Wave optics theory and 3-D deconvolution

Full-Text - Radioengineering
Full-Text - Radioengineering

... the most frequently employed types of dielectric lenses (namely elliptic and hyperbolic) is followed by investigation and analysis of their specific features in nearfield as well as far-field that are based on simulation and measurement results. ...
Attenuation in Left-handed Waveguide Structure by Equivalent
Attenuation in Left-handed Waveguide Structure by Equivalent

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Measuring amplitude and phase of light emerging from

Syllabus
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... student in all academic work. The guiding principle of academic integrity is that a student’s submitted work must be the student’s own.” Unless otherwise noted by the instructor, work for all assignments in this course must be conducted independently by each student. CO-AUTHORED WORK OF ANY KIND IS ...
Depth of field and improved resolution of slit-scan flow systems
Depth of field and improved resolution of slit-scan flow systems

Lenserf Reflection, Fresnel Reflection,
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Acoustic spectra characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma
Acoustic spectra characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma

... thickness) inside the substrate were printed by a plasma spray coating method. The discharge plasma was generated on the surface. Figure 3 shows the experimental setup for detection of the sound signal from coplanar DBD in the air. The high voltage (6kVpp, 28.25 kHz) was produced by the high frequen ...
Fourier Decomposition Analysis af Anisotropic Inhomogeneous
Fourier Decomposition Analysis af Anisotropic Inhomogeneous

... such a dielectric structure is illustrated in Fig. 1. The position is specified using a right-handed Cartesian reference frame. The -axis is chosen such that the material properties of the waveguide configuration is invariant in the -direction. Each sub-domain is assumed to be anisotropic and inhomo ...
On the Nature of the Evanescent Wave
On the Nature of the Evanescent Wave

... as we would expect for energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Therefore electromagnetic energy flows with the same speed as the wave. This may sound as a tautology, but, as we will see, nothing can be taken for granted. The presence of an interface (i.e., discontinuity in the medium) means that th ...
Modulation instability for a relaxational Kerr medium Xue Liu , S.M. Shahriar
Modulation instability for a relaxational Kerr medium Xue Liu , S.M. Shahriar

Performance of extended depth of field systems and
Performance of extended depth of field systems and

Free-space optical communications have distinct advantages over
Free-space optical communications have distinct advantages over

... system that can avoid the distortions (reduce bandwidth, for example) or can compensate for the distortions (adaptive optics) .The mostly used AO systems are phase-only. That means that they cannot reverse the scintillation effects, but they can conjugate the phase from the aperture to the detector ...
Optical Fourier techniques for medical image processing and phase
Optical Fourier techniques for medical image processing and phase

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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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