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PL-1 All women All families
PL-1 All women All families

... Using the term epidemic to describe HIV/AIDS does not adequately describe this serious public health problem  Which involves the transmission of a virus in close conjunction with a set of opportunistic diseases, but also with many nonopportunistic health conditions. ...
Evaluation of the Red Eye
Evaluation of the Red Eye

... • Fingers and hands • Fluorescein and saline • Pen Light or Transilluminator • Direct Ophthalmoscope • Possible Slit Lamp – Feel Proficient? Is it in working order? ...
differences between gonococcus and meningococcus
differences between gonococcus and meningococcus

... Usually they are mucoid and tends to come off as whole colonies when fished from the agar surface. ...
GAO
GAO

... diseases appear to have been useful in controlling this outbreak. One of the measures that it has undertaken to control the outbreak is isolating probable cases in hospitals, including closing two hospitals to new admissions.9 Other measures include isolating people, either in their homes or in a ho ...
Infection Prevention During Blood Glucose Monitoring: Safe
Infection Prevention During Blood Glucose Monitoring: Safe

... Properly clean and disinfect shared equipment between uses Use, then change, gloves during procedure and after completion Hand hygiene between all patient contact Assess practices involving shared test strip bottles Employ single-use packaging of test strips ...
Infectious disease surveillance for the London
Infectious disease surveillance for the London

... number of surveillance systems that have been developed to meet particular epidemic requirements during the Games will continue to run after this period, or be available for reactivation should the need arise. The United Kingdom’s (UK’s) Health Protection Agency (HPA) performed a risk assessment of ...
TICKBORNE DISEASES OF THE UNITED STATES A Reference Manual
TICKBORNE DISEASES OF THE UNITED STATES A Reference Manual

... • Mild splenomegaly, mild hepatomegaly, or jaundice may occur in some patients ...
View / the Hepatitis C presentation
View / the Hepatitis C presentation

...  UK blood donations screened from September 1991  Some patients have been infected with medical/dental practices up to 1991 in the UK ...
PARASITE-HOST INTERACTIONS1 Curtis M. Lively Department of
PARASITE-HOST INTERACTIONS1 Curtis M. Lively Department of

... population, and the newly common host genotype is expected to be attacked in the same way, but by a different parasite genotype. This kind of coevolutionary interaction could easily lead to the cycling of both host and parasite allele frequencies (Fig. 1A); and, as such, it stands as a powerful mec ...
Host defence mechanisms against bacterial aggression in
Host defence mechanisms against bacterial aggression in

... Complement activation is considered a protective mechanism in antibacterial immunity, although some products of this pathway may cause tissue destruction. Numerous components of the complement system have been found in the GCF of periodontal patients, either derived from serum or produced by local s ...
2G1 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
2G1 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

... calving, and re-excreted (4). Although carrier animals generally do not develop fever or clinical disease following virus reactivation, they may shed large amounts of infectious virus in nasal and other secretions. Thus, reactivation of latent virus is thought to be responsible for the survival of ...
Virology 7105326 Two-Credit Hour Course Second Semester 2015
Virology 7105326 Two-Credit Hour Course Second Semester 2015

...  After primary infection, all human herpes viruses establish latent infections.  Most of these latent infections, alternate between latency and activation during life time (unless there in a collapse in immune defenses).  However, unlike other herpes viruses, latent VZV may get activated only onc ...
Addison`s disease
Addison`s disease

... What causes Addison’s disease? Addison’s disease was first described by Dr Thomas Addison in London in 1855 when the most common cause of Addison’s disease was tuberculosis. Nowadays, the major cause of Addison’s disease in developed countries is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune sy ...
Parliamentary Advisory Council on Science and Technology
Parliamentary Advisory Council on Science and Technology

... Vaccination is one of the greatest contributions to health and has led to the eradication of a deadly disease—smallpox—and the almost total elimination of poliomyelitis and measles. Each vaccine gives us immunity to the specific disease for which it was prepared. When a sufficiently large proportion ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat. In Phase 3, an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of d ...
Recommendations for Infection Control for the Practice
Recommendations for Infection Control for the Practice

... The OR has unique infection control issues compared with other clinical care areas. OR personnel care for a single patient for prolonged periods. Consequently, microorganisms may be transmitted via 2 mechanisms: contamination of normally sterile sites with a patient‘s own bacteria, and transmission ...
The Orthopaedist and Blood-borne Pathogens
The Orthopaedist and Blood-borne Pathogens

... also to health care workers (HCW), including physicians, who are readily exposed to infective pathogens through the course of their work. In order to maintain a healthy medical workforce, health care workers must take every precaution to protect themselves from acquiring illness or injury in the lin ...
AHRQ Safety Program for Long-Term Care: CAUTI website
AHRQ Safety Program for Long-Term Care: CAUTI website

... Upon completion of this session, long-term care staff will be able to: ...
Herpes virus
Herpes virus

... Epidemiology (1) ...
Bacterial colonization on writing pens touched by
Bacterial colonization on writing pens touched by

... transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of writing pens as a source of transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, which will be important for hospital infection control practices. This was a prospective study investigating the pote ...
prevention program avian flu-guidelines table of contents
prevention program avian flu-guidelines table of contents

... birds, contaminated surfaces, manure and litter containing high concentrations of the virus and by contact with contaminated vehicles, equipment, clothing and footwear at involved sites (e.g., infected poultry farms). Other animals such as pigs may also have become infected with the avian influenza ...
Running head: EBOLA EBOLA Ebola: An Emerging Infectious
Running head: EBOLA EBOLA Ebola: An Emerging Infectious

... countries when these patients are exported. It is believed that there should be screening at all the export portals of these three countries to help contain the Ebola virus (Ghazanfar, et al, 2015). Another example of a behavioral factor would be not taking the proper precautions when caring for an ...
Central Committee of Examination Final Exam (First Term 1430 /14
Central Committee of Examination Final Exam (First Term 1430 /14

... 35- According to pH, vibrio cholera is a-Osmophilic bacteria b-Basophilic bacteria c- Acidophilic bacteria d-Neutrophilic bacteria ...
The gut microbiota and immune-regulation: the fate of
The gut microbiota and immune-regulation: the fate of

... composition/behaviour, which has never been taken into account and could be one of the causes of the long-term latent health complications. Antibiotics are the result of many years of research focused on how to eradicate pathogenic organisms in humans, which unfortunately also harm the beneficial com ...
263642
263642

... Sputum stain and culture > 25 WBC and < 10 squamous adequate specimen Sputum cultures only adequate in only 50% patients, only 44% of those samples contain pathogens  Single, predominant organism on Gram’s stain suggest etiology  Other stains indicated as appropriate (e.g., acid-fast stains for M ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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