UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) C
... distinct effector populations, rapidly enter sites of local inflammation were they perform their effector function to aid in pathogen-specific clearance (Box 1). Pattern recognition receptors. Instruction of the adaptive response by DCs is subject to tight regulation, and this process is dependent o ...
... distinct effector populations, rapidly enter sites of local inflammation were they perform their effector function to aid in pathogen-specific clearance (Box 1). Pattern recognition receptors. Instruction of the adaptive response by DCs is subject to tight regulation, and this process is dependent o ...
Immunology Overview
... indicate a bacterial infection. PMNs have azurophilic granules (lysosomes and defensins) and specific granules (complement receptors, adhesion molecules). These sentinel cells phagocytose professionally. Macrophages live for weeks/months, are active in chronic inflammation, present antigen, release ...
... indicate a bacterial infection. PMNs have azurophilic granules (lysosomes and defensins) and specific granules (complement receptors, adhesion molecules). These sentinel cells phagocytose professionally. Macrophages live for weeks/months, are active in chronic inflammation, present antigen, release ...
Innate Immune Responses of the Dental Pulp to Caries
... nnate immunity is activated upon the initial invasion of microbes. If the innate response is unable to abolish the insult, adaptive immunity is elicited with cellular (cell-mediated immunity) and specific antibody (humoral immunity) responses to enhance the protective mechanisms of innate immunity. ...
... nnate immunity is activated upon the initial invasion of microbes. If the innate response is unable to abolish the insult, adaptive immunity is elicited with cellular (cell-mediated immunity) and specific antibody (humoral immunity) responses to enhance the protective mechanisms of innate immunity. ...
Program outline
... bridges the knowledge of the infectious agents per se with that of the host response, the susceptibility to infection, and infection-associated immunopathology. Primary objectives are identification of (i) innate sensing receptors for pathogens in different hosts (pigs, chicken, bovine, human, mouse ...
... bridges the knowledge of the infectious agents per se with that of the host response, the susceptibility to infection, and infection-associated immunopathology. Primary objectives are identification of (i) innate sensing receptors for pathogens in different hosts (pigs, chicken, bovine, human, mouse ...
Immunology and Blood Groups
... against them. However, breakdown of the recognition system can lead to autoimmune disease such as AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis, which result in self-destruction of body parts. When a foreign organism (bacteria, viruses or even another person’s cells) enters the body, the foreign antigens on the inv ...
... against them. However, breakdown of the recognition system can lead to autoimmune disease such as AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis, which result in self-destruction of body parts. When a foreign organism (bacteria, viruses or even another person’s cells) enters the body, the foreign antigens on the inv ...
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal cell-mediated
... members of the IL-17 family systemically and centrally. Central elevation of IL-17, which could contribute to the profound pathologies of the central nervous system [30], such as those observed in lentivirus (e.g., neuro-AIDS) and flavivirus infection (e.g., altered brain development and microenceph ...
... members of the IL-17 family systemically and centrally. Central elevation of IL-17, which could contribute to the profound pathologies of the central nervous system [30], such as those observed in lentivirus (e.g., neuro-AIDS) and flavivirus infection (e.g., altered brain development and microenceph ...
Poster
... The extracellular domain of TLR4 (purple/violet) is always in a complex with MD2 (charcoal/silver) on the cell surface (B, above). The binding of LPS causes two TLR-4/MD-2 complexes to interact to form a dimer (C, below). Hydrogen bonding occurs between the R2-OH on LPS and Gln 436 (Royal Blue) on T ...
... The extracellular domain of TLR4 (purple/violet) is always in a complex with MD2 (charcoal/silver) on the cell surface (B, above). The binding of LPS causes two TLR-4/MD-2 complexes to interact to form a dimer (C, below). Hydrogen bonding occurs between the R2-OH on LPS and Gln 436 (Royal Blue) on T ...
Diet - Amazon Web Services
... on pathogens and host proteins Pathogens mimic host proteins to be viewed as ‘self’ by the host immune system and avoid detection Evidence showing an association between infectious agents and the presence of autoimmune disease and an observed cross-reactivity of self antigens with microbial dete ...
... on pathogens and host proteins Pathogens mimic host proteins to be viewed as ‘self’ by the host immune system and avoid detection Evidence showing an association between infectious agents and the presence of autoimmune disease and an observed cross-reactivity of self antigens with microbial dete ...
Chapters 40,43,45,48 36
... 2. How do interactions and coordination between organs and organ systems provide essential biological activities 3. Describe both positive and negative feedback, provide one example of each kind, and explain which type of feedback helps to maintain homeostasis. 4. Explain different homeostatic strat ...
... 2. How do interactions and coordination between organs and organ systems provide essential biological activities 3. Describe both positive and negative feedback, provide one example of each kind, and explain which type of feedback helps to maintain homeostasis. 4. Explain different homeostatic strat ...
elisa
... rampant and result in death. The mechanism responsible is now known to be the supression of IL-2 synthesis after binding of measles virus to CD46 on macrophages. ...
... rampant and result in death. The mechanism responsible is now known to be the supression of IL-2 synthesis after binding of measles virus to CD46 on macrophages. ...
Ouchterlony Procedure
... attach to mast cells and basophils. When antigens bind, they signal release of histamine. IgA - A dimer - Produced by cells in the mucus membranes to prevent attachment of pathogens. IgA is also found in many body secretions including milk. IgM - A pentamer - First antibody to appear following expos ...
... attach to mast cells and basophils. When antigens bind, they signal release of histamine. IgA - A dimer - Produced by cells in the mucus membranes to prevent attachment of pathogens. IgA is also found in many body secretions including milk. IgM - A pentamer - First antibody to appear following expos ...
Controlling Cytomegalovirus: Helping the Immune System Take the
... regulation expression of MHC Class I: US2, US3, US6, and US11 [64,76]. Dendritic cells play an important role in the primary immune response to CMV as they orchestrate the priming of naïve T cells in the lymph nodes. Not surprisingly, CMV targets dendritic cells and halts their maturation, forcing t ...
... regulation expression of MHC Class I: US2, US3, US6, and US11 [64,76]. Dendritic cells play an important role in the primary immune response to CMV as they orchestrate the priming of naïve T cells in the lymph nodes. Not surprisingly, CMV targets dendritic cells and halts their maturation, forcing t ...
Evasion of innate immunity by parasitic protozoa
... Infectious stages of Leishmania do not merely avoid IL-12 inducMacrophages possess primary defense mechanisms—including activation of macrophage oxidative metabolism and synthesis and release of tion, they actively and selectively inhibit it, leaving other pro-inflamarachidonic acid metabolites—that ...
... Infectious stages of Leishmania do not merely avoid IL-12 inducMacrophages possess primary defense mechanisms—including activation of macrophage oxidative metabolism and synthesis and release of tion, they actively and selectively inhibit it, leaving other pro-inflamarachidonic acid metabolites—that ...
Optimal Control of Innate Immune Response
... } the surface epithelial layers of the body, including the epidermal cells of the skin and the mucosal cells that line the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts } has been broached [1–3]. The innate immune system provides a humoral (or tactical) response, signalling the presence of ...
... } the surface epithelial layers of the body, including the epidermal cells of the skin and the mucosal cells that line the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts } has been broached [1–3]. The innate immune system provides a humoral (or tactical) response, signalling the presence of ...
C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments
... CLRs in homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy Like many other PRRs, there is increasing evidence that CLRs can regulate immune homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy. For example, treatment of mice with the Dectin-1 ligand, b-glucan, provides protection from type1 diabetes but can also induce arthrit ...
... CLRs in homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy Like many other PRRs, there is increasing evidence that CLRs can regulate immune homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy. For example, treatment of mice with the Dectin-1 ligand, b-glucan, provides protection from type1 diabetes but can also induce arthrit ...
An Immune System Perspective on Ecosystem Management
... ways. The problem is choosing the right response (i.e., the right cell to respond) for that particular pathogen. The immune system is adaptive, because it adjusts the distribution of different kinds of proteins in response to its recognition of specific classes of pathogens; it also retains a memory ...
... ways. The problem is choosing the right response (i.e., the right cell to respond) for that particular pathogen. The immune system is adaptive, because it adjusts the distribution of different kinds of proteins in response to its recognition of specific classes of pathogens; it also retains a memory ...
ch_21_lecture_presentation_b
... T cell Activation: Antigen Binding • T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) bind to antigenMHC complex on APC surface • TCR that recognizes the nonself-self complex linked to multiple intracellular signaling pathways • Other T cell surface proteins involved in T cell activation (e.g., CD4 and CD8 help mai ...
... T cell Activation: Antigen Binding • T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) bind to antigenMHC complex on APC surface • TCR that recognizes the nonself-self complex linked to multiple intracellular signaling pathways • Other T cell surface proteins involved in T cell activation (e.g., CD4 and CD8 help mai ...
Free fucose is a danger signal to human intestinal epithelial cells
... The immunomodulating effects of free fucose on intestinal epithelial cells (enterocyte-like Caco-2) were investigated. It was found that the presence of L -fucose up regulated genes and secretion of their encoded proteins that are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses, possibly v ...
... The immunomodulating effects of free fucose on intestinal epithelial cells (enterocyte-like Caco-2) were investigated. It was found that the presence of L -fucose up regulated genes and secretion of their encoded proteins that are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses, possibly v ...
Histopathological features of central nervous system in pediatric
... Abstract: Background and objective: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection, which breaks out frequently in China in recent years. Previously, we have reported that striking inflammatory change was visible in the central nervous system (CNS) ...
... Abstract: Background and objective: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection, which breaks out frequently in China in recent years. Previously, we have reported that striking inflammatory change was visible in the central nervous system (CNS) ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.