One way to pathogenesis, many ways to homeostasis
... encodes transcription factor T-bet) in pathogenic Th17 cells is also well consistent with the essential role of T-bet in the pathogenesis of Th17 cells. Interestingly, the defect of pathogenic Th17 cells in Tbx12/2 mice could be overcome by the treatment of TGF-b3, suggesting that T-bet might regula ...
... encodes transcription factor T-bet) in pathogenic Th17 cells is also well consistent with the essential role of T-bet in the pathogenesis of Th17 cells. Interestingly, the defect of pathogenic Th17 cells in Tbx12/2 mice could be overcome by the treatment of TGF-b3, suggesting that T-bet might regula ...
Immuun nr 3 2015 - Dutch Society for Immunology
... the UK and ‘Sport Immunologie’ is unofficially used in Germany, but is nonexistent in The Netherlands. Exercise physiologist Richard Jaspers PhD of the VU University Amsterdam: “Human Movement Sciences teach cardiology, orthopaedia and exercise physiology. Maastricht also focuses on nutrition and Ni ...
... the UK and ‘Sport Immunologie’ is unofficially used in Germany, but is nonexistent in The Netherlands. Exercise physiologist Richard Jaspers PhD of the VU University Amsterdam: “Human Movement Sciences teach cardiology, orthopaedia and exercise physiology. Maastricht also focuses on nutrition and Ni ...
Immunity and how vaccines work
... immediate but short-term protection (anti-toxin, antibodies) Protection is temporary and wanes with time (usually few months) ...
... immediate but short-term protection (anti-toxin, antibodies) Protection is temporary and wanes with time (usually few months) ...
- ISpatula
... body, helping control viral infections such as colds and influenza. Some white blood cells secrete a different type of interferon that helps activate macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability. Pharmaceutical companies now use recombinant DNA technology to mass-produce interferons to help treat ...
... body, helping control viral infections such as colds and influenza. Some white blood cells secrete a different type of interferon that helps activate macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability. Pharmaceutical companies now use recombinant DNA technology to mass-produce interferons to help treat ...
Qi Mail - Needles and Tea
... The affected joint may also lose its shape, resulting in loss of normal movement. Rheumatoid arthritis can last a long time and can be a disease of flares (active symptoms) and remissions (few to no symptoms). According to Oriental medical theory, arthritis arises when the cyclical flow of Qi in the ...
... The affected joint may also lose its shape, resulting in loss of normal movement. Rheumatoid arthritis can last a long time and can be a disease of flares (active symptoms) and remissions (few to no symptoms). According to Oriental medical theory, arthritis arises when the cyclical flow of Qi in the ...
Predictive Relevance of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast
... indicating that TILs generate memory cells of intratumoral CD20+ lymphocytes that mediate anticancer immunosurveillance[19] which also fails to eliminate malignant cells at later stages of tumorigenesis[20]. Another example when B lymphocyte infiltration fails to contain breast cancer growth is medu ...
... indicating that TILs generate memory cells of intratumoral CD20+ lymphocytes that mediate anticancer immunosurveillance[19] which also fails to eliminate malignant cells at later stages of tumorigenesis[20]. Another example when B lymphocyte infiltration fails to contain breast cancer growth is medu ...
Immunity in the female sheep reproductive tract
... many factors that include the expression of pattern recognition receptors on epithelial cells, resident leukocyte populations and hormones, none of which are uniform. The lower reproductive tract must accommodate the presence of commensal organisms whereas the upper reproductive tract is sterile. Ho ...
... many factors that include the expression of pattern recognition receptors on epithelial cells, resident leukocyte populations and hormones, none of which are uniform. The lower reproductive tract must accommodate the presence of commensal organisms whereas the upper reproductive tract is sterile. Ho ...
Can Immunity to Breast Cancer Eliminate Residual Micrometastases?
... many antibodies used for cancer therapy is activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via stimulation of natural killer or other immune system cells (Fig. 1B). Natural killer cells secrete high levels of IFN-g and have the capability of directly killing tumors that have escaped the ...
... many antibodies used for cancer therapy is activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via stimulation of natural killer or other immune system cells (Fig. 1B). Natural killer cells secrete high levels of IFN-g and have the capability of directly killing tumors that have escaped the ...
Differential Leukocyte Counts of SJL/J Mice with
... response, when they leave the blood to migrate to sites of infection or inflammation. Neutrophils are linked to early inflammatory responses and often sensitised in self-antigen recognition characteristic of autoimmune disease (Thomas et al., 2005), a known complication in the SJL strain (Vafiadaki ...
... response, when they leave the blood to migrate to sites of infection or inflammation. Neutrophils are linked to early inflammatory responses and often sensitised in self-antigen recognition characteristic of autoimmune disease (Thomas et al., 2005), a known complication in the SJL strain (Vafiadaki ...
Immune response to fungal infections
... highly effective innate effector phase, and a delayed but robust adaptive effector phase. Candida albicans, part of the normal microbial flora associated with mucous surfaces, can be present as congenital candidiasis or as acquired defects of cell-mediated immunity. Resistance to this yeast is assoc ...
... highly effective innate effector phase, and a delayed but robust adaptive effector phase. Candida albicans, part of the normal microbial flora associated with mucous surfaces, can be present as congenital candidiasis or as acquired defects of cell-mediated immunity. Resistance to this yeast is assoc ...
Wk13-P.aerug.
... activation, 3-oxo-C12-HSL inhibited the release of this cytokine when T cells were stimulated Suggesting that 3-oxo-C12-HSL is acting upstream of IL2 secretion while PQS is preventing proliferation by acting downstream of IL-2 TNF-ά secretion was assessed in assays where LPS was used to drive TNF-ά ...
... activation, 3-oxo-C12-HSL inhibited the release of this cytokine when T cells were stimulated Suggesting that 3-oxo-C12-HSL is acting upstream of IL2 secretion while PQS is preventing proliferation by acting downstream of IL-2 TNF-ά secretion was assessed in assays where LPS was used to drive TNF-ά ...
TLR4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by an HMGB1-derived peptide adjuvant
... to the nuclear functions, HMGB1 is secreted by both macrophages and monocytes after exposure to LPS, TNF-α or IL-1β [12] and, through a feedback loop, acts back on monocytes by stimulating the synthesis of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines [13]. More recently, HMGB1 was identified as an endogeno ...
... to the nuclear functions, HMGB1 is secreted by both macrophages and monocytes after exposure to LPS, TNF-α or IL-1β [12] and, through a feedback loop, acts back on monocytes by stimulating the synthesis of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines [13]. More recently, HMGB1 was identified as an endogeno ...
1 Principles of Vaccination
... substances referred to as antigens. Antigens can be either live (such as viruses and bacteria) or inactivated. The immune system develops a defense against the antigen. This defense is known as the immune response and usually involves the production of protein molecules by B lymphocytes, called anti ...
... substances referred to as antigens. Antigens can be either live (such as viruses and bacteria) or inactivated. The immune system develops a defense against the antigen. This defense is known as the immune response and usually involves the production of protein molecules by B lymphocytes, called anti ...
Course 19
... In the end, the immune defenses are overwhelmed, and the resulting profound state of immunosuppression leaves the patient open to unchecked infections by pathogens that normally would not be the slightest problem for a person with an intact immune system. Sadly, these "opportunistic" infections can ...
... In the end, the immune defenses are overwhelmed, and the resulting profound state of immunosuppression leaves the patient open to unchecked infections by pathogens that normally would not be the slightest problem for a person with an intact immune system. Sadly, these "opportunistic" infections can ...
From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical
... A critical event in the immune response is the interaction of antigen with the surface receptors of immunocompetent cells. This interaction may result in two different consequences: an immune response or immunological tolerance. Little is known at the single-cell level about the way in which antigen ...
... A critical event in the immune response is the interaction of antigen with the surface receptors of immunocompetent cells. This interaction may result in two different consequences: an immune response or immunological tolerance. Little is known at the single-cell level about the way in which antigen ...
Origin and fate of hematopoietic stem precursor cells in the leech
... specific conditions, can support HSPCs proliferation and differentiation. In particular, in sites of tissue inflammation several cell types, including activated endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other innate immune cells, provide a wide range of hematopoietic growth factors required f ...
... specific conditions, can support HSPCs proliferation and differentiation. In particular, in sites of tissue inflammation several cell types, including activated endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other innate immune cells, provide a wide range of hematopoietic growth factors required f ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.