Origin and fate of hematopoietic stem precursor cells in the leech
... specific conditions, can support HSPCs proliferation and differentiation. In particular, in sites of tissue inflammation several cell types, including activated endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other innate immune cells, provide a wide range of hematopoietic growth factors required f ...
... specific conditions, can support HSPCs proliferation and differentiation. In particular, in sites of tissue inflammation several cell types, including activated endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other innate immune cells, provide a wide range of hematopoietic growth factors required f ...
Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses: From Bulk
... individuals carrying a particular class I allele. The shelf life of the constructs are variable, and positive and negative controls need to be carefully identified to ensure staining is specific, thus making the process very labour intensive, especially if multiple epitope-specific responses are to ...
... individuals carrying a particular class I allele. The shelf life of the constructs are variable, and positive and negative controls need to be carefully identified to ensure staining is specific, thus making the process very labour intensive, especially if multiple epitope-specific responses are to ...
Variation in the innate and acquired arms of the
... Measuring immune responses We chose assays to examine both the innate and the acquired arms of the immune system. Innate immunity was investigated in free-living individuals by measuring two of its most important components, i.e. natural antibodies and the complement cascade (Matson et al., 2005). N ...
... Measuring immune responses We chose assays to examine both the innate and the acquired arms of the immune system. Innate immunity was investigated in free-living individuals by measuring two of its most important components, i.e. natural antibodies and the complement cascade (Matson et al., 2005). N ...
Interest of Tumor-Specific CD4 T Helper 1 Cells for Therapeutic
... Tregs, or, under some circumstances, Th17 cells, may have tumor-promoting activity, which may need to be curtailed to obtain optimal antitumor responses [46]. Finally, only Th1 immune response has been shown to mediate bona fide anticancer effects in cancer patients, providing a strong rationale to ...
... Tregs, or, under some circumstances, Th17 cells, may have tumor-promoting activity, which may need to be curtailed to obtain optimal antitumor responses [46]. Finally, only Th1 immune response has been shown to mediate bona fide anticancer effects in cancer patients, providing a strong rationale to ...
Monoclonal Antibodies
... Medical use of Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are pure, single antibody types that are industrially produced. Clones of one type of immune cell.Typical production: Monoclonal antibodies = Tumour (cancer) cells + antigen immunized mouse spleen cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used fo ...
... Medical use of Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are pure, single antibody types that are industrially produced. Clones of one type of immune cell.Typical production: Monoclonal antibodies = Tumour (cancer) cells + antigen immunized mouse spleen cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used fo ...
The Physiology of Lymphocyte Migration
... lymph carrying capillaries flows uni-directionally draining the lymph back to lymphoid tissues that make up the lymphatic system. Also carried in this lymph are antigens that may have entered the organism. The lymphatic system is a complex collection of lymphoid organs integrally related to the func ...
... lymph carrying capillaries flows uni-directionally draining the lymph back to lymphoid tissues that make up the lymphatic system. Also carried in this lymph are antigens that may have entered the organism. The lymphatic system is a complex collection of lymphoid organs integrally related to the func ...
Chapter 43- Immune System
... out recognition, distinguishing nonself from self. In identifying pathogens, animal immune systems use receptors that specifically bind molecules from foreign cells or viruses. There are two general strategies for such molecular recognition, each forming the basis for a particular system for immunit ...
... out recognition, distinguishing nonself from self. In identifying pathogens, animal immune systems use receptors that specifically bind molecules from foreign cells or viruses. There are two general strategies for such molecular recognition, each forming the basis for a particular system for immunit ...
Specific Antibody-Dependent Responses in HIV
... prerequisite for effective immune protection against HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection (7). Other elements of the adaptive and innate immune system may, however, be required to facilitate more robust protective immunity against HIV-1. There is increasing interest in the relationship between natural kille ...
... prerequisite for effective immune protection against HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection (7). Other elements of the adaptive and innate immune system may, however, be required to facilitate more robust protective immunity against HIV-1. There is increasing interest in the relationship between natural kille ...
TLR4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by an HMGB1
... to the nuclear functions, HMGB1 is secreted by both macrophages and monocytes after exposure to LPS, TNF-α or IL-1β [12] and, through a feedback loop, acts back on monocytes by stimulating the synthesis of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines [13]. More recently, HMGB1 was identified as an endogeno ...
... to the nuclear functions, HMGB1 is secreted by both macrophages and monocytes after exposure to LPS, TNF-α or IL-1β [12] and, through a feedback loop, acts back on monocytes by stimulating the synthesis of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines [13]. More recently, HMGB1 was identified as an endogeno ...
The role of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and mucosal defence
... and sustainment of intestinal defences. For example, probiotics can stimulate the synthesis and secretion of polymeric IgA, the antibody that coats and protects mucosal surfaces against harmful bacterial invasion. In addition, appropriate colonization with probiotics helps to produce a balanced T he ...
... and sustainment of intestinal defences. For example, probiotics can stimulate the synthesis and secretion of polymeric IgA, the antibody that coats and protects mucosal surfaces against harmful bacterial invasion. In addition, appropriate colonization with probiotics helps to produce a balanced T he ...
Herpesvirus Seropositivity in Childhood Monocyte-Induced Associates with Decreased Production
... mediate antiviral activity is through IFN-␥. This cytokine is a potent activator of APCs by influencing their maturation and antiviral functions (5, 6). IFN-␥ can also act as an immunoregulatory cytokine in that it plays a central role in the shaping of Th1 immune responses (7). Although NK cells ca ...
... mediate antiviral activity is through IFN-␥. This cytokine is a potent activator of APCs by influencing their maturation and antiviral functions (5, 6). IFN-␥ can also act as an immunoregulatory cytokine in that it plays a central role in the shaping of Th1 immune responses (7). Although NK cells ca ...
Identifying Predictor(s) of Response
... pulmonary nodules and bone metastases. Her tumor was EGFR/ALK/ROS-1 wild type and PDL-1 negative. What is her chance of responding to an immune checkpoint inhibitor? ...
... pulmonary nodules and bone metastases. Her tumor was EGFR/ALK/ROS-1 wild type and PDL-1 negative. What is her chance of responding to an immune checkpoint inhibitor? ...
The immune response during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: a
... Intervention(s): Blood samples were collected between days 6 and 9 of the menstrual cycle and 6 –9 days after the LH surge. Main Outcome Measure(s): Intracellular cytokine production of interferon (IFN)-␥, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 after in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes as well as total ...
... Intervention(s): Blood samples were collected between days 6 and 9 of the menstrual cycle and 6 –9 days after the LH surge. Main Outcome Measure(s): Intracellular cytokine production of interferon (IFN)-␥, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 after in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes as well as total ...
Deep Insight Section Natural nanoparticules against cancer: mature dendritic cell-derived exosomes
... elicit antitumor immunity leading to tumor rejection in the poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma model in mice (Taïeb et al., 2006). iDex-mediated anti-tumor effects were dramatically improved in CTX treated animals. CTX administrated 6 days before iDex vaccination was able to boost peptide specific s ...
... elicit antitumor immunity leading to tumor rejection in the poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma model in mice (Taïeb et al., 2006). iDex-mediated anti-tumor effects were dramatically improved in CTX treated animals. CTX administrated 6 days before iDex vaccination was able to boost peptide specific s ...
Lactobacillus casei in a malnourished mouse model P G
... It is now established that nutritional deficiency is commonly associated with an impaired immune response, particularly cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, cytokine production, secretory antibody response, antibody affinity, and the complement system (Chandra and Wadhwa, 1993; Chandra, 1997) ...
... It is now established that nutritional deficiency is commonly associated with an impaired immune response, particularly cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, cytokine production, secretory antibody response, antibody affinity, and the complement system (Chandra and Wadhwa, 1993; Chandra, 1997) ...
Immunotherapy and Prevention
... Type I, or anaphylactic, react ions often occur within 2 to 30 minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen. Anaphylaxis means opposite of protected," from the prefix ana-, meaning against, and the Greek phylaxis, meaning protection. Anaphylaxis is an inclusive term f ...
... Type I, or anaphylactic, react ions often occur within 2 to 30 minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen. Anaphylaxis means opposite of protected," from the prefix ana-, meaning against, and the Greek phylaxis, meaning protection. Anaphylaxis is an inclusive term f ...
the human body - Sonoma Valley High School
... A) Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. B) Explain the difference between peripheral and integral proteins. C) Explain which of these proteins is important regarding viruses. 2) From Chapter 23 pages 467-468 titled "Biology of Prokaryotes" be able to: A) Describe the general structure of a ...
... A) Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. B) Explain the difference between peripheral and integral proteins. C) Explain which of these proteins is important regarding viruses. 2) From Chapter 23 pages 467-468 titled "Biology of Prokaryotes" be able to: A) Describe the general structure of a ...
tumor antigens
... It was mentioned earlier that in addition to combating microbes the immune system is responsible for detecting and destroying cancer cells . However, the immune system is not always successful in doing this Note: The process of detecting and destroying cancer cells is known as immune ...
... It was mentioned earlier that in addition to combating microbes the immune system is responsible for detecting and destroying cancer cells . However, the immune system is not always successful in doing this Note: The process of detecting and destroying cancer cells is known as immune ...
The influence of sex and gender on immunity, infection and
... NK cell activity. High dosage of estrogen induces a suppressive activity down-regulating the expression of NK cells activating receptors CD69, NKp46, NKG2DL and 2B4 [31], while low dosage shows no effect. Estrogen also has a significant impact on the differentiation and activation of DCs. Bengtsson ...
... NK cell activity. High dosage of estrogen induces a suppressive activity down-regulating the expression of NK cells activating receptors CD69, NKp46, NKG2DL and 2B4 [31], while low dosage shows no effect. Estrogen also has a significant impact on the differentiation and activation of DCs. Bengtsson ...
The role of temperature in cancer immunology
... Katie Kokolus, PhD (Postdoc with Todd Schell at Penn State Hershey) Jason Eng, PhD (MD/PHD Student, now back in Medical School, ...
... Katie Kokolus, PhD (Postdoc with Todd Schell at Penn State Hershey) Jason Eng, PhD (MD/PHD Student, now back in Medical School, ...
Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing - AJP-Cell
... experimental studies have shown the suppressive effects of androgens on immunity (13, 17, 22, 24). For instance, it has been reported that not only the peripheral B cell fraction is enlarged in androgen-deficient mice but that the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-g is increased in p ...
... experimental studies have shown the suppressive effects of androgens on immunity (13, 17, 22, 24). For instance, it has been reported that not only the peripheral B cell fraction is enlarged in androgen-deficient mice but that the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-g is increased in p ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.