Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in
... Considering the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases in birds as well as the fact that the digestive system is one of the main entrances for pathogenic microorganisms (and live vaccines) into the body, the exploration of the phenomena that occur between GALT and the immune system in general is e ...
... Considering the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases in birds as well as the fact that the digestive system is one of the main entrances for pathogenic microorganisms (and live vaccines) into the body, the exploration of the phenomena that occur between GALT and the immune system in general is e ...
Time course of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice
... containing 10 mM EDTA at room temperature. Finally, the cells were subjected to red blood cell lysis, washed in fluorescence-activated cell sorter-EDTA, passed through a 50 mm cell strainer, and kept on ice until labelling. Cell counting was performed with a Z2 Beckman-Coulter particle ...
... containing 10 mM EDTA at room temperature. Finally, the cells were subjected to red blood cell lysis, washed in fluorescence-activated cell sorter-EDTA, passed through a 50 mm cell strainer, and kept on ice until labelling. Cell counting was performed with a Z2 Beckman-Coulter particle ...
Cytochrome P450s in human immune cells regulate IL-22
... responses, and thus, translates environmental signals into immunological actions16. However, AHR activation by different ligands do not result in one specific immune response but rather in divergent, ligand-dependent immunological outcomes such as inflammation or tolerogenic responses17–19. AHR is w ...
... responses, and thus, translates environmental signals into immunological actions16. However, AHR activation by different ligands do not result in one specific immune response but rather in divergent, ligand-dependent immunological outcomes such as inflammation or tolerogenic responses17–19. AHR is w ...
Adrenocorticotropic hormone: a molecule for all seasons
... contrast to the conventional paradigm, there is no direct correlation between the two processes in molluscan immunocytes. For example, ACTH (1-24) increases phagocytic activity, while it has no effect on chemotaxis. Moreover, for both chemotaxis and phagocytosis, it has been observed that the effect ...
... contrast to the conventional paradigm, there is no direct correlation between the two processes in molluscan immunocytes. For example, ACTH (1-24) increases phagocytic activity, while it has no effect on chemotaxis. Moreover, for both chemotaxis and phagocytosis, it has been observed that the effect ...
Increased frequencies of pulmonary regulatory T-cells in latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
... of active TB due to a high percentage of falsenegative results [9]. Mechanisms that govern local containment versus the development of active disease are still incompletely understood. It would be advantageous if biomarkers that correlate either with maintenance of effective immune control of the my ...
... of active TB due to a high percentage of falsenegative results [9]. Mechanisms that govern local containment versus the development of active disease are still incompletely understood. It would be advantageous if biomarkers that correlate either with maintenance of effective immune control of the my ...
Learning and Optimization Using the Clonal Selection Principle
... Recent results suggest that the immune system practices molecular selection of receptors in addition to clonal selection of lymphocytes. Instead of the expected clonal deletion of all self-reactive cells, occasionally B lymphocytes were found that had undergone receptor editing: these B cells had de ...
... Recent results suggest that the immune system practices molecular selection of receptors in addition to clonal selection of lymphocytes. Instead of the expected clonal deletion of all self-reactive cells, occasionally B lymphocytes were found that had undergone receptor editing: these B cells had de ...
Additional material file 1: Details of within-host
... Treatment and dormancy Treatment was triggered once F > 0.35. When treatment was administered it was assumed that a proportion of ring-stage parasites and mature stage parasites became dormant, with the remainder being killed. Those parasites which became dormant did not replicate during dormancy, n ...
... Treatment and dormancy Treatment was triggered once F > 0.35. When treatment was administered it was assumed that a proportion of ring-stage parasites and mature stage parasites became dormant, with the remainder being killed. Those parasites which became dormant did not replicate during dormancy, n ...
CANCER VACCINES: BETWEEN THE IDEA AND THE REALITY Olivera J. Finn
... (DCs) that reside in tissues take up and process dying cells and self antigens, but in the absence of strong activating signals, such as those given by pathogens, no immune response to these antigens is generated. To elicit strong immunity, the tumour-cell vaccine must include substances that activa ...
... (DCs) that reside in tissues take up and process dying cells and self antigens, but in the absence of strong activating signals, such as those given by pathogens, no immune response to these antigens is generated. To elicit strong immunity, the tumour-cell vaccine must include substances that activa ...
cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality
... (DCs) that reside in tissues take up and process dying cells and self antigens, but in the absence of strong activating signals, such as those given by pathogens, no immune response to these antigens is generated. To elicit strong immunity, the tumour-cell vaccine must include substances that activa ...
... (DCs) that reside in tissues take up and process dying cells and self antigens, but in the absence of strong activating signals, such as those given by pathogens, no immune response to these antigens is generated. To elicit strong immunity, the tumour-cell vaccine must include substances that activa ...
The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry
... damage. They also prevent damage caused by irradiation [6, 7]. Extracts of plants containing bioflavonoids and purified flavonoids were active against Herpes virus Type 1, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza viruses [7]. Sambucol was shown to inhibit the hemagglutination and the ...
... damage. They also prevent damage caused by irradiation [6, 7]. Extracts of plants containing bioflavonoids and purified flavonoids were active against Herpes virus Type 1, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza viruses [7]. Sambucol was shown to inhibit the hemagglutination and the ...
Natural Killer cells in Innate Defense against Infective Pathogens
... cell proliferation [34-36]. Lastly, NK cell activity is controlled by IFN-I at various levels. NK cell function cannot be elicited in IFNAR-deficient mice after viral or bacterial infections or injection of TLR ligands [36,37]. IFN-I can be produced by all DC subsets. More recently, studies from Die ...
... cell proliferation [34-36]. Lastly, NK cell activity is controlled by IFN-I at various levels. NK cell function cannot be elicited in IFNAR-deficient mice after viral or bacterial infections or injection of TLR ligands [36,37]. IFN-I can be produced by all DC subsets. More recently, studies from Die ...
Antiviral activity of Engystol® and Gripp-Heel®: an in
... virus, rhinovirus and coxsackievirus [6,7]. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that Engystol® exerts modulatory effects on the immune system in terms of phagocytic activity, granulocyte function and improved humoral response [8-13]. However, the research conducted on this topic so far falls sh ...
... virus, rhinovirus and coxsackievirus [6,7]. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that Engystol® exerts modulatory effects on the immune system in terms of phagocytic activity, granulocyte function and improved humoral response [8-13]. However, the research conducted on this topic so far falls sh ...
The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double
... does not lead directly to inflammation but can lead to MHC-class-II-restricted antigen presentation of internalized material, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity 27. Considering their role in the formation of foam cells, one would expect scavenger receptors to have an important, if not cruc ...
... does not lead directly to inflammation but can lead to MHC-class-II-restricted antigen presentation of internalized material, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity 27. Considering their role in the formation of foam cells, one would expect scavenger receptors to have an important, if not cruc ...
Innate Immune Responses in HIV-Infection
... 2. Interactions of HIV with humoral components of the innate immune system Following entry of HIV into the host, humoral components of the innate immune system, such as complement system, interferons, cyto- and chemokines, are spontaneously activated and will be discussed here. Together with dendrit ...
... 2. Interactions of HIV with humoral components of the innate immune system Following entry of HIV into the host, humoral components of the innate immune system, such as complement system, interferons, cyto- and chemokines, are spontaneously activated and will be discussed here. Together with dendrit ...
Anti-idiotypes and Immunity
... may underline autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis, which stem from an immunological attack on the body itself. These interactions, known as idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions, can be exploited to manipulate the immune system. ...
... may underline autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis, which stem from an immunological attack on the body itself. These interactions, known as idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions, can be exploited to manipulate the immune system. ...
Aalborg Universitet immune cells
... pathways. This combination of congeners can still be recognised in human samples, such as blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and breast milk [9, 10]. The PBDEs are assumed to be neurotoxic, and toxic to reproductive and other endocrine organs at low concentrations [1, 11, 12]. Besides, they have been ...
... pathways. This combination of congeners can still be recognised in human samples, such as blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and breast milk [9, 10]. The PBDEs are assumed to be neurotoxic, and toxic to reproductive and other endocrine organs at low concentrations [1, 11, 12]. Besides, they have been ...
Short-term stress experienced at time of immunization induces a
... such as dexamethasone is potently immunosuppressive, as might be expected given their clinically well-known antiinflammatory effects (15). In this study we show that acute stress experienced during primary immunization enhances antigen-specific memory for a significant portion of the animal’s life s ...
... such as dexamethasone is potently immunosuppressive, as might be expected given their clinically well-known antiinflammatory effects (15). In this study we show that acute stress experienced during primary immunization enhances antigen-specific memory for a significant portion of the animal’s life s ...
Dynamic Nature of Noncoding RNA Regulation of Adaptive Immune
... of miRNAs could be employed in B- and T lineages to regulate similar effector functions, such as tissue homing and cytokine production [37–40]. In particular, miR-150 is strongly upregulated during human T-cell maturation; its expression is low in DN T-cells, increases in DP and CD8+ cells and is hi ...
... of miRNAs could be employed in B- and T lineages to regulate similar effector functions, such as tissue homing and cytokine production [37–40]. In particular, miR-150 is strongly upregulated during human T-cell maturation; its expression is low in DN T-cells, increases in DP and CD8+ cells and is hi ...
CTLA-4
... Stimulates production of IgA antibodies by inducing B-cells to switch to this isotype. (IgA is the major antibody isotype required for mucosal immunity.) Promotes tissue repair after local inflammatory reactions (stimulate collagen synthesis and angiogenesis). Membrane-tethered TGF-β can also ...
... Stimulates production of IgA antibodies by inducing B-cells to switch to this isotype. (IgA is the major antibody isotype required for mucosal immunity.) Promotes tissue repair after local inflammatory reactions (stimulate collagen synthesis and angiogenesis). Membrane-tethered TGF-β can also ...
T cell
... PD-L1 positivity defined as ≥5% tumor cell surface staining. Pre-treatment tumor specimens were centrally assessed by PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (using a validated BMS/Dako assay). ...
... PD-L1 positivity defined as ≥5% tumor cell surface staining. Pre-treatment tumor specimens were centrally assessed by PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (using a validated BMS/Dako assay). ...
Enriched CD161high CCR6+ γδ T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
... MS lesions.5-7 In human peripheral blood, ␥␦ T cells compose only a small population of less than 5% of the entire CD3⫹ Tcell population. As opposed to CD4⫹ TH and CD8⫹ cytotoxic T cells with conventional ␣ T-cell receptors, ␥␦ T cells are not HLA antigen restricted and are capable of responding ra ...
... MS lesions.5-7 In human peripheral blood, ␥␦ T cells compose only a small population of less than 5% of the entire CD3⫹ Tcell population. As opposed to CD4⫹ TH and CD8⫹ cytotoxic T cells with conventional ␣ T-cell receptors, ␥␦ T cells are not HLA antigen restricted and are capable of responding ra ...
An Investigation into the Source of Power for AIRS, an Artificial
... stimulated by exposure to the antigen begin cloning and mutating. The least stimulated B-cells die out. The process continues over multiple generations, with the most-stimulated B-cells being retained and the least stimulated ones being eliminated. Once the average stimulation level of the entire B- ...
... stimulated by exposure to the antigen begin cloning and mutating. The least stimulated B-cells die out. The process continues over multiple generations, with the most-stimulated B-cells being retained and the least stimulated ones being eliminated. Once the average stimulation level of the entire B- ...
... of FAMs were HLA-DR+, the percentage of NANR and LAM cells expressing this marker was 51±12% and 65±6%, respectively (table 1). Thus, the ability of enriched cell fractions isolated from exudative malignant pleural effusions to function as accessory cells in mixed leucocyte reaction experiments was ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.