ILO`s and lecture objectives-HMIM 224(2013
... Explain factors affecting absorption of iron from GIT. Discuss iron distribution and excretion in the body. Recognize laboratory assessment investigations for iron status. Understand causes of iron deficiencies and iron overload with reference to clinical consequences. ...
... Explain factors affecting absorption of iron from GIT. Discuss iron distribution and excretion in the body. Recognize laboratory assessment investigations for iron status. Understand causes of iron deficiencies and iron overload with reference to clinical consequences. ...
Contribution of Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells in the Innate Immune
... All TLRs are expressed in leukocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T-and Bcells and neutrophils (except TLR3). TLRs are also expressed in a variety of other non-epithelial and epithelial cell types, including renal tubule cells.(29) Tsuboi et al. first reported the expression o ...
... All TLRs are expressed in leukocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T-and Bcells and neutrophils (except TLR3). TLRs are also expressed in a variety of other non-epithelial and epithelial cell types, including renal tubule cells.(29) Tsuboi et al. first reported the expression o ...
Flagellated Pathogen Exhibit Impaired CD4 T Cell Responses to a
... In addition to this well-studied interaction of flagellin with host innate immune responses, flagellin also happens to be a protein Ag that is specifically targeted by the adaptive immune system during bacterial infection and inflammatory disease (17–19). Thus, the potential exists that host express ...
... In addition to this well-studied interaction of flagellin with host innate immune responses, flagellin also happens to be a protein Ag that is specifically targeted by the adaptive immune system during bacterial infection and inflammatory disease (17–19). Thus, the potential exists that host express ...
Mucosal Immunity - University of Michigan
... of birth control that's foolproof and easy to use. Researchers think they may be on track towards developing just that: a birth control vaccine, something that could prove to be the most effective birth control method ever. Common bacteria, which sometimes causes food poisoning or typhoid fever, cou ...
... of birth control that's foolproof and easy to use. Researchers think they may be on track towards developing just that: a birth control vaccine, something that could prove to be the most effective birth control method ever. Common bacteria, which sometimes causes food poisoning or typhoid fever, cou ...
Kinetics of tumor-specific T-cell response development after active
... induced by peptides are unable to recognize the antigen processed and presented naturally [13], the vaccination strategy reported here was highly effective in generating both HER-2/neu peptide- and protein-specific T cell immunity. While generation of peptide-specific immunity after peptide immuniza ...
... induced by peptides are unable to recognize the antigen processed and presented naturally [13], the vaccination strategy reported here was highly effective in generating both HER-2/neu peptide- and protein-specific T cell immunity. While generation of peptide-specific immunity after peptide immuniza ...
Cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food
... initiates a cascade of responses dependent on the initial stimuli that can regulate innate and adaptive immune systems [2,4–6]. The cytokine micro-environment during Th-cell activation determines effector T-cell differentiation through selective signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT ...
... initiates a cascade of responses dependent on the initial stimuli that can regulate innate and adaptive immune systems [2,4–6]. The cytokine micro-environment during Th-cell activation determines effector T-cell differentiation through selective signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT ...
A two-step model of T cell subset commitment: antigen
... However, the ability of APC obtained from 3-day infected mice to induce differentiation into the type 2 subset could not be restored by the addition of IL-4 plus anti-IL-12 mAb during an in vitro culture (Fig. 4). In contrast, the ability of APC to induce the type 1 subset was not impaired even afte ...
... However, the ability of APC obtained from 3-day infected mice to induce differentiation into the type 2 subset could not be restored by the addition of IL-4 plus anti-IL-12 mAb during an in vitro culture (Fig. 4). In contrast, the ability of APC to induce the type 1 subset was not impaired even afte ...
Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we
... The success or failure of a pathogen in establishing infection largely depends upon the results of early interactions with its host. For instance, the infectious process aborts if a pathogen is successfully neutralized by the host at a portal of entry [27e29]. Arguably, most research on bivalve immu ...
... The success or failure of a pathogen in establishing infection largely depends upon the results of early interactions with its host. For instance, the infectious process aborts if a pathogen is successfully neutralized by the host at a portal of entry [27e29]. Arguably, most research on bivalve immu ...
Cytokine production and antigen recognition by human mucosal
... of CD3þCD56TCRabCD8ab T cells10 in the epithelium and CD4þ in the lamina propria.10–13 The effector function of TCRabþCD8abþ cells in the healthy conjunctival epithelium is not known. Repeated exposure to antigen may account for an altered role for epithelial CD8þ lymphocytes, some of which may bec ...
... of CD3þCD56TCRabCD8ab T cells10 in the epithelium and CD4þ in the lamina propria.10–13 The effector function of TCRabþCD8abþ cells in the healthy conjunctival epithelium is not known. Repeated exposure to antigen may account for an altered role for epithelial CD8þ lymphocytes, some of which may bec ...
Immunotherapy and Bone-Metastatic Castration
... Bone-metastatic CRPC is challenging to treat. The majority of patients are first diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, which can typically be effectively treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy, however, 20–40% of patients develop recurrent disease. Clinical trials involving chem ...
... Bone-metastatic CRPC is challenging to treat. The majority of patients are first diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, which can typically be effectively treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy, however, 20–40% of patients develop recurrent disease. Clinical trials involving chem ...
INVITED TALK - NK cell Symposium 2017
... resulting in expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells expressing NKG2C, an activating NK cell receptor binding to HLA-E. In the elderly, infection with CMV has been associated with impaired immunity. Here, we analyzed the impact of CMV-associated changes in the NK cell compartment on anti ...
... resulting in expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells expressing NKG2C, an activating NK cell receptor binding to HLA-E. In the elderly, infection with CMV has been associated with impaired immunity. Here, we analyzed the impact of CMV-associated changes in the NK cell compartment on anti ...
Please make notes legible and use indentations when appropriate.
... – He realized that microbes (small organisms) were to blame for high post surgery death rates. – Pioneered the use of antiseptic and cleanliness. (Carbolic Acid Sprayer) ...
... – He realized that microbes (small organisms) were to blame for high post surgery death rates. – Pioneered the use of antiseptic and cleanliness. (Carbolic Acid Sprayer) ...
Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection
... has long been assumed that the majority of parasitespecific T cells were primed in the spleen and subsequently migrated to the liver, guided by chemotactic gradients [30]. Nevertheless, a recent study demonstrated that specific CD4 T cells can be primed in the liver and suffice to confer hepatic imm ...
... has long been assumed that the majority of parasitespecific T cells were primed in the spleen and subsequently migrated to the liver, guided by chemotactic gradients [30]. Nevertheless, a recent study demonstrated that specific CD4 T cells can be primed in the liver and suffice to confer hepatic imm ...
26-17 Dendritic cells - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • B cells mature in bone marrow • Possess antibodies (immunoglobulins) on surface for binding to antigens in presence of TH cells • B cells die if they do not encounter their specific antigen within a few days • B cells that bind to antigens differentiate – memory cells respond to same antigen in an ...
... • B cells mature in bone marrow • Possess antibodies (immunoglobulins) on surface for binding to antigens in presence of TH cells • B cells die if they do not encounter their specific antigen within a few days • B cells that bind to antigens differentiate – memory cells respond to same antigen in an ...
Primary immune responses to human CMV
... differentiation processes, first lose CD28 and then CD27.17 In latently infected persons, memory CD8⫹ T cells specific for asymptomatic latent viruses as such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) show phenotypic and functional heterogeneity,18-20 and the factors determining the phen ...
... differentiation processes, first lose CD28 and then CD27.17 In latently infected persons, memory CD8⫹ T cells specific for asymptomatic latent viruses as such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) show phenotypic and functional heterogeneity,18-20 and the factors determining the phen ...
Activation the Human Diseases Associated with Immune
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/8/4185.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/8/4185.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological Influences
... transient alterations in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid organs and peripheral blood mediated through receptors on lymphocytes or through sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of lymphoid organs like the spleen (Ackerman, Bellinger, Felten, & Felten, 1991). Thus, these transitory changes i ...
... transient alterations in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid organs and peripheral blood mediated through receptors on lymphocytes or through sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of lymphoid organs like the spleen (Ackerman, Bellinger, Felten, & Felten, 1991). Thus, these transitory changes i ...
Full Text PDF - J
... al. (2000) who showed that foreign Ags from the gut lumen located in the medulla of the bursa, implying that the active site of locally derived exogenous proteins was the medulla of bursal follicles. In the second experiment, to detect a single B cell clone response to TNP, we injected TNP-BSA into ...
... al. (2000) who showed that foreign Ags from the gut lumen located in the medulla of the bursa, implying that the active site of locally derived exogenous proteins was the medulla of bursal follicles. In the second experiment, to detect a single B cell clone response to TNP, we injected TNP-BSA into ...
antibodies
... survival and growth of the cancer cells might block redundant pathways, thus having poor effect on the death of the aberrant cells [70]. The efficiency of abs relying on triggering the innate immune mechanisms via their Fc region can be hindered by suboptimal interaction of Fc part of the mab with t ...
... survival and growth of the cancer cells might block redundant pathways, thus having poor effect on the death of the aberrant cells [70]. The efficiency of abs relying on triggering the innate immune mechanisms via their Fc region can be hindered by suboptimal interaction of Fc part of the mab with t ...
infected cells expressing H2-D k and CMV - JEM
... to secrete INF-␥ in the absence of infection (Fig. 1 C). However, when infected with MCMV, cells expressing H2-Dk stimulated NKL-Ly49P cells to produce IFN-␥ (Fig. 1 C). Ly49H-expressing NKL (NKL-Ly49H) cells secreted INF-␥ when co-cultured with MCMV-infected cells, irrespective of H2 expression (Fi ...
... to secrete INF-␥ in the absence of infection (Fig. 1 C). However, when infected with MCMV, cells expressing H2-Dk stimulated NKL-Ly49P cells to produce IFN-␥ (Fig. 1 C). Ly49H-expressing NKL (NKL-Ly49H) cells secreted INF-␥ when co-cultured with MCMV-infected cells, irrespective of H2 expression (Fi ...
B cells – ontogenesis and immune memory development
... a consequence of receiving a multiple signals from environment. The signals induce B cell transition from G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle and are called competence signals. This induces B cell responsiveness to progression factors. The signals that shift the cells further from G1 phase to the S pha ...
... a consequence of receiving a multiple signals from environment. The signals induce B cell transition from G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle and are called competence signals. This induces B cell responsiveness to progression factors. The signals that shift the cells further from G1 phase to the S pha ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.