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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

... http://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/3d-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-model/683105 ...


... • Antigen-induced regulatory CD4+ cells. • Develop from antigen stimulated Tlymhocytes in the environment of IL-10. • Tolerance of foreign antigens. • Very similar are „Th3 cells“. ...
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... -Antigen is partially digested, then complexed with MHC class II proteins -Complex is transported to and displayed on the cell surface ...
MORPHOLOGIE DES HEMATIES Normales et Pathologiques
MORPHOLOGIE DES HEMATIES Normales et Pathologiques

... - The Hydrophobic bonds may contribute to about half of the total attractive forces between the Ag and Ab. These bonds operate over a short distance; therefore the ADS must closely approach to ABS before interaction ...
Cancers of the Immune System
Cancers of the Immune System

... Immunodeficiencies can affect B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or phagocytes. The most common immunodeficiency disorder is IgA deficiency, in which the body doesn't produce enough of the antibody IgA, an immunoglobulin found primarily in the saliva and other body fluids that help guard the entrances to ...
Question 1 (1 point)
Question 1 (1 point)

... b. is present primarily in the peptide-binding regions of MHC proteins c. is the result of random association of many alpha and beta genes d. restricts the ability of B cells to bind antigens e. results in expression of dozens of MHC alleles on each antigen presenting cells Save answer Question 9 ( ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University

... infections. • Innate immunity exist before encountering with microbes and are rapidly activated by microbes before the development of adaptive immune responses. • Innate immunity is present in all multicellular organisms, including plants and insects. ...
Download PDF
Download PDF

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11.1 HL Immune System Part 1

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Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System
Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System

... pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans cancer cells foreign proteins such as bacterial toxins ...
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

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ImmunoGuard - Be A Champion USA
ImmunoGuard - Be A Champion USA

Effects of Shaking and Foot-Shock on Immune Function of Mice
Effects of Shaking and Foot-Shock on Immune Function of Mice

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S. mansoni

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Immune System
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... normal 37°C (98.6°F) – that often occurs in response to infection • Cytokines stimulate brain cells to release prostaglandins, which act on the hypothalamus • Fever enhances the immune response by speeding up metabolism and phagocyte activity • Fever over 40.6°C (105°F) can be dangerous ...
Syllbus File - Al-Hussein Bin Talal University
Syllbus File - Al-Hussein Bin Talal University

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Immunology. Mucosal and Body Surface Defences Brochure

... The vast majority of medically important pathogens infect their host across a body surface such as the skin, or across a mucosal tissue such as the respiratory tract or intestines, as these sites are the ones exposed to the external environment. By focusing on immunity at mucosal and body surfaces t ...
Systemic autoimmune diseases
Systemic autoimmune diseases

... • Also, B cells when exposed to large amounts of soluble antigen down regulate their surface IgM and become anergic. • These cells also up-regulate the Fas molecules on their surface. An interaction of these B cells with Fas-ligand-bearing cells results in their death via ...
chulalongkorn university-naist joint symposium on biological sciences
chulalongkorn university-naist joint symposium on biological sciences

... beta glucan binding proteins (LGBPs). PmLGBP recognizes and binds to LPS and b-1,3-glucan and subsequently activate the melanization cascade which is an important immune response of shrimp against bacterial infection. ...
Immune System
Immune System

... used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on White blood cells • CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands (the molecule that activates a receptor) important to the cell • A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the beha ...
Immunity - Seattle Central College
Immunity - Seattle Central College

... • Adaptive: response to attack improves with each exposure – Specific – Has memory ...
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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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