Organs and Tissues of the Immune System
... one lymphoid tissue to another. A lymphocyte makes a tour of the body (Blood→ Tissue→ Lymphatic system → Blood) once or twice daily ensuring antigen contact. Mostly T cells. Naive T cells circulate until they find an Ag or they will die. B cells have less requirement to recirculate. Recirculation an ...
... one lymphoid tissue to another. A lymphocyte makes a tour of the body (Blood→ Tissue→ Lymphatic system → Blood) once or twice daily ensuring antigen contact. Mostly T cells. Naive T cells circulate until they find an Ag or they will die. B cells have less requirement to recirculate. Recirculation an ...
Human Physiology - Daniela Sartori
... Activity is triggered by binding of antibodies to antigens (classic pathway) and by unique polysaccharide coating of bacteria (alternative pathway) Binding of antibodies to antigens does not by itself destroy antigens or pathogens Antibodies label targets for complement system attack and also sti ...
... Activity is triggered by binding of antibodies to antigens (classic pathway) and by unique polysaccharide coating of bacteria (alternative pathway) Binding of antibodies to antigens does not by itself destroy antigens or pathogens Antibodies label targets for complement system attack and also sti ...
Viruses, HIV, and Aids
... Neutralization: antibodies bind to the surface proteins of a virus or bacterium and block the pathogen from infecting the host cell. Opsonization: the antibodies bound to antigens increase and facilitate phagocytosis. Phagocytosis enable macrophages and dendritic cells to present antigens to and sti ...
... Neutralization: antibodies bind to the surface proteins of a virus or bacterium and block the pathogen from infecting the host cell. Opsonization: the antibodies bound to antigens increase and facilitate phagocytosis. Phagocytosis enable macrophages and dendritic cells to present antigens to and sti ...
7 T cell
... containing one variable (V) region and one constant (C) region Both the α chain and the β chain of the TCR participate in specific recognition of MHC molecules and bound peptides ...
... containing one variable (V) region and one constant (C) region Both the α chain and the β chain of the TCR participate in specific recognition of MHC molecules and bound peptides ...
Topic guide 8.6: Defence mechanisms
... Patients with blood group AB do not contain any antibodies so can receive blood from any blood group. However, their red blood cells have both antigen A and antigen B, so would cause a dangerous reaction if transfused into someone with a different blood group. People with blood group A contain antig ...
... Patients with blood group AB do not contain any antibodies so can receive blood from any blood group. However, their red blood cells have both antigen A and antigen B, so would cause a dangerous reaction if transfused into someone with a different blood group. People with blood group A contain antig ...
Lecture Notes
... The second mechanism whereby natural killer cells can recognise virus infected cells does not involve direct interaction with virus components, but involves the NK cells sensing changes in the infected cells’ surface constituents that are indicative of the cells being abnormal (and therefore a poten ...
... The second mechanism whereby natural killer cells can recognise virus infected cells does not involve direct interaction with virus components, but involves the NK cells sensing changes in the infected cells’ surface constituents that are indicative of the cells being abnormal (and therefore a poten ...
IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS
... 2. Cytotoxic Reactions (Type II Hypersensitivity) Definition - Ab binding to cell surfaces resulting in opsonization, complement activation, or ADCC Mechanisms Activation of classical complement pathway, MAC formation Opsonization by IgG or C3b, enhanced phagocytosis ...
... 2. Cytotoxic Reactions (Type II Hypersensitivity) Definition - Ab binding to cell surfaces resulting in opsonization, complement activation, or ADCC Mechanisms Activation of classical complement pathway, MAC formation Opsonization by IgG or C3b, enhanced phagocytosis ...
Membrane Receptors for Antigen
... called HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C (HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen – they were originally called antigens because animals make antibodies against MHC molecules from different individual) ...
... called HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C (HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen – they were originally called antigens because animals make antibodies against MHC molecules from different individual) ...
Unit1-3 lesson plan - The Vaccine Makers Project
... B cells are formed in the bone marrow. They are primarily known for production of antibodies; however, they also serve as antigen presenting cells and some are longlived as memory B cells. Dendritic Cells – Technically considered an innate immune cell, dendritic cells play a central role in the adap ...
... B cells are formed in the bone marrow. They are primarily known for production of antibodies; however, they also serve as antigen presenting cells and some are longlived as memory B cells. Dendritic Cells – Technically considered an innate immune cell, dendritic cells play a central role in the adap ...
- SlideBoom
... joint space, which release tissue-destructive enzymes and other factors that perpetuate inflammation, and Activation of the B-cell system, resulting in the production of antibodies, some of which are ...
... joint space, which release tissue-destructive enzymes and other factors that perpetuate inflammation, and Activation of the B-cell system, resulting in the production of antibodies, some of which are ...
Types II and III: Antibody-Mediated and Antigen
... Goodpasture syndrome is a rare disease that can involve rapidly progressive kidney failure along with lung disease. However, some forms of the disease involve just the lung or kidney, not both. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occur ...
... Goodpasture syndrome is a rare disease that can involve rapidly progressive kidney failure along with lung disease. However, some forms of the disease involve just the lung or kidney, not both. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occur ...
Specific Immunity. Antibodies
... bacteria and viruses. It can be produced by the fetus in certain infections. It has the highest avidity of the immunoglobulins; its interaction with antigen can involve all 10 of its binding sites. ...
... bacteria and viruses. It can be produced by the fetus in certain infections. It has the highest avidity of the immunoglobulins; its interaction with antigen can involve all 10 of its binding sites. ...
Chapter 29: Immunology - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... b. Act against bacteria, viruses, and parasites c. Part of the humoral immune response d. Act against tumor growth and metastasis Which of the following statements bout NK cells is true? a. Small dense lymphocytes b. Express receptors c. Function via non-MHC-restricted cell mediated cytotoxicity d. ...
... b. Act against bacteria, viruses, and parasites c. Part of the humoral immune response d. Act against tumor growth and metastasis Which of the following statements bout NK cells is true? a. Small dense lymphocytes b. Express receptors c. Function via non-MHC-restricted cell mediated cytotoxicity d. ...
IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZATION
... Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ...
... Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ...
CyTOF ICS
... Production of cytokines plays an important role in the immune response. Cytokines are involved in many different pathways including the induction of many anti-viral proteins by IFN gamma, the induction of T cell proliferation by IL-2 and the inhibition of viral gene expression and replication by TNF ...
... Production of cytokines plays an important role in the immune response. Cytokines are involved in many different pathways including the induction of many anti-viral proteins by IFN gamma, the induction of T cell proliferation by IL-2 and the inhibition of viral gene expression and replication by TNF ...
Chapter 22
... 17. List the primary mechanisms that are responsible for nonspecific resistance. First Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes 18. List the major means by which the skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense against pathogens. Second Line of Defense: Internal Defenses Antimicrobia ...
... 17. List the primary mechanisms that are responsible for nonspecific resistance. First Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes 18. List the major means by which the skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense against pathogens. Second Line of Defense: Internal Defenses Antimicrobia ...
Immune system
... 2. Do you think that most smokers know that smoking greatly increases their risk of death by lung cancer? If smokers knew this information, do you think they would ...
... 2. Do you think that most smokers know that smoking greatly increases their risk of death by lung cancer? If smokers knew this information, do you think they would ...
Document
... • Leukemia leads to opportunistic infections. – occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections – if immune system were healthy, would fight these infections ...
... • Leukemia leads to opportunistic infections. – occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections – if immune system were healthy, would fight these infections ...
9.3 Allergies and Lymphatic System
... • Mast cells = specialized cells found in tissues all over the body that store histamine (the chemical that causes symptoms like runny nose or sneezing) ...
... • Mast cells = specialized cells found in tissues all over the body that store histamine (the chemical that causes symptoms like runny nose or sneezing) ...
Tissue Histology
... in regulating the immune response. The MHC genes of humans are inherited from among a large pool of genes, so the cells of each person can exhibit variability in the pattern of cell surface molecules. The pattern is identical in different cells of the same person and can be similar in related siblin ...
... in regulating the immune response. The MHC genes of humans are inherited from among a large pool of genes, so the cells of each person can exhibit variability in the pattern of cell surface molecules. The pattern is identical in different cells of the same person and can be similar in related siblin ...
Cancer and the Immune System
... • All types of IFN increase MHC I expression • IFN-γ also has also been shown to increase MHC II expressionon macrophages and increase activity of Tc cells, macrophages, and NKs ...
... • All types of IFN increase MHC I expression • IFN-γ also has also been shown to increase MHC II expressionon macrophages and increase activity of Tc cells, macrophages, and NKs ...
02-04-12 ALLERGY: • META-ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIALS ON
... phenotypical and functional similarities. Both cell types can rapidly respond to the presence of tumour cells and participate in antitumour immune responses. ...
... phenotypical and functional similarities. Both cell types can rapidly respond to the presence of tumour cells and participate in antitumour immune responses. ...
Dental Microbiology #211 IMMUNOLOGY Lecture 3
... individuality of each organism. In organ transplantation, the recipient’s T cells, recognize the MHC molecules expressed by the graft tissue as foreign Ag, resulting in graft rejection. ...
... individuality of each organism. In organ transplantation, the recipient’s T cells, recognize the MHC molecules expressed by the graft tissue as foreign Ag, resulting in graft rejection. ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.