Cytokine - Chemotaxis Group
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
NMSI - (3) Adaptive Immune System and Cell Mediated Immunity
... 2. Specificity - Lymphocytes are tailored to combat specific antigens due to the great diversity of B cells and T cells. 3. Diversity - There are potentially billions of different antigen receptors on B cells and T cells that recognize billions of different antigens. 4. Memory - Immune system is cap ...
... 2. Specificity - Lymphocytes are tailored to combat specific antigens due to the great diversity of B cells and T cells. 3. Diversity - There are potentially billions of different antigen receptors on B cells and T cells that recognize billions of different antigens. 4. Memory - Immune system is cap ...
TLR signaling in cancers Jong
... ssRNA, and CpG motif from bacterial and viral DNA. TLR activation with their specific ligands leads to NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) activation through myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88- independent [TIR domain-co ...
... ssRNA, and CpG motif from bacterial and viral DNA. TLR activation with their specific ligands leads to NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) activation through myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88- independent [TIR domain-co ...
THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT VOCABULARY
... The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite the changes in an organism’s surroundings. An animal that does not have a backbone. Strong connective tissue that holds together the bones in a movable joint. A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particl ...
... The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite the changes in an organism’s surroundings. An animal that does not have a backbone. Strong connective tissue that holds together the bones in a movable joint. A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particl ...
Nonspecific Immunity, Complement System
... (C3bBb). The attachment of properdin (P) stabilizes the complex and allows it to generate more C3b. The end result is the deposition of large amounts of C3b on the pathogen. Adapted from Liszewski, MK, Atkinson, JP. The complement system. In: Immunology Scope Monograph, Schwartz, BD (Ed), Upjohn, Ka ...
... (C3bBb). The attachment of properdin (P) stabilizes the complex and allows it to generate more C3b. The end result is the deposition of large amounts of C3b on the pathogen. Adapted from Liszewski, MK, Atkinson, JP. The complement system. In: Immunology Scope Monograph, Schwartz, BD (Ed), Upjohn, Ka ...
VACCINES - Rovira i Virgili University
... Produce a strong antibody and cellular immune response Relatively easy and inexpensive to produce Closely mimic a natural infection, stimulating a strong immune response ...
... Produce a strong antibody and cellular immune response Relatively easy and inexpensive to produce Closely mimic a natural infection, stimulating a strong immune response ...
abstract
... Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9148 The presence of DNA and aberrant RNA in the cytoplasm is a danger signal that alerts the host immune system to eliminate microbial infections and malignant cells, but inappropriate activation of these pathways can also lead to ...
... Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9148 The presence of DNA and aberrant RNA in the cytoplasm is a danger signal that alerts the host immune system to eliminate microbial infections and malignant cells, but inappropriate activation of these pathways can also lead to ...
Human (mammalian) Body Systems Begin your tour of body systems
... * definition of hormone ** types of hormones (chemical classes) * the connection to the brain/nervous system ... the hypothalamus * homeostasis ... ooh, this is big! ** major glands and their functions/major hormones Integumentary system Chapter 36.3 Figure 36.13, p 934 * structure of skin ... layer ...
... * definition of hormone ** types of hormones (chemical classes) * the connection to the brain/nervous system ... the hypothalamus * homeostasis ... ooh, this is big! ** major glands and their functions/major hormones Integumentary system Chapter 36.3 Figure 36.13, p 934 * structure of skin ... layer ...
Angiology 脉管系统
... The activation of muscles or glands (typically via the release of neurotransmitters ) ...
... The activation of muscles or glands (typically via the release of neurotransmitters ) ...
Supplement to: HSP60, Apoptosis and Myocardial Injury S. R.
... caspase 3, bcl-xl, and bcl-xs. Samples were separated on a 2.5% agarose gel, and ethidium bromide staining used to detect DNA. 2) New synthesis - At 24h, immediately after 4 to 8h of labeling with 10 uCi/ml of S35-methionine (Amersham), cells were collected in lysis buffer, sonicated, and applied t ...
... caspase 3, bcl-xl, and bcl-xs. Samples were separated on a 2.5% agarose gel, and ethidium bromide staining used to detect DNA. 2) New synthesis - At 24h, immediately after 4 to 8h of labeling with 10 uCi/ml of S35-methionine (Amersham), cells were collected in lysis buffer, sonicated, and applied t ...
Membranes around cells provide separation
... movement of some substances into and out of cells o Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (or plasma membrane) o This membrane regulates what enters or leaves the cell o The cell membrane is differentially permeable; i.e. only certain substances can cross over it. o Cell membranes can form, re ...
... movement of some substances into and out of cells o Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (or plasma membrane) o This membrane regulates what enters or leaves the cell o The cell membrane is differentially permeable; i.e. only certain substances can cross over it. o Cell membranes can form, re ...
Cell Size Limitations Notes1
... nutrients and have 8X more waste to get rid of FYI – If E.coli were left unreglated, it could engulf the Earth in one day because it doubles in volume every 30 minutes!! ...
... nutrients and have 8X more waste to get rid of FYI – If E.coli were left unreglated, it could engulf the Earth in one day because it doubles in volume every 30 minutes!! ...
Cell growth and division
... a. Every cell must ____________________________________ before cell division. b. Each new daughter cell gets _____________________________________________. c. Cells of every organism have ____________________________________________. 10. Prokaryotic cells lack _________________. a. Where is their DN ...
... a. Every cell must ____________________________________ before cell division. b. Each new daughter cell gets _____________________________________________. c. Cells of every organism have ____________________________________________. 10. Prokaryotic cells lack _________________. a. Where is their DN ...
اإلنسان جسم Mannslíkaminn - المصطلحات قائمة Orðalisti
... cell nucleus: (frumukjarni) The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth stem cells: (stofnfrumur) An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, a ...
... cell nucleus: (frumukjarni) The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth stem cells: (stofnfrumur) An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, a ...
insights
... The authors demonstrated that this novel extracellular transfer system was promoted by IL-10 and PGE2 and inhibited by LPS. The phenomenon was demonstrated in a number of model systems including both rats and mice and also, importantly, in human AMs. Moreover, secretion was not simply dependent on e ...
... The authors demonstrated that this novel extracellular transfer system was promoted by IL-10 and PGE2 and inhibited by LPS. The phenomenon was demonstrated in a number of model systems including both rats and mice and also, importantly, in human AMs. Moreover, secretion was not simply dependent on e ...
Sodium-Potassium pumps
... Facilitated Diffusion Cells need to bring in substances (glucose, amino acids) by facilitated diffusion Carrier proteins combine with and transport substances across the cell membrane Possible because active transport maintains a concentration gradient ...
... Facilitated Diffusion Cells need to bring in substances (glucose, amino acids) by facilitated diffusion Carrier proteins combine with and transport substances across the cell membrane Possible because active transport maintains a concentration gradient ...
powerpoint
... 2. Activates T helper cell a. T helper cell activates B cell i. B cell makes antibodies ii. Makes memory cells ...
... 2. Activates T helper cell a. T helper cell activates B cell i. B cell makes antibodies ii. Makes memory cells ...
341-541 - McDermott.doc
... the undergraduates. This will be demonstrated through the essay exam format used for most of this course, as well as in class discussions (both small group and whole class). ...
... the undergraduates. This will be demonstrated through the essay exam format used for most of this course, as well as in class discussions (both small group and whole class). ...
Antigen-Antibody Interaction
... responses, one may measure the complexes formed and the amount of left-over free antigen and antibodies. The result of the interaction between an antigen and a B cell receptor is that the lymphocyte ingests the antigen and becomes activated, triggering the start of the clonal selection and expansion ...
... responses, one may measure the complexes formed and the amount of left-over free antigen and antibodies. The result of the interaction between an antigen and a B cell receptor is that the lymphocyte ingests the antigen and becomes activated, triggering the start of the clonal selection and expansion ...
ImmunitySystemAP
... promote release of histamine & lots of bodily fluids evolved as reaction to parasites ...
... promote release of histamine & lots of bodily fluids evolved as reaction to parasites ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.