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IntroductionImmunology
IntroductionImmunology

... Please see http://people.musc.edu/~boacklrj/integrinLFA-1.pdf ...
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Measuring immunity

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... 3. Osmosis – diffusion of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. Cells must have a mechanism for counteracting the pressure osmosis can create, otherwise a cell could swell & burst or explode when it comes in contact with a dilut ...
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Immuno Outline Test #3 Lectures 19/20: Mechanisms of Tolerance and

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defence mechanism of gingiva

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Congratulations / Félicitations - Canadian Society for Immunology

... peripheral T cells can remain in a naïve state in the T cell repertoire; a concept that has become widely known as T cell “ignorance”. She was also amongst the first to show conclusively that thymocyte selection is based on an affinity/avidity model. Dr. Ohashi has extended her work on T cell tolera ...
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The T Cell Receptor: Structure and Genetic Basis

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Biology Review - s3.amazonaws.com

... gaseous solute resulting in a solution. • a liquid or gas that dissolves only solids resulting in a solution ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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