• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
path 184 to 226 Innate Immunity Innate immunity: epithelial barriers
path 184 to 226 Innate Immunity Innate immunity: epithelial barriers

... o CD4 and CD8 expressed on mutually exclusive subsets of αβ T cells; serve as coreceptor that initiates signals necessary for activation of T cells  CD4+ function as cytokine-secreting helper cells that help macrophages and B cells; respond to class II MHC molecules  CD8+ are CTLs; respond to clas ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... not only reacts against one specific antigenic component of a pathogen but its ability to react against that particular component improves with subsequent confrontations with it. The adaptive immune response exhibits four distinctive properties: specificity, diversity, memory, and self/nonself recog ...
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases

... against “self-antigens” Tissue damage  Single organ or multisystem diseases  More than 1 autoantibody in a given disease may occur  Common in females ...
Nutritional Supplementation in HIV-Infected
Nutritional Supplementation in HIV-Infected

... 2005–2007, at the Tuberculosis Research Centre, India. After the initial nutritional assessment, patients were given the supplement and assessed clinically every month by 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometry, body composition, blood chemistry, and immunology were measured at the 6th month. The outc ...
Transcriptomic response of goat mammary epithelial cells to
Transcriptomic response of goat mammary epithelial cells to

... - S100 calcium binding protein A9; STAT3 - signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR2 – tolllike receptor 2; TNFAIP3 - tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3; TP53 - tumor protein p53; TRAF7 - TNF receptor-associated factor 6. ...
The Immune System and Disease
The Immune System and Disease

... • In a small area of Connecticut, Steere found 39 children and several adults suffering from pain and joint inflammation • Their symptoms looked like a rare form of childhood arthritis • However, Steere thought that there were far too many cases of arthritis for such a small population • He looked f ...
Lymphatic/Immune - Pasadena City College
Lymphatic/Immune - Pasadena City College

... 2. containment and destruction of pathogens 3. tissue clean-up and repair ...
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

...  HIV-1 is by far the most common cause of AIDS, but HIV-2, which differs in genomic structure and antigenicity, causes a similar clinical syndrome ...
Title goes here
Title goes here

... that cleavage takes place predominantly C-terminal of D, instead of V as is the case for the Moloney MuLV sequence. Therefore, the C terminus of the epitope is not properly generated. Epitope-containing peptide fragments extended with an additional C-terminal D are not efficiently translocated by TA ...
IgG and IgA Antibody Profiling with the PEPperCHIP
IgG and IgA Antibody Profiling with the PEPperCHIP

... epitope KEVPALTAVETGAT of human poliovirus. Most likely, the response raised by a polio immunization, whereas the coxsackievirus responses resulted from cross-reactions of the corresponding antibody. Other strong IgG responses were directed against various epitopes of herpes simplex virus, a common ...
Chapter 16: Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 16: Lymphatic System and Immunity

... a. B cells may become activated when an antigen binds to its membrane-bound receptor. b. Upon activation, B cells divide repeatedly. c. T cells help B cells by releasing cytokines that stimulate B cell proliferation and antibody production. d. The functions of memory B cells are to respond rapidly t ...
Mathematics Semester 1 Study Guide
Mathematics Semester 1 Study Guide

... learned about two chemical reactions…choose one) ...
ppt - med.muni
ppt - med.muni

... • Mesangioproliferative GN with deposits of IgA, event. C3 • Etiology: - unknown, clinical manifestation is associated with infection – with latent period 2-3 days - association with HLA (DQ, DP) T-lymphocytes produce  levels of IL-2 (+  IR-2R) and they ...
Immune Epitope Database assays
Immune Epitope Database assays

Anti-CD43 antibody ab68421 Product datasheet 2 Images Overview
Anti-CD43 antibody ab68421 Product datasheet 2 Images Overview

... physicochemical properties of the T-cell surface and in lectin binding. Presents carbohydrate ligands to selectins. Has an extended rodlike structure that could protrude above the glycocalyx of the cell and allow multiple glycan chains to be accessible for binding. Is a counter receptor for SN/Sigl ...
Immune Regulation in the Male Genital Tract
Immune Regulation in the Male Genital Tract

... junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells, as part of the blood-testis barrier, prevent sperm-immune cell contact. In some portions of the genital tract this barrier is thin or incomplete. Immune mechanisms have evolved to actively suppress the autoimmune response to spermatozoa within the genital tr ...
Animal Form and Function Review
Animal Form and Function Review

... Natural killer cells ...
Winslow
Winslow

... HA specific TCR Transgenic mouse Mouse expressing HA peptide ...
Animal Models in Immunology - Academic Resources at Missouri
Animal Models in Immunology - Academic Resources at Missouri

... • Homozygous for recessive trait called “nu” • Immunodeficient since it can’t produce T-cells and lymphocytes. • This allows for implantation of human tumor cells into mouse without rejection. ...
Session Abstracts and Schedule
Session Abstracts and Schedule

... Immune responses involve cell-cell interactions within lymphoid tissues, trafficking of activated cells to sites of effector function, and the migration of such effector cells within peripheral tissues. To gain a more detailed appreciation of the relationships among cell movement, tissue architectur ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Virulence
Characteristics of Bacteria Virulence

AP Bio Fall Final Study Guide
AP Bio Fall Final Study Guide

... This is possibly the scariest looking thing in the chapter but a few important things to get out of here. It has 8 steps where the cycle is simply taking the energy from Acetyl CoA and placing the in NADH or FADH. The results of the cycle is 6 NADH and 2 FADH2. These both then take the electrons to ...
Blood
Blood

... out in urine and make it yellow. If it is excreted by the liver, the liver will dump it into the small intestine with bile. From there it will enter the large intestine, come out with feces, and contribute to the yellowish/brownish color of feces. *there are actually a couple of conversions before ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... --molecules must contain both C and H --can contain more than just C and H --those that contain only C and H are called Hydrocarbons. Example of a hydrocarbon is methane, aka biogas or gut gas. It is made from 1 C and 4 H. Methane is emitted from the Bacteria of ruminant animals and those found in r ...
幻灯片 1 - Shandong University
幻灯片 1 - Shandong University

... General features of immunological tolerance • Tolerance is antigenic specific and results from the recognition of antigens by specific lymphocytes. • Normal individuals are tolerant of their own antigens(self antigen)----- Self-tolerance. • Foreign antigens may be administered in ways that preferen ...
< 1 ... 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 ... 611 >

Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report