Open questions: microbes, metabolism and host-pathogen interactions Open Access
... many of these pathogens may have evolved new signaling modules that are quite different from the well characterized signaling cascades in their host. How and which nutrient signals are sensed, the identity of intervening signaling modules, and the number and type of down-stream intracellular effecto ...
... many of these pathogens may have evolved new signaling modules that are quite different from the well characterized signaling cascades in their host. How and which nutrient signals are sensed, the identity of intervening signaling modules, and the number and type of down-stream intracellular effecto ...
Word Count: 783 In 1890, German medical professor Wilhelm Erb
... Myasthenia gravis causes a progressive and abnormally rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles. It is known as an autoimmune disease, in which the body generates an immune system attack against its own skeletal muscles. This arises when lymphocytes in the blood produce antibodies that destroy muscle-c ...
... Myasthenia gravis causes a progressive and abnormally rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles. It is known as an autoimmune disease, in which the body generates an immune system attack against its own skeletal muscles. This arises when lymphocytes in the blood produce antibodies that destroy muscle-c ...
The Biology of Aging: An Overview
... annual plants, Pacific salmon) • GRADUAL: slow but persistent deterioration after maturation i in i all ll placental l l mammals l • NEGLIGIBLE: no clear evidence for postmaturational t t ti l increases i in i mortality t lit rate t (e.g., ...
... annual plants, Pacific salmon) • GRADUAL: slow but persistent deterioration after maturation i in i all ll placental l l mammals l • NEGLIGIBLE: no clear evidence for postmaturational t t ti l increases i in i mortality t lit rate t (e.g., ...
The NLRP12 Sensor Negatively Regulates Autoinflammatory
... CD69, and markedly downregulated CD62L relative to WT cells (Figure 1C), which suggests that T cells are in a hyperactivated state in NLRP12-deficient mice. To further characterize the abil- ...
... CD69, and markedly downregulated CD62L relative to WT cells (Figure 1C), which suggests that T cells are in a hyperactivated state in NLRP12-deficient mice. To further characterize the abil- ...
Interferon Therapy
... • Interferons play an important role in the first line of defense against viral infections • Interferons are part of the non-specific immune system • Interferons are made by cells in response to an appropriate stimulus ...
... • Interferons play an important role in the first line of defense against viral infections • Interferons are part of the non-specific immune system • Interferons are made by cells in response to an appropriate stimulus ...
Possible Applications Basic overview
... encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. ...
... encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. ...
Serotonin – A link between disgust and immunity?
... body envelope. Thus, some cues will simultaneously elicit both emesis and innate immune responses; we postulate this is the case for 5-HT. Recently, it was shown that both T cells (CD3+) and B cells (CD20+) sit proximal to EC cells in the gut of rhesus macaques [28], and it was suggested that 5-HT r ...
... body envelope. Thus, some cues will simultaneously elicit both emesis and innate immune responses; we postulate this is the case for 5-HT. Recently, it was shown that both T cells (CD3+) and B cells (CD20+) sit proximal to EC cells in the gut of rhesus macaques [28], and it was suggested that 5-HT r ...
A minimum of two distinct heritable factors are required to explain
... having different responses and even then this is in less than 20% of cases. Figure 2 presents the correlations in division times for siblings and first cousins for one experimental set of results labelled Fam2 (the other data is qualitatively similar). Each is positively correlated (Figure 3 E and F ...
... having different responses and even then this is in less than 20% of cases. Figure 2 presents the correlations in division times for siblings and first cousins for one experimental set of results labelled Fam2 (the other data is qualitatively similar). Each is positively correlated (Figure 3 E and F ...
Linköping University Post Print Distinct parts of leukotriene C-4 synthase
... activated cells of myeloid origin by reactions catalyzed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S). 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) is structurally related to LTC4S and facilitates the transfer of arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids to 5-LO [3]. Ca2+ act ...
... activated cells of myeloid origin by reactions catalyzed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S). 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) is structurally related to LTC4S and facilitates the transfer of arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids to 5-LO [3]. Ca2+ act ...
Systemic Acquired Resistance (Fifty Years after Discovery): Moving
... requires significant consumption of resources by the plant in terms of new expressed genes, proteins and metabolic pathways also in absence of pathogens. All results so far reported show that fitness costs may depend by several, not always evident, factors, including nature of the chemical inducer, ...
... requires significant consumption of resources by the plant in terms of new expressed genes, proteins and metabolic pathways also in absence of pathogens. All results so far reported show that fitness costs may depend by several, not always evident, factors, including nature of the chemical inducer, ...
Master proper.docx - BORA
... formation. They are active around three days after infection. B cells have three main tasks: generate antibodies against antigens, function as antigenpresenting cells (APC; see below), and develop into memory B cells after activation. The B cell is a key component in humoral immunity (“humours” = ex ...
... formation. They are active around three days after infection. B cells have three main tasks: generate antibodies against antigens, function as antigenpresenting cells (APC; see below), and develop into memory B cells after activation. The B cell is a key component in humoral immunity (“humours” = ex ...
Improved Tolerance to Salt and Water Stress in
... and groups, but the mechanisms by which cellular protection is conferred under water stress are still poorly understood (Battaglia et al., 2008; Cuming, 1999; Tunnacliffe and Wise, 2007; Wise and Tunnacliffe, 2004). Interaction with phospholipids was reported for COR15am, a group 3 LEA protein, whic ...
... and groups, but the mechanisms by which cellular protection is conferred under water stress are still poorly understood (Battaglia et al., 2008; Cuming, 1999; Tunnacliffe and Wise, 2007; Wise and Tunnacliffe, 2004). Interaction with phospholipids was reported for COR15am, a group 3 LEA protein, whic ...
AQUAPORINS IN INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION ANGELIKA HOLM
... microbes and are at war with the microbial world. Normally we are in symbiosis with our normal flora while at the same time we need to be able to fight off pathogens. The skin and the internal mucosal surfaces covering the outside and the inside of the human body are natural barriers for pathogens. ...
... microbes and are at war with the microbial world. Normally we are in symbiosis with our normal flora while at the same time we need to be able to fight off pathogens. The skin and the internal mucosal surfaces covering the outside and the inside of the human body are natural barriers for pathogens. ...
Moderate Physical Exercise and Purinergic Signaling: The Impact of
... activities on platelets and lymphocytes in a model of moderate physical exercise: rats submitted to swimming training. A vast body of evidence during the last few decades has shown the clear benefits of moderate physical exercise to health. The immune and cardiovascular functions improvements are tw ...
... activities on platelets and lymphocytes in a model of moderate physical exercise: rats submitted to swimming training. A vast body of evidence during the last few decades has shown the clear benefits of moderate physical exercise to health. The immune and cardiovascular functions improvements are tw ...
The Blood Group Systems
... • There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today • The AB0 and Rhesus (Rh) systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. • Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, ...
... • There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today • The AB0 and Rhesus (Rh) systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. • Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, ...
Session 407 Inflammaging and eye
... Possible correlations between DNA damage and functional impairment of th eTM will be presented. The clinical implication of the above reported findings will be discussed, as well as the potential for identification of new biomarker of the disease. Commercial Relationships: Stefano Gandolfi, None Pro ...
... Possible correlations between DNA damage and functional impairment of th eTM will be presented. The clinical implication of the above reported findings will be discussed, as well as the potential for identification of new biomarker of the disease. Commercial Relationships: Stefano Gandolfi, None Pro ...
Manifestation of ulcerative lichen planus and
... between periradicular granulomas and cysts. The T4/T8 ratio ranged approximately from 1 to 3 and greater, being consistent with inflammation of periradicular tissues. The final differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells was also detected, whilst natural killer (NK) cells were found in only 10 ...
... between periradicular granulomas and cysts. The T4/T8 ratio ranged approximately from 1 to 3 and greater, being consistent with inflammation of periradicular tissues. The final differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells was also detected, whilst natural killer (NK) cells were found in only 10 ...
Interferon-gamma deficiency prevents coronary arteriosclerosis but
... teriopathy remain conjectural, they presumably involve multiple factors. For example, immunological differences between host and donor tissues (with resultant cellular and/or humoral immunity) probably contribute to the pathogenesis, although ischemic, infectious, and other etiologies have also been ...
... teriopathy remain conjectural, they presumably involve multiple factors. For example, immunological differences between host and donor tissues (with resultant cellular and/or humoral immunity) probably contribute to the pathogenesis, although ischemic, infectious, and other etiologies have also been ...
High throughput proteomic strategies for identifying tumour
... and costly. Recombinant proteins produced in systems other than mammalian ones may not have the proper post-translational modifications and may be misfolded after production. However, proteins isolated from mammalian cells using non-denaturing lysis buffers, will retain their native conformation and w ...
... and costly. Recombinant proteins produced in systems other than mammalian ones may not have the proper post-translational modifications and may be misfolded after production. However, proteins isolated from mammalian cells using non-denaturing lysis buffers, will retain their native conformation and w ...
Immunology, Nutrition, and the Athlete, Part II
... of need. Because of this, skeletal muscle and the glutamine it produces are thought to play a role in directly influencing the immune system. Decreased levels of plasma glutamine resulting from muscular overuse are thought to affect the function of lymphocytes.2 The “glutamine hypothesis” suggests ...
... of need. Because of this, skeletal muscle and the glutamine it produces are thought to play a role in directly influencing the immune system. Decreased levels of plasma glutamine resulting from muscular overuse are thought to affect the function of lymphocytes.2 The “glutamine hypothesis” suggests ...
1 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THE HAND FINAL
... There is an enormous variety of B lymphocytes, each programmed to synthesize a single antibody specificity. These antibodies are expressed on the lymphocyte cell surface and act as a receptor for antigens. This process is highly selective; for example, antibodies that recognize tetanus toxoid antige ...
... There is an enormous variety of B lymphocytes, each programmed to synthesize a single antibody specificity. These antibodies are expressed on the lymphocyte cell surface and act as a receptor for antigens. This process is highly selective; for example, antibodies that recognize tetanus toxoid antige ...
the printed Meeting Program
... and University Pierre et Marie Curie. Wolf Fridman’s research interests have been focused around the role of the immune system in controlling human tumors and the biological functions of Fc receptors. His main contributions in cancer immunology stand up to 1969 when he published, with François Kouri ...
... and University Pierre et Marie Curie. Wolf Fridman’s research interests have been focused around the role of the immune system in controlling human tumors and the biological functions of Fc receptors. His main contributions in cancer immunology stand up to 1969 when he published, with François Kouri ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.