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ABATEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES AS A RESULT OF
ABATEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES AS A RESULT OF

... Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the Tcell mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The steady increase in prevalence and incidence of T1D across the globe suggests disease onset may be contributed by various facto ...
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Antitumor immunity by magnetic nanoparticle

... process and present dying tumor cell material to adaptive immune cells is responsible for the subsequent induction of antitumor immune responses (Figure 1) . These immunogenic characteristics are mainly mediated by molecules called ‘damage-associated molecular patterns’ (DAMPs). Many immunogenic fac ...
The P Domain of the P0 Protein of Plasmodium falciparum Protects
The P Domain of the P0 Protein of Plasmodium falciparum Protects

... been studied extensively in humans because of their association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder. Approximately 10 to 15% of patients suffering from SLE possess autoantibodies against the conserved carboxyterminal 22 amino acids of the P proteins (4). The reactive doma ...
Statistical Selection of Amino Acids Fortifying a Minimal Defined
Statistical Selection of Amino Acids Fortifying a Minimal Defined

... initial medium and 10.0 g/l in the feed medium. Set 3 contained glutamine at a concentration of 0.6 g/l in the initial medium and 6.0 g/l in the feed medium. Set 4 contained glutamine, arginine and cysteine at a concentration of 0.6, 1.2, and 0.5 g/l in the initial medium and 1.8, 3.0, and 1.2 g/l i ...
Variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of
Variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of

... has been questioned, partly because of the potential for contamination of clinical samples with bacteria of the normal skin microbiota. Several lines of evidence clearly implicate P. acnes as an important component in the development of inflammatory acne. P. acnes colonizes sebaceous follicles after ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN

... Recently, various publications have reported that whether marginal-zone B cells or follicular B cells are generated is a cell-fate decision of mature B cells that is controlled by signalling through Notch proteins and by the activity of E proteins90,91. In the absence of Notch-2 or RBP-J (Igκ joinin ...
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A dynamical model of human immune response to influenza A virus

... Since structure of these antigens is conserved within the type of virus, Th1 cells against these antigens are crossreactive within the type of influenza (Tamura et al., 2005). Finally, APC stimulate adaptive immunity by activating the proliferation of virus-specific plasma cells which produce antibodi ...
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The high proliferative potential colony assay

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... The Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED) is one of the research institutes of Hasselt University with a staff of about 120 researchers, clinicians and technicians. Currently, 20% of PhD students come from outside the European Union. Over the last years, the Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED) e ...
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... A selective deficiency of umidine triphosphate (UTP) was induced in AS-30D matascites hepatoma cells by the synem gistic action of D-galactosamine and 6-azaunidine. The me sistance of these hepatoma cells to low concentrations of D novo synthesis, , by analogs (4, 36); (b) acceleration of galactosam ...
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Peptide-Binding Specificity Molecule, Defines a New Supertype of

... discovery of promiscuous peptides, which bind to multiple HLA II molecules, and greatly enhances the potential for the use of epitope-based vaccines (10 –15). Supertypes were initially described for the class I molecules (16 –18) and only attributed to HLA-DR molecules for the class II molecules (6, ...
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Epitope Masking in a Murine Model Independently from Red Cell

... fetal red cells. Much of our information on how anti-D may prevent immunization to D+ RBCs has come from seminal studies dating back to the 1960s on human male D2 volunteers immunized with D+ RBCs. In many of these studies and others that have followed, it was noticed that the dose of anti-D that ca ...
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Cleavage of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Members after TCR

... inhibiting proapoptotic Bax and Bak (18, 19). During apoptosis, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can be cleaved by caspases and lose their antiapoptotic functions (20–22). Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with mutations of the cleavage sites are more efficient in inhibiting apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting t ...
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The Integumentary System - Sinoe Medical Association

... response eg. Lysis & Chemotaxis for Neutrophils & Macrophages Adhesion molecules Help bind T cells & increase cell trafficking to the area ...
Sperm-based contraceptive vaccine for wild rabbit
Sperm-based contraceptive vaccine for wild rabbit

... vector (myxoma virus, cytomegalovirus) expressing a common egg protein (ZPC) as a vaccine. However, this GMO approach is questionable, since there is limited control after release of virus into the environment and the egg antigen is not species-specific. In contrast, we have favoured a noninfectious ...
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Aplastic Anemia: Current Thinking on the Disease
Aplastic Anemia: Current Thinking on the Disease

... • Acquired aplastic anemia: The most common cause is idiopathic aplastic anemia. This is when the immune system is triggered to attack the bone marrow stem cells • Driving force for this dysregulated immune response is not clear • Balance between attack and protect is skewed • T cells are the bad gu ...
Plasma Cells - Roitt`s Essential Immunology
Plasma Cells - Roitt`s Essential Immunology

... both the contact and growth factors B cells need to progress through stages of maturation. Both plasma cells and developing B cells are likely to interact with stromal cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, an important understanding of the components required for B-cell development may elucidate simi ...
Severe Aplastic Anaemia - Women`s and Children`s Hospital
Severe Aplastic Anaemia - Women`s and Children`s Hospital

... The cause of the disease is usually unknown and is often termed “idiopathic”. It is thought that most cases of Severe Aplastic Anaemia are “acquired”, that is it is not inherited, it is not present from birth and develops some time during life. Idiopathic Acquired Severe Aplastic Anaemia is thought ...
Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by fever
Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by fever

... effectors and tumor cells separately at 37°C or 39.5°C for 6 h before placing them together in a 6-h cytotoxicity assay at 37°C. Although incubation of just the target cells at elevated temperatures appeared to enhance cytotoxicity slightly more than incubation of just the NK cells at elevated tempe ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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