THE OPTIMISATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION ASSAYS IN MURRAY
... light scattering properties of cells to categorise them into different subpopulations based on their size, granularity and/or their emission of fluorescent signals and can be used to measure the internalisation of fluorescent beads by phagocytic cells (Thuvander et al. 1992). The lymphoproliferative r ...
... light scattering properties of cells to categorise them into different subpopulations based on their size, granularity and/or their emission of fluorescent signals and can be used to measure the internalisation of fluorescent beads by phagocytic cells (Thuvander et al. 1992). The lymphoproliferative r ...
Robertson et al. 2003 Seminal priming
... with paternal alloantigens. TGFb has potent immune-deviating effects and is likely to be the key agent in skewing the immune response against a Type-1 bias. Prior exposure to semen in the context of TGFb can be shown to be associated with enhanced fetal /placental development late in gestation. In ...
... with paternal alloantigens. TGFb has potent immune-deviating effects and is likely to be the key agent in skewing the immune response against a Type-1 bias. Prior exposure to semen in the context of TGFb can be shown to be associated with enhanced fetal /placental development late in gestation. In ...
The Complement system
... • Eventially enough C3b is cleaved that the surface of the bacteria begins to become saturated with it. • C2b and C4b which make up the C3 activation complex has a slight affinity for C3b and C3b binds to them • When C3b binds to C2b and C4b it forms a new complex referred to as the C5 activation ...
... • Eventially enough C3b is cleaved that the surface of the bacteria begins to become saturated with it. • C2b and C4b which make up the C3 activation complex has a slight affinity for C3b and C3b binds to them • When C3b binds to C2b and C4b it forms a new complex referred to as the C5 activation ...
Female sex hormones regulate the Th17 immune response to sperm
... an influx of neutrophils to the mucosa of the FRT (Rozeboom et al., 1999; Gorgens et al., 2005; Schuberth et al., 2008). In humans, semen was shown to induce a local recruitment of leukocytes, detected only after coitus without a condom (Sharkey et al., 2012a). Moreover, the presence of antisperm ant ...
... an influx of neutrophils to the mucosa of the FRT (Rozeboom et al., 1999; Gorgens et al., 2005; Schuberth et al., 2008). In humans, semen was shown to induce a local recruitment of leukocytes, detected only after coitus without a condom (Sharkey et al., 2012a). Moreover, the presence of antisperm ant ...
1 TEMA 2. SISTEMA DE COMPLEMENTO
... Assembly of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC). Recruitment of a further C3b into the C3bBb enzymic complex generates a C5 convertase which cleaves C5a from C5 and leaves the remaining C5b attached to the membrane. Once C5b is membrane bound, C6 and C7 attach themselves to form the stable compl ...
... Assembly of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC). Recruitment of a further C3b into the C3bBb enzymic complex generates a C5 convertase which cleaves C5a from C5 and leaves the remaining C5b attached to the membrane. Once C5b is membrane bound, C6 and C7 attach themselves to form the stable compl ...
Cell-based strategies/therapies for cartilage - HAL
... variety of immunosuppressive factors that will suppress immune cell proliferation in response to various stimuli. Indeed, it has been reported that MSC inhibit T cell proliferation through induced anergy and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase [14]. MSCs have also been reported to inhibit B cell proli ...
... variety of immunosuppressive factors that will suppress immune cell proliferation in response to various stimuli. Indeed, it has been reported that MSC inhibit T cell proliferation through induced anergy and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase [14]. MSCs have also been reported to inhibit B cell proli ...
Transgenic Model Injection of Dendritic Cells in a TCR Division, and
... of the lymph nodes, analogous to the migration of Langerhans cells from the skin, are poorly understood, but are considered to be essential for mature DCs to interact with naive recirculating T cells (12, 13). It is likely that this initial interaction between DCs and T cells, leading to mutual acti ...
... of the lymph nodes, analogous to the migration of Langerhans cells from the skin, are poorly understood, but are considered to be essential for mature DCs to interact with naive recirculating T cells (12, 13). It is likely that this initial interaction between DCs and T cells, leading to mutual acti ...
Team Hockey: Glucose and ATP
... • Uses glucose to create energy molecules (ATP, NADH) • Makes Pyruvate for Citric Acid Cycle (part of aerobic respiration). • Produces 6-carbon and 3-carbon intermediate compounds (used for many purposes). ...
... • Uses glucose to create energy molecules (ATP, NADH) • Makes Pyruvate for Citric Acid Cycle (part of aerobic respiration). • Produces 6-carbon and 3-carbon intermediate compounds (used for many purposes). ...
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Bird of a Different Feather
... (IFN-␥), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-1) have all been detected.39,40 Their role in the natural history of B-CLL is still unclear, even if some are responsible for negative autocrine circuits. Although a rol ...
... (IFN-␥), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-1) have all been detected.39,40 Their role in the natural history of B-CLL is still unclear, even if some are responsible for negative autocrine circuits. Although a rol ...
A vaccine for malaria?
... when they contract the illness and develop an immune response to it. The immune system can then fight off the same disease if it encounters it again. Vaccination mimics this process — the vaccine stimulates the immune system to generate a protective response against that pathogen if the individual i ...
... when they contract the illness and develop an immune response to it. The immune system can then fight off the same disease if it encounters it again. Vaccination mimics this process — the vaccine stimulates the immune system to generate a protective response against that pathogen if the individual i ...
Neurohormonal-cytokine interactions: Implications for
... to severe fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite as common adverse effects. Second, behavioral changes, resembling the vegetative symptoms of depression are observed in rodents after acute administration of proinflammatory cytokines. Third, recent evidence indicates increased serum levels of pro-inflamma ...
... to severe fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite as common adverse effects. Second, behavioral changes, resembling the vegetative symptoms of depression are observed in rodents after acute administration of proinflammatory cytokines. Third, recent evidence indicates increased serum levels of pro-inflamma ...
Immunotherapy for prostate cancer: the next step?
... investigated predominantly in advanced disease, where the immune system may have been suppressed and impaired by previous treatments, disease burden and ...
... investigated predominantly in advanced disease, where the immune system may have been suppressed and impaired by previous treatments, disease burden and ...
General Information - Peer Education & Evaluation Resource Center
... infections and diseases. HIV infects CD4+ T cells (a key component of the immune system) and other cells. Loss of CD4+ cells and other factors cause the immune system to weaken gradually. Body gradually loses ability to fight off infections. Other factors can further weaken the immune system ...
... infections and diseases. HIV infects CD4+ T cells (a key component of the immune system) and other cells. Loss of CD4+ cells and other factors cause the immune system to weaken gradually. Body gradually loses ability to fight off infections. Other factors can further weaken the immune system ...
Reduced expression of the ab T-cell antigen receptor by alveolar T-cells
... same way as for the single-colour analysis. For evaluating TCR expression on memory and naive blood T-cells separately, 56105 blood mononuclear cells in a 50 mL aliquot of PBS containing azide and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were first stained with 5 mL of TCR-1 for 30 min at 48C, followed by st ...
... same way as for the single-colour analysis. For evaluating TCR expression on memory and naive blood T-cells separately, 56105 blood mononuclear cells in a 50 mL aliquot of PBS containing azide and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were first stained with 5 mL of TCR-1 for 30 min at 48C, followed by st ...
Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and
... initiated without delay to ensure survival. An effective adaptive response is dependent upon efficient activation of innate immunity since antigen presenting cells (APCs) that are not fully activated are poor stimulators of T- or B-cell responses.1-3 However, the initial infection usually involves e ...
... initiated without delay to ensure survival. An effective adaptive response is dependent upon efficient activation of innate immunity since antigen presenting cells (APCs) that are not fully activated are poor stimulators of T- or B-cell responses.1-3 However, the initial infection usually involves e ...
Options for Patients with Advanced Stage Low Grade Follicular
... cancer to spread to other parts of the body and reduce survival prospects. Such a ‘wait and see’ approach has however been recommended by some doctors for low grade NHL. At first the idea sounds a little crazy. Instead of jumping into treatment you get your haematologist to monitor your disease over ...
... cancer to spread to other parts of the body and reduce survival prospects. Such a ‘wait and see’ approach has however been recommended by some doctors for low grade NHL. At first the idea sounds a little crazy. Instead of jumping into treatment you get your haematologist to monitor your disease over ...
Modern affinity reagents: Recombinant antibodies and aptamers
... line of antibody-producing cells) antibodies are used in research. Monoclonal antibodies are defined by their capacity to selectively bind a single antigen. 1.2. Historical methods of monoclonal antibody discovery and production Monoclonal antibodies are generated using either animal or recombinant D ...
... line of antibody-producing cells) antibodies are used in research. Monoclonal antibodies are defined by their capacity to selectively bind a single antigen. 1.2. Historical methods of monoclonal antibody discovery and production Monoclonal antibodies are generated using either animal or recombinant D ...
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune
... IEC-intrinsic recognition of commensal microbial signals29. Interactions between AMPs, including REGIIIγ, and mucins lead to concentrated antimicrobial activity at the epithelial surface30. Thus, the combined functions of secretory IECs seem to limit the quantity and diversity of live bacteria that ...
... IEC-intrinsic recognition of commensal microbial signals29. Interactions between AMPs, including REGIIIγ, and mucins lead to concentrated antimicrobial activity at the epithelial surface30. Thus, the combined functions of secretory IECs seem to limit the quantity and diversity of live bacteria that ...
Is Fever Beneficial to the Host: A Clinical Perspective
... FEVER AND IMMUNITY The association of fever with the immune response through their shared endogenous mediator, IL-1, led to the question of how these two effects of IL-1, a brain-mediated elevation in temperature and augmentation of lymphocyte activation, might be related. To test if the pyrogenic a ...
... FEVER AND IMMUNITY The association of fever with the immune response through their shared endogenous mediator, IL-1, led to the question of how these two effects of IL-1, a brain-mediated elevation in temperature and augmentation of lymphocyte activation, might be related. To test if the pyrogenic a ...
nrmicro-09-068v1 - HAL
... 15 also gives rise to two other main DC subsets in the blood: myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid 16 DCs (pDCs). DCs are equipped with a set of varied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such 17 as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), through which they sense and process viral information and 18 become activat ...
... 15 also gives rise to two other main DC subsets in the blood: myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid 16 DCs (pDCs). DCs are equipped with a set of varied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such 17 as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), through which they sense and process viral information and 18 become activat ...
Amino Acid Transport Systems in Animal Cells
... from System A leave no doubt of the independence of the 2: System ASC is less sensitive to H+ and will not accept Li+ as a substitute for Na+. The receptor site of System ASC binds the alkali ion at a closely specified point in juxtaposition t o the hydroxyl group of ordinary (trans) 4-hydroxyprolin ...
... from System A leave no doubt of the independence of the 2: System ASC is less sensitive to H+ and will not accept Li+ as a substitute for Na+. The receptor site of System ASC binds the alkali ion at a closely specified point in juxtaposition t o the hydroxyl group of ordinary (trans) 4-hydroxyprolin ...
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
... haemorrhage (loss of erythrocytes) and dyshaemopoiesis (ineffective erythrocyte production) (Jain 1993; Anon. 2009a). It is not unexpected that haemoparasitic infections can cause anaemia, since their life cycles are closely linked to the circulatory system of their hosts. Apart from their effect on ...
... haemorrhage (loss of erythrocytes) and dyshaemopoiesis (ineffective erythrocyte production) (Jain 1993; Anon. 2009a). It is not unexpected that haemoparasitic infections can cause anaemia, since their life cycles are closely linked to the circulatory system of their hosts. Apart from their effect on ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.