ppt - Southgate Schools
... • Mendel didn’t stop with crossing the parent plants. • He thought: Where did the recessive alleles go? • He allowed all 7 kinds of plants to self pollinate. – Called these the F2 ...
... • Mendel didn’t stop with crossing the parent plants. • He thought: Where did the recessive alleles go? • He allowed all 7 kinds of plants to self pollinate. – Called these the F2 ...
Immunity & Abnormal Responses
... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...
... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...
Transplant Physiology of Sep 16 2009 by Dr. A. Gangji
... • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is synonymous with the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) • In humans, it’s called HLA due to expression of gene products on surface of WBC • These terms describe a group of genes on chromosome 6 that encode a variety of cell surface markers, antigen ...
... • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is synonymous with the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) • In humans, it’s called HLA due to expression of gene products on surface of WBC • These terms describe a group of genes on chromosome 6 that encode a variety of cell surface markers, antigen ...
Genetics Guided Notes: ANSWER KEY Name
... Which hand you use is determined by a gene in your DNA that tells your body what to do. The DNA that you have in your body was passed to you from your parents – heredity – so your parents determined for you (without knowing it) which hand you would use. ...
... Which hand you use is determined by a gene in your DNA that tells your body what to do. The DNA that you have in your body was passed to you from your parents – heredity – so your parents determined for you (without knowing it) which hand you would use. ...
Document
... In the diagram, OVA peptides in MHC are colored red, other peptides are colored blue. The results are shown in the right-hand column. (Figure is adapted from Goldsby, et al. 2003. Immunology. 5 th ed. Figure 8.3) A. Why are peptides present in the MHC proteins even before exposure to OVA? ...
... In the diagram, OVA peptides in MHC are colored red, other peptides are colored blue. The results are shown in the right-hand column. (Figure is adapted from Goldsby, et al. 2003. Immunology. 5 th ed. Figure 8.3) A. Why are peptides present in the MHC proteins even before exposure to OVA? ...
Biochemistry of the immune system
... HLA/protein complex to cytotoxic T cells; cells containing foreign proteins will be attacked by the immune system; healthy cells will be ignored class II - membrane-bound glycoproteins are restricted to cells of the immune - macrophages and lymphocytes • proteins from the pathogen are digested into ...
... HLA/protein complex to cytotoxic T cells; cells containing foreign proteins will be attacked by the immune system; healthy cells will be ignored class II - membrane-bound glycoproteins are restricted to cells of the immune - macrophages and lymphocytes • proteins from the pathogen are digested into ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
90459 Genetic Variation answers-07
... chromosomes line up, the arrangement is random, so the two chromosomes are randomly distributed. This leads to different combinations of chromosomes in daughter cells. Segregation: the separation of chromatids produces gametes with different allele combinations / gametes all being different. ...
... chromosomes line up, the arrangement is random, so the two chromosomes are randomly distributed. This leads to different combinations of chromosomes in daughter cells. Segregation: the separation of chromatids produces gametes with different allele combinations / gametes all being different. ...
Tcells
... o Class II MHC proteins present exogenous (endocytic) peptides to T cells o Class III includes a variety of other molecules (TNFα and β, complement components, heat shock proteins, steroid 21-hydroxylases) MHC Class I and II proteins are polygenic o in humans, the 3 class I genes are called HLA A, ...
... o Class II MHC proteins present exogenous (endocytic) peptides to T cells o Class III includes a variety of other molecules (TNFα and β, complement components, heat shock proteins, steroid 21-hydroxylases) MHC Class I and II proteins are polygenic o in humans, the 3 class I genes are called HLA A, ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
... • If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
... If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore always be ...
... If a recessive allele exists on the X chromosome. It will not have a corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, and will therefore always be ...
Incomplete Dominance
... Incomplete Dominance • In the case of incomplete dominance, two alleles are neither dominant or recessive • They blend to produce a new phenotype. ...
... Incomplete Dominance • In the case of incomplete dominance, two alleles are neither dominant or recessive • They blend to produce a new phenotype. ...
19-20_Hypersensitivity-autoimmune
... • Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody ...
... • Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody ...
File
... Each ________can ____to a _______ trait. _____ can come ____ either ________ because each ________ of _______ is _____________ when _________ form during __________. ______ one of the _____ is _______ on to _________. ...
... Each ________can ____to a _______ trait. _____ can come ____ either ________ because each ________ of _______ is _____________ when _________ form during __________. ______ one of the _____ is _______ on to _________. ...
8.4 – Co-dominance & Multiple Alleles
... One allele codes for an enzyme that forms a red pigment in flowers. The other allele codes for an enzyme that lacks the ability to form a pigment, and therefore produces white flowers. ...
... One allele codes for an enzyme that forms a red pigment in flowers. The other allele codes for an enzyme that lacks the ability to form a pigment, and therefore produces white flowers. ...
genetics
... pairs are separated from each other during gamete formation (meiosis) and recombined at fertilization ...
... pairs are separated from each other during gamete formation (meiosis) and recombined at fertilization ...
Genetics Reference Sheet
... Dominant trait- An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele (the big guy always wins) Recessive trait- allele that does not express a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele. Expresses only when 2 recessive alleles present. (little ...
... Dominant trait- An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele (the big guy always wins) Recessive trait- allele that does not express a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele. Expresses only when 2 recessive alleles present. (little ...
Document
... • 2% meiotic recombination rate generates population diversity •Crossover: Haplotypes, normally, are inherited intact and hence antigens encoded by different loci are inherited together (e.g., A2; B27; Cw2; DPw6; DQw9; DRw2). However, on occasions, there is crossing over between two parental chromos ...
... • 2% meiotic recombination rate generates population diversity •Crossover: Haplotypes, normally, are inherited intact and hence antigens encoded by different loci are inherited together (e.g., A2; B27; Cw2; DPw6; DQw9; DRw2). However, on occasions, there is crossing over between two parental chromos ...
GeneticVariation03
... Genetic Variation: The Source of Evolutionary Diversity The evolution of diverse species within and among the vertebrate classes is due, originally, to genetic variation. What are the sources of genetic variation? I. Mutation in DNA. II. Sexual reproduction (meiosis and recombination of alleles as ...
... Genetic Variation: The Source of Evolutionary Diversity The evolution of diverse species within and among the vertebrate classes is due, originally, to genetic variation. What are the sources of genetic variation? I. Mutation in DNA. II. Sexual reproduction (meiosis and recombination of alleles as ...
Supplementary Methods
... 1; positive status for HLA-A2, -A3, -A11, -A24, -A26, -A31, or -A33; life expectancy of at least 12 weeks; adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function (white blood cells >2,500/µl, lymphocytes >1,000/µl, platelets >80,000/µl, serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl, and total bilirubin <2.5 mg/dl). Exclus ...
... 1; positive status for HLA-A2, -A3, -A11, -A24, -A26, -A31, or -A33; life expectancy of at least 12 weeks; adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function (white blood cells >2,500/µl, lymphocytes >1,000/µl, platelets >80,000/µl, serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl, and total bilirubin <2.5 mg/dl). Exclus ...
11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics
... A Summary of Mendel's Principles Genes are passed from parents to their offspring. If there are two or more alleles for a gene, some of the alleles may be dominant and others may be recessive. In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene. These genes are segreg ...
... A Summary of Mendel's Principles Genes are passed from parents to their offspring. If there are two or more alleles for a gene, some of the alleles may be dominant and others may be recessive. In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene. These genes are segreg ...
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the locus of genes that encode for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 (exception: the gene for β2-microglobulin which is located on chromosome 15), and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and has many other functions. The HLA genes are the human versions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that are found in most vertebrates (and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes). The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLAs are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions:HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length. Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers. Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people's perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community.Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.