1. Mendelian Genetics
... separate (segregate), and end up in different gametes • An egg or sperm gets only one of the two alleles that are present in the somatic cell of the organism making the gamete • The outcome will depend on the types of reproduction between meiosis and mitosis ...
... separate (segregate), and end up in different gametes • An egg or sperm gets only one of the two alleles that are present in the somatic cell of the organism making the gamete • The outcome will depend on the types of reproduction between meiosis and mitosis ...
Mendelian Genetics
... This occurs when there is an additive effect from two or more genes. Pigmentation in humans is controlled by at least three (3) separately inherited genes. ...
... This occurs when there is an additive effect from two or more genes. Pigmentation in humans is controlled by at least three (3) separately inherited genes. ...
1. Basic Components of the Immune System - Assets
... important role in allergic reactions and expelling intestinal parasites, which is accomplished by increasing vascular permeability and inducing chemotactive factors following mast cell degranulation. Given this extraordinary ability to generate large numbers of antibody molecules, how does the immun ...
... important role in allergic reactions and expelling intestinal parasites, which is accomplished by increasing vascular permeability and inducing chemotactive factors following mast cell degranulation. Given this extraordinary ability to generate large numbers of antibody molecules, how does the immun ...
Nomenclature for factors of the Dog Major
... have considered the use of dendograms to aid such a naming system for major types, but found that this tended to base the assignment of major types on the first HVR only. Since we wanted a system based on all three HVR, this was not acceptable to the committee. Fifthly, a precedent for such a system ...
... have considered the use of dendograms to aid such a naming system for major types, but found that this tended to base the assignment of major types on the first HVR only. Since we wanted a system based on all three HVR, this was not acceptable to the committee. Fifthly, a precedent for such a system ...
BIOL 502 Population Genetics Spring 2017
... • Selected alleles can be affected by drift only if they are under weak selection (unless they are very rare). • Recall - only about 2% of all of our genome encodes for proteins (exome). • Changes outside exons may be entirely neutral if they don’t affect any regulatory sites. • Examples of neutral ...
... • Selected alleles can be affected by drift only if they are under weak selection (unless they are very rare). • Recall - only about 2% of all of our genome encodes for proteins (exome). • Changes outside exons may be entirely neutral if they don’t affect any regulatory sites. • Examples of neutral ...
Inheritance and monhybrid
... Key terms: monohybrid, heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive ...
... Key terms: monohybrid, heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive ...
Inheritance questions
... 6 In shorthorn cattle, the coat colours red or white are controlled by a single pair of alleles. A calf which receives the allele for red coat from its mother and the allele for white coat from its father is called a 'roan'. It has an equal number of red and white hairs in its coat. (a) Is this an e ...
... 6 In shorthorn cattle, the coat colours red or white are controlled by a single pair of alleles. A calf which receives the allele for red coat from its mother and the allele for white coat from its father is called a 'roan'. It has an equal number of red and white hairs in its coat. (a) Is this an e ...
Lab.Hardy-Weinberg Simulation
... 3. There are 100 students in a class. Ninety-six did well in the course whereas four blew it totally and received a grade of F. Sorry. In the highly unlikely event that these traits are genetic rather than environmental, if these traits involve dominant and recessive alleles, and if the four (4%) re ...
... 3. There are 100 students in a class. Ninety-six did well in the course whereas four blew it totally and received a grade of F. Sorry. In the highly unlikely event that these traits are genetic rather than environmental, if these traits involve dominant and recessive alleles, and if the four (4%) re ...
Biology Study Guide: Unit 7 Genetics I Benchmark (ch: 11/14)
... Genes that have more than two alleles are multiple alleles. Blood type is an example of multiple genes. Polygenic traits are traits controlled by two or more genes. Human skin color is a trait controlled by polygenic traits. 19. Why does polygenic inheritance result in a wide range of phenotypes? (2 ...
... Genes that have more than two alleles are multiple alleles. Blood type is an example of multiple genes. Polygenic traits are traits controlled by two or more genes. Human skin color is a trait controlled by polygenic traits. 19. Why does polygenic inheritance result in a wide range of phenotypes? (2 ...
Lesson Objectives
... 5. Multiple alleles - Mendel looked at traits that had 2 alleles, but most genes have more than 2 alleles a. blood type in humans- 4 phenotypes = A, B, AB, O b. refer to 2 carbohydrates on surface of rbcs c. I = enzyme that attaches the carbo to the cells d. 6 genotypes and 4 phenotypes are possible ...
... 5. Multiple alleles - Mendel looked at traits that had 2 alleles, but most genes have more than 2 alleles a. blood type in humans- 4 phenotypes = A, B, AB, O b. refer to 2 carbohydrates on surface of rbcs c. I = enzyme that attaches the carbo to the cells d. 6 genotypes and 4 phenotypes are possible ...
ANTH 2301 Midterm Review Sheet Spring 2016
... 1) Imagine there is a locus with two alleles, H and h, where H is dominant and is the “hairy nose” allele. If a man with genotype HH mates with a woman with genotype hh, the proportion of offspring expected to have the “hairy nose” phenotype is… 2) The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O). If ...
... 1) Imagine there is a locus with two alleles, H and h, where H is dominant and is the “hairy nose” allele. If a man with genotype HH mates with a woman with genotype hh, the proportion of offspring expected to have the “hairy nose” phenotype is… 2) The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O). If ...
Microbiology: Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) pg. 1 Marc
... this was a foreign lysozyme, our T cells could recognize certain peptide sequences, but only after they are bound to MHC. Slide 7: A T cell receptor (here it is called TCR 2) is shown recognizing an antigenic peptide complexed on a MHC molecule of an antigen presenting cell. Slide 8: T cells require ...
... this was a foreign lysozyme, our T cells could recognize certain peptide sequences, but only after they are bound to MHC. Slide 7: A T cell receptor (here it is called TCR 2) is shown recognizing an antigenic peptide complexed on a MHC molecule of an antigen presenting cell. Slide 8: T cells require ...
Name: Date: ______ Mendel`s Work Gregor Mendel was curious
... Pea plants are useful for studying heredity because they have many traits that exist in only two forms. They also produce large numbers of offspring, making it easy to collect large amounts of data. Their flower structure makes it easy to set up crosses between specific plants. Mendel crossed two pe ...
... Pea plants are useful for studying heredity because they have many traits that exist in only two forms. They also produce large numbers of offspring, making it easy to collect large amounts of data. Their flower structure makes it easy to set up crosses between specific plants. Mendel crossed two pe ...
(Microsoft PowerPoint - BehavGenTopic02MendelianLaws.ppt
... the basic units of heredity. Laws based on observation. ...
... the basic units of heredity. Laws based on observation. ...
Divergent and convergent evolution after a common
... then R at position 1397 would be expected in about half of all B*08-negative HCV-infected persons; however, 82 of 83 subtype 1b reference sequences have K at position 1397. It is highly unlikely that HLA B*08 was present in more than half of the persons from whom the reference sequences were obtaine ...
... then R at position 1397 would be expected in about half of all B*08-negative HCV-infected persons; however, 82 of 83 subtype 1b reference sequences have K at position 1397. It is highly unlikely that HLA B*08 was present in more than half of the persons from whom the reference sequences were obtaine ...
S6. Genetic Linkage-Post-Test and Answers
... assortment? What would you expect to see for linkage? (2 marks) 1 mark for ind. assortment prediction of 1:2:1. 1 mark for linkage prediction. 1 high:2 heterozygous (both bands): 1 low for independent assortment. (1) More B bands (variety carrying lz mutation) when linked. Few M bands, fewer hets. ( ...
... assortment? What would you expect to see for linkage? (2 marks) 1 mark for ind. assortment prediction of 1:2:1. 1 mark for linkage prediction. 1 high:2 heterozygous (both bands): 1 low for independent assortment. (1) More B bands (variety carrying lz mutation) when linked. Few M bands, fewer hets. ( ...
Heredity Review Sheet - Old Saybrook Public Schools
... is most compatible with andand ABcontinue it until Goal oriented andOstrong minded, type B's will startO, a task completed, and completed well. Type B's are the individualists of the blood group categories and find their own way in life. Type AB: Type AB's are the split personalities of the bl ...
... is most compatible with andand ABcontinue it until Goal oriented andOstrong minded, type B's will startO, a task completed, and completed well. Type B's are the individualists of the blood group categories and find their own way in life. Type AB: Type AB's are the split personalities of the bl ...
11 Molecular Diagnostics
... is located (1-22, X or Y). S refers to a unique segment, followed by a number registered in the International Genome Database (GDB). ...
... is located (1-22, X or Y). S refers to a unique segment, followed by a number registered in the International Genome Database (GDB). ...
0-AB system of antigens
... There are six common types of Rh antigens, each of which is called an Rh factor. These types are designated C, D, E, c, d, and e. A person who has a C antigen will not have the c antigen (+ the other way around-for each antigen). Also because of the manner of inheritance of these factors, each perso ...
... There are six common types of Rh antigens, each of which is called an Rh factor. These types are designated C, D, E, c, d, and e. A person who has a C antigen will not have the c antigen (+ the other way around-for each antigen). Also because of the manner of inheritance of these factors, each perso ...
Student Activity PDF - TI Education
... An allele is a different form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome, a DNA molecule. Alleles determine traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. In many cases, a trait is determined by one pair of alleles—one allele from each parent. If an offspring inherits ...
... An allele is a different form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome, a DNA molecule. Alleles determine traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. In many cases, a trait is determined by one pair of alleles—one allele from each parent. If an offspring inherits ...
Summary of lesson
... An allele is a different form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome, a DNA molecule. Alleles determine traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. In many cases, a trait is determined by one pair of alleles—one allele from each parent. If an offspring inherits ...
... An allele is a different form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome, a DNA molecule. Alleles determine traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. In many cases, a trait is determined by one pair of alleles—one allele from each parent. If an offspring inherits ...
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the locus of genes that encode for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 (exception: the gene for β2-microglobulin which is located on chromosome 15), and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and has many other functions. The HLA genes are the human versions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that are found in most vertebrates (and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes). The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLAs are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions:HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length. Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers. Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people's perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community.Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.