GENETICS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HUMAN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
... Blood groups, both common and rare, have been associated with infectious disease. Blood group O (of the ABO system) is found at a higher frequency in severe cases of cholera than in the general population19. Although initial suggestions that this was related to the secretion of blood-group antigens ...
... Blood groups, both common and rare, have been associated with infectious disease. Blood group O (of the ABO system) is found at a higher frequency in severe cases of cholera than in the general population19. Although initial suggestions that this was related to the secretion of blood-group antigens ...
Slide 1
... RATE OF TRANSPLANTATE REJECTION DEPENDS ON: - Genetic difference between donor and recipient - Type of tissue - Activity of recipient immune system ...
... RATE OF TRANSPLANTATE REJECTION DEPENDS ON: - Genetic difference between donor and recipient - Type of tissue - Activity of recipient immune system ...
Understanding mismarks
... these “rare dogs” to charge a higher price. Black and Tan Markings Early breeding records indicate that a Labrador puppy with tan points on the ears, muzzle, and above the eyes would occasionally be whelped to pure-bred Labrador parents. Breeders attributed this to previous interbreeding of Labrador ...
... these “rare dogs” to charge a higher price. Black and Tan Markings Early breeding records indicate that a Labrador puppy with tan points on the ears, muzzle, and above the eyes would occasionally be whelped to pure-bred Labrador parents. Breeders attributed this to previous interbreeding of Labrador ...
Lab Polygenic Traits 2011-2012
... Man's Alleles: __ __ __ + Woman's Alleles: __ __ __ = Baby's Alleles: __ __ __ __ __ __ 7) If height was controlled by a single gene, then the resulting phenotypes would be discrete (tall and short or perhaps tall, medium and short) and easily distinguished. A polygenic trait is one that is controll ...
... Man's Alleles: __ __ __ + Woman's Alleles: __ __ __ = Baby's Alleles: __ __ __ __ __ __ 7) If height was controlled by a single gene, then the resulting phenotypes would be discrete (tall and short or perhaps tall, medium and short) and easily distinguished. A polygenic trait is one that is controll ...
Chapter 15 - UBC Physics
... antibodies. These may be separable using the respective monoclonal antibodies from the A anti-B immunization. If so, the prediction is that the anti-anti-MHC class IB and anti-anti-MHC class IIB antibodies can then be shown to be antiidiotypic to each other. Alternatively, a population of anti-anti- ...
... antibodies. These may be separable using the respective monoclonal antibodies from the A anti-B immunization. If so, the prediction is that the anti-anti-MHC class IB and anti-anti-MHC class IIB antibodies can then be shown to be antiidiotypic to each other. Alternatively, a population of anti-anti- ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e
... Patients awaiting organ transplants are screened for the presence of preformed antibodies reactive with allogeneic HLA molecules. These can arise because of previous pregnancies, transfusion, or transplantation & can mediate hyperacute graft rejection if they exist. ...
... Patients awaiting organ transplants are screened for the presence of preformed antibodies reactive with allogeneic HLA molecules. These can arise because of previous pregnancies, transfusion, or transplantation & can mediate hyperacute graft rejection if they exist. ...
Transplantation - Shandong University
... transplantation in the treatment of human disease – In 1954, the first successful human kidney transplant was performed between twins in Boston. – Transplants were possible in unrelated people if drugs were taken to suppress the body's immune reaction Immunologyof transplantation Great events in his ...
... transplantation in the treatment of human disease – In 1954, the first successful human kidney transplant was performed between twins in Boston. – Transplants were possible in unrelated people if drugs were taken to suppress the body's immune reaction Immunologyof transplantation Great events in his ...
Lab 7: Mutation, Selection and Drift
... been favored in Europe, but not in Africa and East Asia. Let us assume that melanoma (skin cancer, which is more likely to develop in people with light skin color) reverses the direction of selection and the blue eye/light skin allele now becomes selected against with s = 0.12. Calculate the equilib ...
... been favored in Europe, but not in Africa and East Asia. Let us assume that melanoma (skin cancer, which is more likely to develop in people with light skin color) reverses the direction of selection and the blue eye/light skin allele now becomes selected against with s = 0.12. Calculate the equilib ...
Patterns of Inheritance
... gene may differ in different members of a species, or even on the two homologues of a single individual. These different versions of a gene at a given locus are called alleles. • The relationships among genes, alleles, and chromosomes can be seen in the next slide. ...
... gene may differ in different members of a species, or even on the two homologues of a single individual. These different versions of a gene at a given locus are called alleles. • The relationships among genes, alleles, and chromosomes can be seen in the next slide. ...
Allelic Frequency
... Heterozygous (AS) individuals carry the mutant allele but do not suffer from its debilitating effects. They have both normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells. In the United Sates, about 1 in 500 African- Americans develops sickle-cell anemia. But in Africa, about 1 in 100 individuals develops the d ...
... Heterozygous (AS) individuals carry the mutant allele but do not suffer from its debilitating effects. They have both normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells. In the United Sates, about 1 in 500 African- Americans develops sickle-cell anemia. But in Africa, about 1 in 100 individuals develops the d ...
ANTH 131: Evolutionary Forces
... 2. Without looking, randomly pull out pairs of beans until the can is empty. Place each pair separately on the table. These represent the genotypes of the 50 individuals you are studying (50 individuals = 100 alleles) 3. Record the number of each type of bean pair in the generation 1 row, and record ...
... 2. Without looking, randomly pull out pairs of beans until the can is empty. Place each pair separately on the table. These represent the genotypes of the 50 individuals you are studying (50 individuals = 100 alleles) 3. Record the number of each type of bean pair in the generation 1 row, and record ...
Chapter 4 Section : Patterns of Heredity
... the parents’ alleles might combine in offspring. Each parent has two alleles for a particular gene An offspring will receive one allele from each parent. A Punnett square shows how the parents alleles may be passed to potential offspring. ...
... the parents’ alleles might combine in offspring. Each parent has two alleles for a particular gene An offspring will receive one allele from each parent. A Punnett square shows how the parents alleles may be passed to potential offspring. ...
Theories of Autoimmunity
... - hormones circulate throughout the body and alter immune response by influencing gene expression - (in general) estrogen can trigger autoimmunity and testosterone can protect against it • Difference in immune response - ♀ produce a higher titer of antibodies and mount more vigorous immune responses ...
... - hormones circulate throughout the body and alter immune response by influencing gene expression - (in general) estrogen can trigger autoimmunity and testosterone can protect against it • Difference in immune response - ♀ produce a higher titer of antibodies and mount more vigorous immune responses ...
Functions of T lymphocytes
... • MHC molecules display foreign and self peptides from the extracellular and intracellular environment – T cells survey the body for foreign (microbial) peptides • Different classes of MHC molecules present cytosolic (endogenous) and vesicular (ingested) peptides – Helper T cells and CTLs respond to ...
... • MHC molecules display foreign and self peptides from the extracellular and intracellular environment – T cells survey the body for foreign (microbial) peptides • Different classes of MHC molecules present cytosolic (endogenous) and vesicular (ingested) peptides – Helper T cells and CTLs respond to ...
10. In wheat kernel color is determined by a pair of genes in a
... normal, wild-type, honey colored body. In heterozygotes for the two alleles, a dark marking called a trident can be seen on the thorax of the body but otherwise the body is honey-colored. a. What kind of inheritance would produce this trident marking? b. When female e+e flies are crossed to male e+e ...
... normal, wild-type, honey colored body. In heterozygotes for the two alleles, a dark marking called a trident can be seen on the thorax of the body but otherwise the body is honey-colored. a. What kind of inheritance would produce this trident marking? b. When female e+e flies are crossed to male e+e ...
Harry Potter Genetics
... Filch is a ‘squib’ He is a wizard that cannot do magic. Both his parents are mm so he should be too. He can’t get an M allele from either parent, but yet he can’t do any magic. This means he has a mutation in his genes so his wizarding powers don’t work. Or it could be, the man he thinks is his fat ...
... Filch is a ‘squib’ He is a wizard that cannot do magic. Both his parents are mm so he should be too. He can’t get an M allele from either parent, but yet he can’t do any magic. This means he has a mutation in his genes so his wizarding powers don’t work. Or it could be, the man he thinks is his fat ...
Summary of topics Timeline of Mendelian genetics
... BO), AB (genotype AB), and O (genotype OO) (Table 14.2 (7th) (Fig. 14.10 6th)). Some genes of the HLA (human leukocyte antigen system) which is involved in the immune response have over 200 alleles. Organ transplants have a much higher success rate when donor and recipient are matched for their HLA ...
... BO), AB (genotype AB), and O (genotype OO) (Table 14.2 (7th) (Fig. 14.10 6th)). Some genes of the HLA (human leukocyte antigen system) which is involved in the immune response have over 200 alleles. Organ transplants have a much higher success rate when donor and recipient are matched for their HLA ...
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Center for Statistical Genetics
... PHWE = ∑ I P ( N AB = n AB | N , na ) ≥ P ( N AB = n*AB | N , na ) P ( N AB = n*AB | N , na ) n *AB ...
... PHWE = ∑ I P ( N AB = n AB | N , na ) ≥ P ( N AB = n*AB | N , na ) P ( N AB = n*AB | N , na ) n *AB ...
Antigen Presenting Cells
... c. High FcR, low MHC II and costimulatory molecules d. Express CD4, chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR4: receptors for HIV 2. mature dendritic cells a. secondary lymphoid tissue b. Function: Ag presentation and cytokine secretion (IL-12) c. High MCHII and costimulatory molecules 3. present antigen and ...
... c. High FcR, low MHC II and costimulatory molecules d. Express CD4, chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR4: receptors for HIV 2. mature dendritic cells a. secondary lymphoid tissue b. Function: Ag presentation and cytokine secretion (IL-12) c. High MCHII and costimulatory molecules 3. present antigen and ...
Learning Objectives
... 10. Distinguish between antigens and antibodies; self and non-self. 11. Distinguish between antigen and epitope. 12. Explain how B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes recognize specific antigens 13. Explain how the particular structure of a lymphocyte’s antigen binding site forms during development. Expla ...
... 10. Distinguish between antigens and antibodies; self and non-self. 11. Distinguish between antigen and epitope. 12. Explain how B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes recognize specific antigens 13. Explain how the particular structure of a lymphocyte’s antigen binding site forms during development. Expla ...
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the locus of genes that encode for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 (exception: the gene for β2-microglobulin which is located on chromosome 15), and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and has many other functions. The HLA genes are the human versions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that are found in most vertebrates (and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes). The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLAs are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions:HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length. Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers. Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people's perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community.Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.