Inflammation 5
... Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells • Lymphocytes and macrophages interact in a bidirectional way, and these interactions play an important role in chronic inflammation • Activated T lymphocytes produce cytokines, including IFN-γ, a powerful activator of macrophages, ...
... Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells • Lymphocytes and macrophages interact in a bidirectional way, and these interactions play an important role in chronic inflammation • Activated T lymphocytes produce cytokines, including IFN-γ, a powerful activator of macrophages, ...
immune system - Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence
... Biological immune systems • Living organism must protect themselves from the attempt of other organisms to exploit their resources • Some would-be exploiter (pathogen) is much smaller than its target (the host) – The organs that the host uses to interact with the environment are poorly suited to th ...
... Biological immune systems • Living organism must protect themselves from the attempt of other organisms to exploit their resources • Some would-be exploiter (pathogen) is much smaller than its target (the host) – The organs that the host uses to interact with the environment are poorly suited to th ...
The Biology of Aging: An Overview
... – Antioxidants may help reduce the incidence of ARMD Butler, RN et al. J. Gerontol. 57A: B333-8 (2002). ...
... – Antioxidants may help reduce the incidence of ARMD Butler, RN et al. J. Gerontol. 57A: B333-8 (2002). ...
Evasion of COPD in smokers: at what price? PERSPECTIVE Manuel G. Cosio*
... available cannot control the innate inflammatory response, or succeed in only partial control, resulting in a chronic inflammation that will vary in severity. As a consequence, constant but variable degrees of tissue destruction, production of antigens and degrees of stimulation of DCs with variable ...
... available cannot control the innate inflammatory response, or succeed in only partial control, resulting in a chronic inflammation that will vary in severity. As a consequence, constant but variable degrees of tissue destruction, production of antigens and degrees of stimulation of DCs with variable ...
Staphylococcus aureus infection induces protein A–mediated
... and surface-bound virulence factor that is present on most clinical isolates and has been shown to disrupt the humoral immune response in mice (Falugi et al., 2013). SpA contains four or five immunoglobulin-binding domains capable of binding both the Fc of IgG antibodies (preventing opsonophagocytos ...
... and surface-bound virulence factor that is present on most clinical isolates and has been shown to disrupt the humoral immune response in mice (Falugi et al., 2013). SpA contains four or five immunoglobulin-binding domains capable of binding both the Fc of IgG antibodies (preventing opsonophagocytos ...
The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double
... diffuses from the blood into the innermost layer of the artery, where LDL particles can associate with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. The LDL of this extracellular pool is modified by enzymes and oxygen radicals to form molecules such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Biologically active lipids a ...
... diffuses from the blood into the innermost layer of the artery, where LDL particles can associate with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. The LDL of this extracellular pool is modified by enzymes and oxygen radicals to form molecules such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Biologically active lipids a ...
T Cell Co-inhibitory Receptors-Functions and Signalling Mechanisms
... formation, enhanced adhesion and gene transcription. These modules are mediated by a number of signalling proteins through inducible phosphorylation, enzyme activation and protein-protein & protein-lipid interactions. This complex and dynamic interplay of signalling events governs the decisions the ...
... formation, enhanced adhesion and gene transcription. These modules are mediated by a number of signalling proteins through inducible phosphorylation, enzyme activation and protein-protein & protein-lipid interactions. This complex and dynamic interplay of signalling events governs the decisions the ...
Therapy-Induced Encephalopathy
... for up to 24 hours after IT administration IT liposomal (sustained release) may maintain cytotoxic concentrations of the drug in the CSF for up to 14 days CSF exposure up to 40x that of standard Ara-C Onset: As early as 2-5 days after treatment13 ...
... for up to 24 hours after IT administration IT liposomal (sustained release) may maintain cytotoxic concentrations of the drug in the CSF for up to 14 days CSF exposure up to 40x that of standard Ara-C Onset: As early as 2-5 days after treatment13 ...
batista saliva unleashed
... to curtail mast cell-dependent IgE-mediated labeled peptide-Major Histocompatibility prevent conversion of labile Treg precursors to mediate T-cell suppression through the anaphylaxis in vivo. Complex I multimers into pathogenic cells Siglec-10 receptor ...
... to curtail mast cell-dependent IgE-mediated labeled peptide-Major Histocompatibility prevent conversion of labile Treg precursors to mediate T-cell suppression through the anaphylaxis in vivo. Complex I multimers into pathogenic cells Siglec-10 receptor ...
B Cell–Specific MHC Class II Deletion Reveals Multiple
... Fig. 2B) and were thus able to engage T cell help at some point during their evolution. Expression of MHCII is critical for B cell differentiation Although there was clearly strong selection for cells that escaped deletion of MHCII during the progression of B cell activation, in the CD19-Cre mice th ...
... Fig. 2B) and were thus able to engage T cell help at some point during their evolution. Expression of MHCII is critical for B cell differentiation Although there was clearly strong selection for cells that escaped deletion of MHCII during the progression of B cell activation, in the CD19-Cre mice th ...
PDF - WellSpringofHealth.com
... membrane, mitogenic lectins exhibit a phenomenon of "positive cooperativity" (12). In this scenario the first few lectins binding to the cell membrane rearrange it in such a way that further lectin binding is enhanced (12, 29). As the lectin content of the cell surface increases, the ability of the ...
... membrane, mitogenic lectins exhibit a phenomenon of "positive cooperativity" (12). In this scenario the first few lectins binding to the cell membrane rearrange it in such a way that further lectin binding is enhanced (12, 29). As the lectin content of the cell surface increases, the ability of the ...
Systemic features of immune recognition in the gut
... PRRs can become activated by motifs common to pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. There are at least 11 kinds of TLRs and all of them can become activated by motifs common to pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. For example, the TLR2 ligand, lipoprotein, TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ...
... PRRs can become activated by motifs common to pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. There are at least 11 kinds of TLRs and all of them can become activated by motifs common to pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. For example, the TLR2 ligand, lipoprotein, TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ...
The evolution within us - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... one would find given a uniform distribution on all of the formational probabilistic events, which is called bias in the literature ([39], reviewed in [44]). For example, individual heavy chain variable genes range in usage frequency from 0.1% to 10% of rearrangements in a repertoire [39,85]. The usa ...
... one would find given a uniform distribution on all of the formational probabilistic events, which is called bias in the literature ([39], reviewed in [44]). For example, individual heavy chain variable genes range in usage frequency from 0.1% to 10% of rearrangements in a repertoire [39,85]. The usa ...
Beta 1-adrenergic receptor-directed autoimmunity as a cause of
... these cysteines – most notably those in β2-ECII(Cys184, Cys190/191), or Cys106 situated at the top of TM III – results in a significant reduction of agonist as well as antagonist affinities [26–28]. Subsequent in vitro experiments have confirmed that the extracellular disulfide bridges between conse ...
... these cysteines – most notably those in β2-ECII(Cys184, Cys190/191), or Cys106 situated at the top of TM III – results in a significant reduction of agonist as well as antagonist affinities [26–28]. Subsequent in vitro experiments have confirmed that the extracellular disulfide bridges between conse ...
Postprint
... Azar (Pitta et al., 2009). Overall, these first results demonstrated that in addition to Th1/Th2 cells and Treg, also Th17 cells are relevant for protection against this important human pathogen. Among the cytokines produced by Th17 cells, IL-22 is most prominent. Receptors to IL-22 are specifically ...
... Azar (Pitta et al., 2009). Overall, these first results demonstrated that in addition to Th1/Th2 cells and Treg, also Th17 cells are relevant for protection against this important human pathogen. Among the cytokines produced by Th17 cells, IL-22 is most prominent. Receptors to IL-22 are specifically ...
Inhibition of Normal B-Cell Function by Human
... MECHANISM of immunological dysfunction following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been attributed to the progressive destruction of However, even before the decline in CD4+T helper ~e1ls.l.~ CD4' T-helper cell numbers, immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated in asymptomati ...
... MECHANISM of immunological dysfunction following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been attributed to the progressive destruction of However, even before the decline in CD4+T helper ~e1ls.l.~ CD4' T-helper cell numbers, immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated in asymptomati ...
Lower Baseline Germinal Center Activity and Preserved Th1
... We utilized a natural history cohort of HIV-infected participants in a longitudinal study that has prospectively enrolled ~5,000 subjects since 1986 to identify individuals on treatment, with appropriately timed blood draws corresponding to hepatitis B vaccination that included both plasma and PBMC ...
... We utilized a natural history cohort of HIV-infected participants in a longitudinal study that has prospectively enrolled ~5,000 subjects since 1986 to identify individuals on treatment, with appropriately timed blood draws corresponding to hepatitis B vaccination that included both plasma and PBMC ...
Epiligrin, A Component of Epithelial Basement Membranes, Is An
... Spleen cells from immune RBF/Dn mice were fused with NS-1/FOX-NY myeloma cells. Viable heterokaryons which secreted antibodies specific for epiligrin or fibronectin were selected in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with adenine/aminopterin/thymidine(AAT). mAb P1E1 (anti-epiligrin) has been described (C ...
... Spleen cells from immune RBF/Dn mice were fused with NS-1/FOX-NY myeloma cells. Viable heterokaryons which secreted antibodies specific for epiligrin or fibronectin were selected in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with adenine/aminopterin/thymidine(AAT). mAb P1E1 (anti-epiligrin) has been described (C ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - GITAM Institute of Science
... 9. Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla, Amita Aggarwal, Sitanaik and Ramnath Misra. Leishmania donovani modulates multiple immune genes in THP-1derived macrophages: A gene expression profile analysis. Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia Oceania, New Delhi, India, March 1417, 2012. 10. Abujam, Bo ...
... 9. Satyanarayana Swamy Cheekatla, Amita Aggarwal, Sitanaik and Ramnath Misra. Leishmania donovani modulates multiple immune genes in THP-1derived macrophages: A gene expression profile analysis. Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia Oceania, New Delhi, India, March 1417, 2012. 10. Abujam, Bo ...
CD4-Transgenic Zebrafish Reveal Tissue-Resident Th2
... response to neutralize particular pathogens (e.g., helminths or fungi) and that are enriched at certain anatomical sites (2). Another important class of CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), typically characterized by expression of the TF Foxp3 and expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines I ...
... response to neutralize particular pathogens (e.g., helminths or fungi) and that are enriched at certain anatomical sites (2). Another important class of CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), typically characterized by expression of the TF Foxp3 and expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines I ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.