Immunity_Hypersensitivity_Allergy_and_Autoimmune_Diseases
... • Main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins – Cell-mediated immunity • Formation of a population of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material • Main defense against viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria • Mechanism by which body rejects transplanted organs • Means of elimi ...
... • Main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins – Cell-mediated immunity • Formation of a population of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material • Main defense against viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria • Mechanism by which body rejects transplanted organs • Means of elimi ...
Autoimmunity
... Autoimmune disease occurs when an immune response attacks our own tissues. Like all adaptive immune responses, it is focused on specific antigens by T-cell receptors and B cell receptors. In contrast to infection, the antigens that these cells recognise are processed from proteins within the target ...
... Autoimmune disease occurs when an immune response attacks our own tissues. Like all adaptive immune responses, it is focused on specific antigens by T-cell receptors and B cell receptors. In contrast to infection, the antigens that these cells recognise are processed from proteins within the target ...
Document
... Autoimmune disease occurs when an immune response attacks our own tissues. Like all adaptive immune responses, it is focused on specific antigens by T-cell receptors and B cell receptors. In contrast to infection, the antigens that these cells recognise are processed from proteins within the target ...
... Autoimmune disease occurs when an immune response attacks our own tissues. Like all adaptive immune responses, it is focused on specific antigens by T-cell receptors and B cell receptors. In contrast to infection, the antigens that these cells recognise are processed from proteins within the target ...
T cell targeting of latent cytomegalovirus infected cells: can viral
... progenitor cells that it latently infects to provide an immunosuppressive microenvironment to prevent T cell recognition and killing of the latently infected cell (Mason et al, 2012). In addition we have shown that at least two viral proteins known to be expressed during latency (UL138 and LUNA) are ...
... progenitor cells that it latently infects to provide an immunosuppressive microenvironment to prevent T cell recognition and killing of the latently infected cell (Mason et al, 2012). In addition we have shown that at least two viral proteins known to be expressed during latency (UL138 and LUNA) are ...
Immunoregulation How the immune system maintains the delicate
... • 2. The difficulty in demonstrating idiotype connections at cellular level ...
... • 2. The difficulty in demonstrating idiotype connections at cellular level ...
Disorders in Immunity
... Immune system responds to _____ antigens, causing damage to the organs Autoimmunity is ______ of self-tolerance ...
... Immune system responds to _____ antigens, causing damage to the organs Autoimmunity is ______ of self-tolerance ...
Immune/Lympathic
... B-Cells • Plasma cells make antibodies that fight invading cells. They recognize and inactivate them. These cells stay around for days • Memory B-cells remember the invading cells for afterwards. When the same invading cells are seen again later these cells activate the immune response quickly and ...
... B-Cells • Plasma cells make antibodies that fight invading cells. They recognize and inactivate them. These cells stay around for days • Memory B-cells remember the invading cells for afterwards. When the same invading cells are seen again later these cells activate the immune response quickly and ...
11.1 Defence against infectious disease – summary
... vaccine is used (to induce immunity artificially); vaccine contains dead / weakened / attenuated forms of the pathogen / bacterium / virus; vaccine is injected / ingested; booster shot may be needed; immunity due to vaccination / immunisation lasts for life / a long period; immunity to a disease is ...
... vaccine is used (to induce immunity artificially); vaccine contains dead / weakened / attenuated forms of the pathogen / bacterium / virus; vaccine is injected / ingested; booster shot may be needed; immunity due to vaccination / immunisation lasts for life / a long period; immunity to a disease is ...
The Immune System
... The actual cause of this disease is unknown and there is a tendency for such diseases to be inherited. MS (multiple sclerosis) is a condition which affects the myelin covering of nerve fibers. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the bone and tissue of joints in the body ...
... The actual cause of this disease is unknown and there is a tendency for such diseases to be inherited. MS (multiple sclerosis) is a condition which affects the myelin covering of nerve fibers. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the bone and tissue of joints in the body ...
Module 0: Foundations in Medicine Don Smyth & Cindy Ellison
... Pathogens –viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites; include concept of resistance ...
... Pathogens –viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites; include concept of resistance ...
1.0MB
... Mice lacking TLR-4, the receptor for bacterial LPS, are highly susceptible to an allergic response to peanut plus CT ...
... Mice lacking TLR-4, the receptor for bacterial LPS, are highly susceptible to an allergic response to peanut plus CT ...
Introduction to the immune system
... molecules known as antigens via antigen receptors! 2. Diversity! • The body possesses millions of lymphocytes that can recognise and respond to millions of antigens (one each)! 3. Memory! • 1st exposure to an antigen generates lymphocytes & longlived memory cells – next exposure to the same antige ...
... molecules known as antigens via antigen receptors! 2. Diversity! • The body possesses millions of lymphocytes that can recognise and respond to millions of antigens (one each)! 3. Memory! • 1st exposure to an antigen generates lymphocytes & longlived memory cells – next exposure to the same antige ...
document
... She is given several surgical options – decide which category each graft below falls in to: a. A porcine) pig derived ligament (Z-lig) ...
... She is given several surgical options – decide which category each graft below falls in to: a. A porcine) pig derived ligament (Z-lig) ...
File
... After a pathogen is destroyed, memory B cells and memory T cells stay in the body. These cells help create a faster immune response if the same pathogen enters the body again. Acquired Immunity You can acquire immunity without having a disease. Vaccination is the injection of a weakened or mild form ...
... After a pathogen is destroyed, memory B cells and memory T cells stay in the body. These cells help create a faster immune response if the same pathogen enters the body again. Acquired Immunity You can acquire immunity without having a disease. Vaccination is the injection of a weakened or mild form ...
cells - Pomp
... IgA: produced by cells in mucous membranes; prevent attachment of viruses/bacteria to epithelial surfaces; also found in saliva, tears, and perspiration IgD: do not activate complement and cannot cross placenta; found on surfaces of B cells; probably help differentiation of B cells into plasma and m ...
... IgA: produced by cells in mucous membranes; prevent attachment of viruses/bacteria to epithelial surfaces; also found in saliva, tears, and perspiration IgD: do not activate complement and cannot cross placenta; found on surfaces of B cells; probably help differentiation of B cells into plasma and m ...
Immunity and infection
... mannose-binding protein to mannose-containing molecules commonly present on the surface of bacteria and yeast. ...
... mannose-binding protein to mannose-containing molecules commonly present on the surface of bacteria and yeast. ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.