Immune system powerpoint immune_system
... Neutralization occurs when a pathogen can no longer infect a host because it is bound to an antibody Opsonization occurs when antibodies bound to antigens increase phagocytosis Antibodies together with proteins of the complement system generate a membrane attack complex and cell lysis ...
... Neutralization occurs when a pathogen can no longer infect a host because it is bound to an antibody Opsonization occurs when antibodies bound to antigens increase phagocytosis Antibodies together with proteins of the complement system generate a membrane attack complex and cell lysis ...
Lymphocytes - MBBS Students Club
... destroy the specific invading organism or toxin • Passive immunity--- produced by already made antibodies or activated T cells from horse or human serum • Active immunity--- a person itself produces an immune reaction in response to the entry of antigens into the body ...
... destroy the specific invading organism or toxin • Passive immunity--- produced by already made antibodies or activated T cells from horse or human serum • Active immunity--- a person itself produces an immune reaction in response to the entry of antigens into the body ...
Genetics of Immunity
... • T cell stimulates B cells into action • B cells “try on” the antigen until it finds one cell type that “matches” that antigen • That specific B cell type then: – Makes tons of antibody against antigen – Antibody speeds destruction of pathogen – Also, makes a “memory cell” – Appropriate antibody wi ...
... • T cell stimulates B cells into action • B cells “try on” the antigen until it finds one cell type that “matches” that antigen • That specific B cell type then: – Makes tons of antibody against antigen – Antibody speeds destruction of pathogen – Also, makes a “memory cell” – Appropriate antibody wi ...
Genetics of Immunity
... • T cell stimulates B cells into action • B cells “try on” the antigen until it finds one cell type that “matches” that antigen • That specific B cell type then: – Makes tons of antibody against antigen – Antibody speeds destruction of pathogen – Also, makes a “memory cell” – Appropriate antibody wi ...
... • T cell stimulates B cells into action • B cells “try on” the antigen until it finds one cell type that “matches” that antigen • That specific B cell type then: – Makes tons of antibody against antigen – Antibody speeds destruction of pathogen – Also, makes a “memory cell” – Appropriate antibody wi ...
An Alternative Diagnostic Method Using Microneedles For Sampling
... Current protocols for immune system monitoring involve the collection of cells from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. However, since major populations of immune cells reside within tissues, these invasively-obtained body fluid samples are, at best, indirect indicators of the status of the immune system. ...
... Current protocols for immune system monitoring involve the collection of cells from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. However, since major populations of immune cells reside within tissues, these invasively-obtained body fluid samples are, at best, indirect indicators of the status of the immune system. ...
student notes
... 1. Neutralization: antibodies bind the pathogen`s _____________ proteins which prevents it from entering infecting cells 2. Opsonization: results in increased _______________of the antigen 3. Lysis: caused by activation of the____________________. Active immunity: develops ______________in response ...
... 1. Neutralization: antibodies bind the pathogen`s _____________ proteins which prevents it from entering infecting cells 2. Opsonization: results in increased _______________of the antigen 3. Lysis: caused by activation of the____________________. Active immunity: develops ______________in response ...
Ch6-Immune Desease
... • CYTOKINES are PROTEINS produced by MANY cells, but usually LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES, numerous roles in acute and chronic inflammation, AND immunity ...
... • CYTOKINES are PROTEINS produced by MANY cells, but usually LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES, numerous roles in acute and chronic inflammation, AND immunity ...
Non specific defense mechanisms of fish
... Phagocytic white blood cells! • Phagocytosis ingestion of invading microbes by white blood cells (WBCs) • Neutrophils 60-70% of all WBCs amoeboid movement, destruction of microbes. • Monocytes 0.5% of (WBCs) stronger phagocytic response. • Eosinophils limited phagocytic activity contain destructive ...
... Phagocytic white blood cells! • Phagocytosis ingestion of invading microbes by white blood cells (WBCs) • Neutrophils 60-70% of all WBCs amoeboid movement, destruction of microbes. • Monocytes 0.5% of (WBCs) stronger phagocytic response. • Eosinophils limited phagocytic activity contain destructive ...
Immunity and Vaccinations
... Herd Immunity • Ideally vaccinations for highly contagious diseases should be given to a large number of people at the same time. This gives a general immunity to the population called herd immunity. • Vaccinations are not equally effective on all people – in fact some people will not respond at al ...
... Herd Immunity • Ideally vaccinations for highly contagious diseases should be given to a large number of people at the same time. This gives a general immunity to the population called herd immunity. • Vaccinations are not equally effective on all people – in fact some people will not respond at al ...
IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM 1. A Major difference between using
... Are produced only by lymphocytes and macrophages Are very stable and have long plasma half lives Each have distinctive biological activities that do not overlap with those of other cytokines. E. Can act in an endocrines, pracrine, or autocrine fashion ...
... Are produced only by lymphocytes and macrophages Are very stable and have long plasma half lives Each have distinctive biological activities that do not overlap with those of other cytokines. E. Can act in an endocrines, pracrine, or autocrine fashion ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
Innate_Immunity
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
Immunology Terms Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and
... MHC class I- cell marker that presents viral infections to immune system MHC class II- cell marker that presents bacterial infections to immune system Anigen Presenting cell- any cell capable of connecting with a T cell that can lead to activation of the adaptive immune response Epitope- the specifi ...
... MHC class I- cell marker that presents viral infections to immune system MHC class II- cell marker that presents bacterial infections to immune system Anigen Presenting cell- any cell capable of connecting with a T cell that can lead to activation of the adaptive immune response Epitope- the specifi ...
antigenantibody
... Monocytes are the chief phagocytes. They circulate in the blood for 1–2 days before entering body tissues to become macrophages. ...
... Monocytes are the chief phagocytes. They circulate in the blood for 1–2 days before entering body tissues to become macrophages. ...
Slide 1
... PTX3 is produced by several cell types, including dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages, in response to TLR ligand and the innate immune system cytokine TNF and ...
... PTX3 is produced by several cell types, including dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages, in response to TLR ligand and the innate immune system cytokine TNF and ...
09Immunological Tolerance
... Central thymic tolerance to self Ags-positive and negative selection. ...
... Central thymic tolerance to self Ags-positive and negative selection. ...
Nkechi Biosah
... The third line of defense is adaptive (acquired) immunity. This type of immunity is acquired from previous infection or vaccines and refers to an antigen-specific immune response. The antigen first must be processed and recognized. Once an antigen has been recognized, the adaptive immune system crea ...
... The third line of defense is adaptive (acquired) immunity. This type of immunity is acquired from previous infection or vaccines and refers to an antigen-specific immune response. The antigen first must be processed and recognized. Once an antigen has been recognized, the adaptive immune system crea ...
The Adaptive Immune Response B
... Most circulating IgG antibodies have half-lives of about 3 weeks. Some antibody-secreting plasma cells migrate to the bone marrow and live for years, continuing to produce low levels of antibodies. The majority of effector lymphocytes induced by an infectious pathogen die by apoptosis after the mic ...
... Most circulating IgG antibodies have half-lives of about 3 weeks. Some antibody-secreting plasma cells migrate to the bone marrow and live for years, continuing to produce low levels of antibodies. The majority of effector lymphocytes induced by an infectious pathogen die by apoptosis after the mic ...
PPT21Chapter21ImmuneSystem
... the toxins secreted by the pathogens but have no effect on the pathogens themselves. ...
... the toxins secreted by the pathogens but have no effect on the pathogens themselves. ...
10 General anatomy of immune system
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
... • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, the cell will die, because water rushing inside the cell will induce osmotic swelling, and an influx of calcium may trigger ap ...
Chapter 24
... lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that triggered the response, and multiply into memory cells, which ...
... lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that triggered the response, and multiply into memory cells, which ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.